Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Okuda.
Nasal surface basophilic cells (NSBC), located in both the mucosal and epithelial layer of the human nasal mucous membrane, were studied to elucidate whether or not they are one kind of mucosal mast cells (MMC). Nasal scrapings were collected and used as specimen of NSBC. The results demonstrate that NSBC had functional properties common to MMC in their response to antigen, formalin and compound 48/80.
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Basophilic cells in scrapings and pieces of nasal mucosa removed from the inferior turbinates of adult patients with house dust nasal allergy plus pieces of the oral mucosa from normal persons were examined electron microscopically. Three distinct types of basophilic cells, ie, blood basophil leukocytes (predominantly in the subepithelium), mucosal mast cells (predominantly in the epithelium), and connective tissue mast cells (predominantly in the deeper lamina propria) were identified in the nose.
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In esophageal cancer patients, pneumonia in an early (20%) and a late (3.5%) period, pythorax except for leakage (8%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (1.4%) were observed characteristically through the post operative course. Changes in cellular immunity through the course were indicated with remarkable depression of PHA stimulation index (s.i.) and T cell number. The lowest values during 5-year survey were observed 2 weeks after surgery. Especially, cases with post operative pulmonary infections had low PHA s.i. and low T cell number for long time, different from cases without them. As regards T cell subsets, both helper T and suppressor T decreased dramatically early after surgery and helper T kept in low value for long time, in contrast to suppressor T returned to normal range gradually, and then H/S ratio also depressively changed. Therefore, suppressive immunity after surgery must result in pulmonary infections and cause critical conditions. Cases with well reacted lymphocytes indicated high 5 year survival rate (40%).
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N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5'), a new orally useable mast cell stabilizer, was investigated for its efficacy, safety and usefulness in the treatment of 302 patients with perennial nasal allergy by an intergroup, double-blind comparative test using disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and an inactive placebo as control. The results indicated that N-5', as a mild mast cell stabilizer, was comparable to DSCG in efficacy and minimum in side effect.
The antitumor activity of extracts (Neurotropin (NSP)) isolated from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated was studied in syngeneic mice-tumor system, C57BL/6-with mammary adenocarcinoma 755. NSP at a dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight was administrated for seven days. Intravenous administration of NSP was more effective than intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration. NSP exhibited antitumor activity against primary inoculated tumor growths with a cell dose of less than 1 x 10(5) viable cells. Antitumor activity was observed when NSP administration was started one day after tumor inoculation. NSP also enhanced antitumor activity against secondary tumor growths inoculated after excision of the primary tumor. The antitumor activity of Neurotropin seemed to be exerted through a host-mediated tumor immunity.
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In several clinics we carried out a comparative double-blind study of ketotifen (HC) in 260 patients with perennial rhinitis in order to reveal the clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness. We administered two different doses of HC (0.5 mg X 2 and 1 mg X 2 daily), clemastine fumarate, CF (1.34 mg X 2 daily) and their placebos. The active drugs were always given in combination with their placebos during a period of 4 weeks. The results indicated that HC, especially HC 1 mg X 2, was superior to CF in efficacy and usefulness. Side-effects were mild and the frequency in which they occurred was similar to CF. In contrast to CF, HC showed an efficacy not only in sneezing and nasal discharge but also in nasal obstruction as well.
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Recently immotile cilia syndrome has gained the interest of a number of investigators from the aspects of the physiology and pathology of the ciliary movement. This is because microstructural abnormalities of the dynein arms in the cilia of the respiratory mucosal epithelium and in the flagella of sperm tails have been identified in this syndrome. The present study was designed to find a simple clinical method for detecting patients having this syndrome, and was conducted to elucidate the clinical significance and etiology of this syndrome. In order to detect patients with immotile cilia syndrome, 72 patients with one of more conditions such as sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus and sterility were examined using a ciliary function test and electron microscope observation of the nasal cilia. Seven of the examined patients were diagnosed as having immotile cilia syndrome on the basis of the presence of the characteristic ultrastructural patterns of the nasal cilia, i.e., disorders of the dynein arms. The possibility of positive test results increases greatly as the degree of the complications increases, especially in the case of a combination of chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract with situs inversus and sterility. As the electron microscope findings of this syndrome, Afzelius (1979) has reported defects of the dynein arms, spoke head and central sheath. Beyond these microstructural abnormalities, I have identified abnormal attachment of the dynein arms as a new parameter in the electron microscopic diagnosis of immotile cilia syndrome.
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A study of mast cells in subjects with nasal allergy was made by electron microscopy before and after provocation in three areas; the nasal epithelium, the subepithelial layer and the deep layer of the nasal lamina propria. The ration of degranulation of the mast cells in the nasal epithelium and subepithelial layer increased after provocation. The main features of exchanged granules of the mast cells in these areas were (1) swelling of lower electron density of the area enclosed by perigranular membrane, (2) lower electron density of the total area of granular substance with fibrillar and reticular changes, and (3) the disappearance of granular substance. It was, therefore, judged that the mast cells in the nasal epithelium and in the subepithelial layer play a more important part in the onset of a nasal allergic reaction than do those in the deep layer of the nasal lamina propria.