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Biomedical subjects

M Okuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Okuda.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Study of nasal surface basophilic cells in patients with nasal polyp.

Surface basophilic cells in samples obtained from the inferior concha of nasal polyp patients were examined microscopically. Although the cells were believed to be specific to nasal allergy patients, we were also able to observe them in nasal polyp patients without nasal allergy. These cells were found in 5% of normal controls, in 14% of patients with chronic sinusitis without nasal polyp, in 65% with nasal polyp and in 91% with nasal allergy. In patients with unilateral nasal polyp the surface basophilic cells increased on the side with nasal polyp but not on the side without nasal polyp. As the nasal polyp grew in size, so the number of cells grew. After the polyp was removed, the cells decreased appreciably in number. With regard to other nasal diseases, surface basophilic cells were observed in 80% of tracheotomized patients, in 88% of laryngectomized patients due to laryngeal cancer, in 100% of patients with a tumor in nasal cavity, in 100% of patients with irradiation treatment of the nasal cavity and in 90% of patients with atrophic rhinitis. The surface basophilic cells seem to increase in number through some mechanism induced by a blockage of nasal airway by nasal polyp.

Basophils↗
PubMed1986

Interleukin 2 defect in the peripheral blood and the lung in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

We studied interleukin 2 (IL-2) production both in the peripheral blood and the lung in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). IL-2 production of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was significantly impaired in patients with SS (P less than 0.001). The patients with extraglandular disease and with associated connective tissue disease were more defective in IL-2 production. The defect could not be attributable to culture conditions. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells were deficient in producing IL-2. However, impaired IL-2 production could be partly restored by either (1) adding PMA to the PHA-stimulated culture, or (2) supplementing indomethacin (IM) from the initiation of the culture, or (3) depletion of adherent cells from PBMC. Furthermore, SS T cells were more sensitive to PGE1 than normal controls. In contrast, the response of PBMC to IL-2 was not disturbed in SS. IL-1 production of SS PBMC was not defective although there seemed to be suppressive factor(s) produced by SS adherent cells. In addition, IL-2 production of SS pulmonary lymphocytes was also decreased, suggesting that IL-2 producing cells might not be sequestrated in the lung. These data suggest that qualitative T cell defects and suppressor macrophages might be responsible for defective IL-2 production in SS and that IL-2 deficiency may contribute to the disordered immunoregulation in SS.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An analysis of polyclonal B cell activation in Sjögren's syndrome. Characterization of B cell lines spontaneously established from the peripheral blood.

We intended to analyze the mechanism of polyclonal B cell activation in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were grown in bulk cultures without stimulation. Four cell lines (SS-1, SS-7, SS-10, SS-14) were successfully established from SS patients but none from normal controls. All of the cell lines were B cell origin possessing B1, B4 and HLA-DR antigens on their surfaces and were positive for EB virus associated nuclear antigens (EBNA). Both SS-7 and SS-10 spontaneously produced IgM whereas SS-1 and SS-14 IgG. All the cell lines except SS-7 expressed receptors for B cell stimulatory factors (BSF). Culture supernatants of these cell lines contained multiple biological activities including those for IL-1, IL-2, IL-3 and BCGF. These data suggest that B cells are polyclonally activated in vivo presumably by EB virus in SS and these activated B cells might perturb immunoregulatory system by producing multiple lymphokines.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Clinical study on beclomethasone dipropionate powder preparation (TL-102) in perennial nasal allergy.

The efficacy, safety and optimal dose of TL-102, a powder mixture of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HCP) were studied in 250 patients with perennial nasal allergy in an intergroup comparative double-blind manner. Four different capsules containing respectively 30 micrograms of HCP and 1.5 micrograms, 12.5 micrograms, 25 micrograms and 50 micrograms of BDP, were prepared and the drug was applied intranasally evenly between both nostrils at a dose of 2 cap./day b.i.d. for one week. The degrees of overall improvement, usefulness, improvement of nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal blockage) and improvement of rhinoscopical findings (mucosal swelling and nasal secretion) were found to be dose-dependent. Antigen provocation reaction and nasal eosinophil count were both inhibited as compared with the TL 1.5 g group. The incidence of side effects was 4.5%, but all side effects observed were mild. Using TL-102 resulted in a therapeutic effect comparable to the conventional BDP preparations using a dose 1/4th of the normal dose of these BDP preparations. The incidence of side effects was 1/3th in comparison with conventional BDP. It was suitable to administer BDP 50 micrograms capsule containing 30 mg of HCP twice a day.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

[Salivary gland tumors].

A standard histopathological classification of salivary gland tumor is presented by the World Health Organization and is widely used. It, however, needs a minor modification from the clinical point of view. Histologically there are different character according to different kinds of tumor. For instance malignant change occurs occasionally from benign pleomorphic adenoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma often causes distant metastasis. Therefore, treatment should be based on histological character of tumor. However, preoperative clinical examinations to differentiate high or moderate grade malignancies from benign tumors are not yet satisfactory. By these tests malignancies are sometimes taken for benign. Parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve is indicated not only benign tumors but also for malignancies of low grade extension and for moderate grade malignancies. Combined use of surgery with irradiation and anti-cancer drugs is presumed to be useful for prevention of recurrence and metastasis.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Effects of phencyclidine administration on behavior and brain neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in rats.

The effects of acute and chronic phencyclidine (PCP) administration on neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) were investigated in discrete regions of rat brain. Both acute and chronic administration of PCP induced high locomotor activity, stereotypy and ataxia. On PCP administration, NTLI decreased significantly in the frontal cortex (Fc) alone. These results suggest that the decrease in NTLI in Fc is related to the behavioral abnormalities produced by PCP.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative analysis of two-dimensional electrophoretograms using shape-fitting.

This paper describes an automatic quantitative analysis of protein using two-dimensional electrophoresis. We made 2-D electrophoretograms with index spots of some proteins whose mass is known. First, we cut out the protein spots from the background. Then we detected connected regions which may correspond to spot regions and measured their mass as the sum of the gray levels in the region. For confluent spots, we propose a method of separating them by shape-fitting, and examine this method by comparing it with the spot-dividing method.

Biometry↗
PubMed1985

Peripharyngeal space invasion of head and neck cancer--incidence, mechanisms, and management.

We studied the incidence and mode of development of peripharyngeal invasion from head and neck cancers by both retrospective examination of our 127 patients and tracing the dynamics of lymph flow from the hypopharyngeal wall to the peripharyngeal space. We also presented three experiences of the surgical approach to the peripharyngeal invasion by our modification of Attia's technique. Peripharyngeal space invasions occur frequently in a direct or indirect way when meso- or hypopharyngeal or posterior oral cancer invades deeply into the muscle layers and extends to the palatine arch, retromolar region, pharyngoepiglottic fold, pharyngeal tongue, or posterior buccal mucosa. The lymph flow was revealed to move quickly from the lateral hypopharyngeal wall to the base of the skull and occasionally to the opposite side. The peripharyngeal space invasions were successfully removed under a wide surgical field without injuring the important nerves and vessels and with preservation of mandibular function. We should cover all routes for extension of head and neck cancers, including the peripharyngeal space, in the diagnosis and management of these conditions.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of biochemical characteristics of the fluids in otitis media with effusion and postoperative maxillary cysts.

The biochemical characteristics and smears of the fluids in M-OME, S-OME, AOM, POMC, and AMS were studied. The fluids in S-OME and POMC had the character of transudate rather than exudate. On the other hand, M-OME, AOM, and AMS showed a more exudative or secretive nature. The character of the product from the inflammatory process of the specific condition was particularly seen in M-OME, AOM, and AMS. Thus we speculate that the chronic inflammatory process has a close relationship to the pathogenesis of OME, especially in mucoid types.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Potent inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by [des-Pro3]-bradykinin or "converstatin" in comparison with Captopril.

The mechanism of bradykinin-potentiating activity of [des-Proline3]-bradykinin, a kinin originally generated from human plasma protein by trypsin, was studied in terms of its inhibitory actions on angiotensin-converting enzyme and kininase II prepared from rat lung. The results were compared with those obtained with Captopril. [Des-Pro3]-bradykinin was found to have a potent inhibitory action against angiotensin-converting enzyme with a K1 of 4.5 X 10(-12) M, which is approximately 7 times more potent than Captopril. It was also inhibitory to kininase II with a Ki of 4 X 10(-11) M, which is approximately 2,300-fold more potent than Captopril. The pattern of inhibition was purely competitive with increased apparent Km but no change in apparent Vmax for both angiotensin-converting enzyme and kininase II. This is in contrast to Captopril, which showed a mixed competitive and non-competitive type of inhibition with increased apparent Km and decreased Vmax for both enzymes. Such a potent inhibitory activity of [des-Pro3]-bradykinin or Arg-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg is noteworthy, and accordingly we propose the name "converstatin" for this peptide.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1985

Dynamics of mast cell degranulation in human allergic nasal epithelium after provocation with allergen.

The histamine content in the nasal epithelial layer of twenty-five patients with nasal allergy was measured before, 10 min after and 1 hr after nasal provocation with allergen. A decrease in histamine content was observed 10 min after provocation compared to the values obtained before provocation (P less than 0.05). There was a tendency for an increase in the histamine content of the nasal epithelium one hour after provocation when compared with the amounts present 10 min after provocation (P less than 0.1). Mast cells in the nasal epithelial layer of a further five patients were studied by electron microscopy 10 min and 1 hr after provocation. The rate of mast cell degranulation appeared to decrease 1 hr after provocation when compared with 10 min. Our study suggests that some mast cells commence their migration to the nasal epithelial layer over a short time period and that they may play a role in the onset of the allergic nasal reaction in patients with allergic nasal symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pathological analysis of the carcinogenicity of sodium o-phenylphenate and o-phenylphenol.

Potential carcinogenicity and promoting effects of sodium o-phenylphenate (OPP-Na) in two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis were shown in male F344 rats pretreated with 0.01% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN). However, o-phenylphenol (OPP) did not enhance the occurrence of urinary bladder lesions in rats pretreated with BBN. Scanning electron microscopy of OPP-Na-treated animals demonstrated a dose-dependent production of pleomorphic microvilli on the luminal surface of bladder superficial cells, whereas these were not observed with OPP. These results give some support to the conclusion that OPP-Na may be carcinogenic in the urinary bladder of male rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effects of cromolyn sodium on the nasal mast cells.

To elucidate the characteristics of two different kinds of nasal mast cells, ie, the mucosal mast cells (MMC) and connective tissue mast cells, we examined the inhibitory effects of cromolyn sodium (CS) on in vitro allergen-induced histamine release from the nasal mast cells. The pharyngeal mast cells were also examined as control. Nasal scrapings (containing mainly MMC) were faintly sensitive to CS, whereas both the chopped nasal mucosas without epithelial layer and chopped pharyngeal mucosas (containing mostly connective tissue mast cells) were markedly sensitive in patients with allergic rhinitis. This result indicates that there are at least two distinct types of mast cells in allergic nasal mucosa, and the nasal MMC are insensitive to CS.

Cromolyn Sodium↗