PubMed · 6466097
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H Ohtsuka, M Okuda, Y Sakaguchi, M Ohnishi, T Watase, A Mezawa. 1984. [Modified RAST assay].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6466097/
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Kindergarten environments combine high microbial exposure with increased immunological vulnerability, yet antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in kindergarten dust remain poorly characterized. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the occurrence and potential health relevance of ARGs in kindergarten dust. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Four studies from China, Hong Kong, and Norway (2018-2024) met the inclusion criteria. ARGs were detected in all kindergarten dust samples, indicating that dust is a consistent reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants. A consensus resistome (classes detected in ≥2 studies) encompassed sulfonamide, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB), tetracycline, beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and multidrug resistance genes; beta-lactam resistance genes were the only class reported in all four studies. Clinically important ARGs associated with last-resort antibiotics, including mecA, vanA, blaNDM, and mcr-5, were reported in three studies. Class 1 integron-integrase genes (intI1) frequently co-occurred with ARGs, suggesting potential horizontal gene transfer. Limited evidence indicated higher ARG abundance in urban and winter samples. One study reported antibiotic-resistant bacteria carrying resistance markers concordant with those in kindergarten dust in the urine of children attending the same facilities; however, this cross-sectional, single-site evidence is consistent with, but not sufficient to establish, a dust-to-child exposure pathway. The available evidence supports the plausibility that kindergarten dust may contribute to children's exposure to ARGs and ARG-carrying bacteria, but current studies do not establish causal transmission from dust to child colonization or infection. Standardized monitoring and longitudinal studies are needed to assess health risks and guide mitigation strategies in early childhood educational settings.
An investigation of the ignition behaviour of iron sulphide dusts has been undertaken. Commercial samples of FeS and FeS(2) and mine samples of pyrrhotite and pyrite were tested for minimum ignition temperature (MIT) using a device known as the BAM oven. The mine samples were found to undergo a decrease in MIT as the mass mean particle diameter became smaller. Using available theoretical treatments, this experimental observation was interpreted as providing further evidence of the importance of heterogeneous combustion in the ignition of iron sulphide dusts. A dense cloud state was proven for the experimental apparatus used, and an alternate criterion for the boundary between a dilute and a dense dust cloud was proposed in terms of the number of dust particles present in the cloud.
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