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Biomedical subjects

M Nishi

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Pre-operative staging in advanced gastric cancer by ultrasound; with special reference to para-aortic lymph node metastases].

Extraluminal cancer spreadings such as peritoneal dissemination, liver metastases, lymph node metastases and infiltration to surrounding organs were examined in 236 patients with gastric cancer by ultrasound (US). Peritoneal dissemination was found in 36 of 236 cases. Ascites, nodules in the cul-de-sac and thickened wall of the transverse colon could be detected by US in 24 of 36 cases (sensitivity of 67%). Liver metastases were detected in 18 out of 23 cases (78%). Infiltration to the surrounding organs, mainly to the pancreas, was impossible to demonstrate by US. Sensitivity was 44% (17/39). Lymph node metastases in the region around the celiac axis were indicated in 30 of 40 cases (75%) by US. Para-aortic nodal metastases were also detected in 27 of 34 cases (79%). Ultrasonic images of para-aortic lymph node metastases were classified into four figures: plate type, sandwich type, unilateral multiple type, unilateral solitary type. These types were not necessarily the same in indication of laparotomy, selection of combined or adjuvant therapy, significance of nodal dissection and also prognosis. Solitary involved para-aortic node near the left renal vein should be removed in a case free from peritoneal dissemination or liver metastases. Ultrasound could be very useful in screening patients with gastric cancer for peritoneal dissemination, liver metastases and lymph node metastases.

Aorta↗
PubMed1987

[Effectiveness of multidisciplinary treatment combined with immunotherapy in esophageal cancer--analysis of 287 cases of carcinoma of the thoracic part of the esophagus in Kyushu and Yamaguchi districts].

The effectiveness of surgical adjuvant immunochemotherapy was studied on 287 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer in the Kyushu and Yamaguchi districts. Pre- and postoperative subcutaneous administrations of BCG, 10 mg once a week and an oral administration of PSK, 3 g a day, for as long as possible after surgery were instituted. The control group was designated as the one which neither PSK nor BCG was given. Most patients received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Significant elongation of survival time was observed in immunotherapy patients with stage III and in those with non-curative resection, both having no lymph node metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal variations in vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in infants' urine.

Seasonal variations in urinary levels of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) have been investigated over a two-year period, using 31,466 filter-paper specimens of urine from infants of 6 months of age who underwent Sapporo City's screening for neuroblastoma. Levels of both VMA and HVA (micrograms/mg creatinine) were significantly higher in summer (11.48 +/- 7.40, n = 7,569, and 18.70 +/- 8.18, n = 7,582, respectively) than in winter (10.72 +/- 5.76, n = 8,143, and 16.46 +/- 7.17, n = 8,148, respectively) throughout the two years (P less than 0.01, t-test). Although the cause of this difference could not be found, its actual clinical relevance was thought to be small since there was no significant relation between monthly rate of re-screened infants and monthly mean levels of VMA or HVA (P greater than 0.05, Spearman-Rank correlation).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Establishment of cut off values for vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in 24-hr urine accumulation during mass screening for neuroblastoma.

The establishment of cut off values in vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in 24-hr urine specimens for the purpose of separating true positive cases from normal infants has been discussed. The specimens were collected at the time when thorough examinations under a mass screening programme for neuroblastoma were taking place, and data from 17 infants with neuroblastoma (patients) and 50 healthy infants (controls) have been employed. The function square root VMA2 + HVA2 = 34 (micrograms/mg of creatinine) separated the two groups with no overlapping cases. This function represents the distance from the origin of the VMA-HVA co-ordinates, and is thought to be one of the most reasonable discriminant methods when considering the distribution pattern of the data for normal cases and patients.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Simple liquid-chromatographic measurement of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in urine on filter paper for mass screening of neuroblastoma in infants.

We describe a simple and rapid method for measuring catecholamine metabolites in urine collected on filter paper. By this method, "high-performance" liquid chromatography, urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid can be measured within 15 min after being eluted from filter paper treated with tartrate buffer. One hundred urine samples can be pretreated within 2 h and 100-120 samples analyzed at 18-min intervals overnight in two chromatographic systems. Moreover, urinary creatinine also can be measured rapidly because of the use of microtiter plates. We applied this method in a mass screening program for early detection of neuroblastoma in infants. Between April 1986 and March 1987, two patients with neuroblastoma were detected. In all, neuroblastoma has been detected in 17 of 88,887 infants so examined since April 1981.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

Effect of calcium antagonists on reactive hypoglycemia associated with hyperinsulinemia.

The clinical usefulness of calcium antagonists was studied in four patients with reactive hypoglycemia including two with alimentary and two with idiopathic. All patients had hyperresponses of plasma insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (CPR) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A calcium antagonist (diltiazem 90 mg/d, or nifedipine 30 mg/d, or nicardipine 60 mg/d) was administered orally for about two months. After two months of treatment, plasma IRI and CPR responses during the OGTT were clearly suppressed in all patients and symptomatic reactive hypoglycemia disappeared. One month after the discontinuation of the treatment in two patients, plasma IRI and CPR responses during the OGTT became higher again and symptomatic reactive hypoglycemia recurred. In addition, an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed before and after two months of the treatment with calcium antagonists in the two patients with reactive hypoglycemia and seven patients with hypertension, who were free from glucose intolerance and were also treated with a calcium antagonist. In these patients, plasma IRI and CPR responses were also reduced after the treatment compared with those before the treatment. These results suggest that calcium antagonists are useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment of reactive hypoglycemia associated with hyperinsulinemia, and that one of the main mechanisms of action of calcium antagonists is a direct action on the pancreatic B-cell to inhibit glucose-induced insulin release.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of x-ray irradiation on lipid peroxide levels in the rat submandibular gland.

We examined the effect of local x-ray irradiation on the changes in the lipid peroxide level in submandibular gland, liver, and blood plasma. Rats five weeks of age received a single low dose of 3 Gy x-ray irradiation to their neck regions. The lipid peroxide level in the submandibular gland was significantly enhanced at seven days after irradiation, as was the level in the blood plasma at two hours, seven and 14 days after irradiation. The lipid peroxide level in the liver decreased, as compared with levels in the controls. There was a slight tendency for acinar cells of the submandibular gland to show pyknosis and anomalous nuclei within three days after irradiation. These results suggest that radiation injury results in an elevation of the lipid peroxides in the submandibular gland, and an increased level in the blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[AFP-producing gastric cancer--analyses of 17 cases].

Serum AFP levels were increased in 17 of 446 patients with primary gastric cancer, No liver metastasis was detected in 11 of them. In all patients who underwent gastrectomy, the post-operative AFP levels were significantly lowered. In patients with recurrence, the increase of AFP levels was detected before the diagnosis of recurrent tumor could be achieved by US or CT. The tumor invasion in most of these patients was graded as ss. Lymph node metastasis was found in all patients. Most tumors were histologically classified as tub 2. The histochemical demonstration of AFP in carcinoma cells of the stomach and metastatic lesions of the liver suggests tht AFP may be produced within cancer cells. The prognosis was generally poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of gastric cancer based on the pathological and biophysiological aspects of cancer].

Spread of the gastric cancer is multifarious according to its pathological and biophysiological characteristics. The therapeutic strategy was reviewed by the analysis of more than 8.000 cases of gastric cancer treated at Cancer Institute Hospital. Main type of recurrence in early stage cancer was, though seldom, the hematogenous metastasis to the liver. On the other hand, in the advanced cases, macroscopically localized, and histologically well differentiated tumor type easily adhered and invaded to the adjacent organs and structures, and infiltrating and undifferentiated tumor type tended to cause peritoneal dissemination. Lymph node spread was observed in any tumor type, but frequently observed in intermediate type. Invasion to the adjacent organs and limited lymphatic spread can be controlled by wide combined resection of adjacent organs, and extended lymphadenectomy. However, hematogenous metastasis and peritoneal dissemination are difficult to be controlled by surgical intervention. Thus, minor surgery can be directed for small early stage cancer under strict criteria, and wide and extended resection for localized type, and combination of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for intermediate and infiltrating tumor types advancing more than stage II.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

[Thyroid nodules; evaluation of malignancy by ultrasonography].

Preoperative ultrasonic examination was correlated to final pathological diagnosis in 102 cases which underwent thyroidectomy in our clinic from 1979 to May 1985. Preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis was as follows: Sensitivity was 78% (45/58 cases), and specificity was 86% (38/44 cases). Four factors in ultrasonic image were considered: Shape, boundary, internal echo and margin were featured, and correlated to malignancy in 75 cases with mainly solid nodules. Among 34 nodules with irregular shape, 33 (97%) were pathologically malignant and 40 of 42 (95%) with rugged boundary were also malignant. Whether internal echo was even or not could not be used as a diagnostic criteria. Similarly, whether a nodule had well defined margin or not was found not to be a significant criteria in order to differentiate malignant from benign lesions. In 15 of 34 cases with lymph node metastases, metastatic lymph nodes were detected by ultrasonography. Lymph node metastases must be also evaluated by ultrasonography preoperatively in thyroid diseases. Each of these factors must be considered individually in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. By evaluation of the ultrasonography findings the pathological characteristics may be inferred, and consequently being possible to reach a correct diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Current status of adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer].

Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on the postoperative survival of gastric cancer patients has been suggested by various clinical trials with an aim of controlling minimum residual tumors after surgery. Incorporation of adjuvant chemotherapy with MMC, 5-FU, FT-207, or immunomodulators into the treatment modalities might be one of the basic treatment strategies for gastric cancer. Well designed, controlled trials in terms of selecting proper drugs and patients, and of statistical methodology, are essential for the proper evaluation of the adjuvant chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

[Childhood liposarcoma of the eyelid--a case report].

An 11-year-old girl noted a small mass on the left upper eyelid. The tumor was excised and diagnosed as round cell-type liposarcoma. In spite of intensive multimodal therapy, the tumor tended to recur, metastasizing to the central nervous system and soft tissues. The patient died of progressive disease three years after diagnosis. Features unique to this case include the ophthalmological primary site, the age at onset, the histological subtype and the mode of metastasis.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Intra-arterial chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcoma in children].

As to the treatment of soft tissue tumor in children, we have performed intraarterial infusion chemotherapy in 3 children, two of whom had rhabdomyosarcoma and one of whom had infantile fibrosarcoma, at Sapporo National Hospital. The former two patients had large and unresectable solid tumor. In the latter case, an uncommon disease of childhood, local excision was considered while sacrificing a significant degree of function in the affected part. We describe here these three cases and the effectiveness of this therapy. Intraarterial chemotherapy reduced the tumor remarkably and facilitated second-look surgery. Although transient hematuria, slight articular contracture and vasculitis were observed in each case as side effects during the therapy, they were only minimal and tolerable. Unfortunately, one patient relapsed 6 months after surgery, but two patients are still in good health without recurrence. According to the results of our study, we believe that this method can be effective for controlling unresectable primary malignant soft tissue tumor.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Surgical treatment of cancer of the digestive organs].

Recently the surgical treatment for cancer of digestive organ has made remarkable progress. This development depends on the progress of diagnosis, instrument, operation procedure and management. I will state on the principle of oncological surgery, stage classification, minor surgery, major surgery and multidisciplinary treatment. And I will mention about latest trend of surgical treatment for cancer.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗