[Preparation of the conditions for patients following reattachment of an amputated finger--a problem of thrombus formation].
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Fingers↗
Biomedical subjects
M Nishi
Publications and source records attributed to M Nishi.
[The history and present status of the Japanese Society for Gastric Cancer].
The Gastric Carcinoma Study Group was established in 1962. Its purpose are two fold to prepare a common guideline for those engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric carcinoma, and to obtain more satisfactory results from the diagnosis and treatment of this carcinoma. Initially, guidelines, were prepared mainly for the surgical treatment and pathological examination of gastric carcinomas. Later, however, other guidelines were prepared for the chemotherapy and radiotherapy of these carcinomas. The Study Group holds its regular meetings twice a year. In this communication, the history and present situation of the Study Group are discussed. In addition, information is given on the results of surgical operations conducted on gastric carcinomas that have been reported throughout the country.
History, 20th Century↗
[Treatment of cancer of the esophago-gastric junction with special reference to dissection of the lymphatic system].
No means have yet been devised for detecting cancer of the esophago-gastric junction at an early stage, and no effective chemotherapy or irradiation regimen for this area is yet available. Recently, a very important lymphatic pathway and extension route for E. G-junction cancer has been discovered. A new operative procedure involving a thoraco-abdominal approach, wide dissection of the lymphatic system and safe reconstruction is discussed in this paper.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Surgical treatment of lung cancer for both preserving lung function and maintaining radicality--bronchoplastic surgery].
Fifty cases with lung cancer given bronchoplastic surgery were discussed. Five-year survival rates of all of the cases, those with squamous cell carcinoma, pathological stage I + II cases and absolute curative cases were 36%, 42%, 46% and 59%, respectively, excluding operation death and hospital death. These results were virtually comparable with those of all of the cases with lung cancer which were ever resected in our hospital. The prognosis for cases with adenocarcinoma and of cases operated with bronchoplasty was poor because of direct bronchial invasion from inter-lobar lymph-node metastasis. Hence, this procedure could be better indicated for cases with squamous cell carcinoma, direct primary tumor invasion of the bronchus, and these in which absolute curative operation could be expected clinically. As is characteristic, suture failure occurred in 3 cases, and 2 of them which were followed by pulmonary arterial fistula died of massive bleeding. Preoperative BAI (Bronchial Arterial Infusion had been performed in all 3 cases. It is suggested that there may will be some relation between BAI and suture failure. From the viewpoint of technique, both blood supply preserving and tension relaxing procedures are the most important to avoid suture failure.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Results of left upper abdominal evisceration (LUAE) in diffuse infiltrating carcinoma of the stomach].
Seventy-six (30.6%) out of 248 cases of diffuse infiltrating cancer of the stomach according to Kajitani's classification of gross appearance were surgically treated by LUAE. The survival rate of LUAE cases was better among both relative non-curative cases and Stage IV cases than that among cases treated by other forms of surgery. The survival rate of for LUAE cases was slightly better for cancer located mainly in the upper and mid-portion of the stomach than for cases of diffuse infiltrating cancer not treated by LUAE used as historical controls.
Gastrectomy↗
[Prognostic factors in gastric cancer].
A total of 5,480 cases of gastric cancer was subjected to the analysis of main prognostic factors in gastric cancer. The uppermost factor which affected the prognosis of gastric cancer patients was the curability of surgery. Five year survival rates were 72.7% for the absolute curative cases, 33.6% for relative curative cases, and 13.8% for relative non-curative cases. None of the patients, who had absolute non-curative surgery, survived more than five years. Curability of surgery depended on the extent of cancer spread such as liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, remote lymphatic spread and continuous infiltration of adjacent organs. Gross and histological tumor types were important for the destination of cancer spread: localized, and well differentiated types tended to hematogenous metastasis. Infiltrating, and undifferentiated typestended to peritoneal dissemination.
Adult↗
[Studies on gastric lymphatics by using activated carbon particle (CH44) and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer].
Gastric lymphatics in 200 patients of gastric cancer were studied by injection of activated carbon particles (CH44). By observing the carbon flow intraoperatively and examining stained lymph nodes, gastric lymphatics for individual regions (cardia, lesser curvature, left greater curvature and right greater curvature) were evaluated. The cardiac orifice has a main series of lymphatics along the left gastric artery and also has other lymphatics along the splenic artery, left phrenic artery, esophagus, lesser omentum and diaphragm. The left greater curvature depends on the lymph flow along the splenic artery. The lesser curvature has a main lymphatic stream along the left gastric artery. The right greater curvature has convened lymphatics around pancreatic head. Most streams gather around celiac axis, while the flow along right gastro-epiploic vein is also important. We also studied the relationship between the site of gastric cancer and metastasis is to the lymph nodes in 1097 gastrectomized patients. They had received more than R2 lymphatic dissection successfully. In the cases with lesions located in the upper part of the stomach, n4 (positive findings of metastasis to group 4 lymph nodes) is greater than n3 (positive findings of metastasis to group 3 lymph nodes). We concluded that most of gastric lymphatics run along the proper gastric vessels and gathered around celiac axis. For lymph node dissection in gastric cancer, it is important to know the direction of the gastric lymphatics based on tumor sites.
Charcoal↗
Early gastric carcinoma with special reference to macroscopic classification.
During a period beginning in 1946 and ending in October of 1978, 1000 cases of solitary early gastric carcinoma were operated on at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. The clinical characteristics and the macroscopic and chronological changes were studied in these cases. Early gastric carcinoma comprised one third of all resected gastric carcinoma. If early gastric carcinoma was divided into two groups, the depressed and the elevated, the former was more common. By location, the depressed type lesions were more frequently seen in the middle third of the stomach and the elevated type lesions in the lower third. By age, distribution of the elevated type lesions showed a peak with a mode at the age of 60 to 69 years and of the depressed type, a plateau with a mode at the age of 50 to 59 years. The relative incidence of the elevated type of gastric carcinoma to the depressed type was one to four. In depth of invasion, the mucosa and the submucosa were equally involved. Lymph node metastases were encountered in 12.7% of early gastric carcinoma cases. The incidence of positive nodes in mucosal carcinoma was 3.4% and that of submucosal lesions was 21.7%. Of the elevated type carcinoma, 20.9% of the cases had positive nodes. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with surgery for cure was 93.8% in contrast to 56.5% of those with palliative resection.
Aged↗
Effects of the mass screening of neuroblastoma in Sapporo City.
One hundred sixty-seven cases of neuroblastoma in the Registry of Childhood Malignancies in Hokkaido Prefecture from 1969 to 1984 were studied, using the age at diagnosis, the clinical stage at diagnosis, and the survival rate to assess the influence of the mass screening of neuroblastoma performed in Sapporo City since 1981. In Sapporo City, the capital of Hokkaido Prefecture, the condition of the three parameters improved significantly after the institution of mass screening (e.g., the 48-month survival rate improved--from 21.3% to 87.5%). In Hokkaido Prefecture (Sapporo City excluded), however, where the mass screening had not yet been performed, no significant change was observed in any of the three parameters (48-month survival rate changed only from 21.1% to 28.1%). Consequently, the improvement in Sapporo City was thought to be attributable to the effects of the mass screening.
Age Factors↗
Surgical treatment of gastric cancer today.
The utilization of radical operation in gastric cancer cases has led to the development of various operation techniques. With the improvement in perioperative management it can be said that age no longer is a restriction. A study of gastric cancer prognosis indicates an upward trend in survival since 1960 along with the increased detection of early cancer. This suggests the most importance of early detection in increasing the therapeutic results obtained in cases of gastric cancer. In cases with advanced cancer, 5-year survival rate of 44.7 per cent was attained through such aggressive actions as extended dissection of lymph nodes and combined resection of surrounding organs with evaluation of the macroscopic classification of the cancer.
Follow-Up Studies↗
Mortality study of inhabitants in a cadmium-polluted area.
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Aged↗
Leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla.
A case of leiomyosarcoma in the maxilla is presented together with a review of the literature. The most commonly encountered symptom at the early stage of oral leiomyosarcoma is a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated and painless mass. This tumor shows high incidence of local recurrence or metastasis, and poor prognosis. The histological confirmation of leiomyosarcoma seems difficult in the routine examination using biopsy specimen. Special staining methods and immunohistochemical analysis are useful for diagnosis of this tumor. The tumor slightly responded to chemotherapy consisting of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide.
Adult↗
Evaluation of submandibular gland function by sialo-scintigraphy following sialolithectomy.
Submandibular gland function following transoral sialolithectomy was examined by 99mTc-pertechnetate sialo-scintigraphy in 10 cases. An intraindividual comparison between the function of the treated gland and that of the contralateral normal gland was made using a time-activity curve. Although glandular recovery was not affected by the duration of symptoms or the existence of the symptom at mealtimes, it was inversely proportional to the size of the calculus. Furthermore, the prognosis was more favorable in patients when the anatomically normal orifice of the submandibular duct was preserved.
Adolescent↗
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance study on the solution conformation of human epidermal growth factor.
This paper describes elucidation of the conformation of the human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in an aqueous environment, using one- and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The noted structural information obtained is that a rigid core structure is formed by the interplay of the three disulfide bridges and an antiparallel beta-sheet consisting of Val-19 to Glu-24 and Asp-27 to Asn-32. Furthermore, the hydrophobic amino acid residues of the long C-terminal segment fold back to interact locally with residues in the beta-sheet. It is suggested that the C-terminal residues play an inevitable role in the formation of the receptor-binding site.
Binding Sites↗
Tyrosine-specific dephosphorylation-phosphorylation with alkaline phosphatases and epidermal growth factor receptor kinase as evidenced by 31P NMR spectroscopy.
The dephosphorylation of phospho-amino acids with alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) from calf intestine or Escherichia coli and the phosphorylation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase from human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells were investigated by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The initial rates of the dephosphorylation of phospho-tyrosine (P-Tyr) and phosphoserine (P-Ser) with AlPase were essentially the same in the one-substrate system. In the two-substrate system (P-Tyr plus P-Ser), however, the ratio of the initial rate for P-Tyr vs. P-Ser was 2.4 to 4.5 depending on the buffer and pH conditions employed. This substantiates for the first time the specificity of AlPases to P-Tyr over P-Ser at the free amino acid level. In the stationary phase of the overall process, the dephosphorylation of P-Ser became slow compared to that of P-Tyr in the one-substrate system. The decrease in the rate for P-Ser was further pronounced in the two-substrate system. For this remarkable effect, the rephosphorylation of serine was responsible, as demonstrated in the reaction mixture containing serine, Pi, and AlPase. BSA phosphorylated by EGF receptor kinase exhibited sharp 31P resonances around 0 ppm at neutral pH, far distant from the peak positions (4.9 ppm) of histone H1 phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These NMR data are directed evidence that BSA was phosphorylated exclusively at the tyrosyl residues, whereas the phosphorylation of histone H1 was at the seryl residues.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
[Epidemiology of neuroblastoma].
From the Childhood Cancer Registry in Japan, incidence of neuroblastoma was 1 among 100,000-150,000 children under the age of 15 years, and 25% of them were under 1 year old. But, mass-screening for this tumor in infancy showed incidence of detection of 1:5,000 babies. Even if we presume that all of the tumor cases--if not screened with the risk of developing later--were detected in infancy, this is more than the expected incidence. To explain this, we postulated 4 patterns in the natural growth of this tumor. After the start of mass-screening, the number of the patients with this tumor in much earlier stage and younger age increased and this was the main cause of improvement of the results of treatment.
Age Factors↗
[Estimates of circulating breast cancer-associated antigen CA 15-3 as a monitoring marker in patients with breast cancer].
CA 15-3 is a newly developed tumor marker detected by breast tumor-associated antigen 115D8/DF3 and is being studied as a monitoring marker in breast cancer patients (pts), even though its sensitivity as a screening marker is not so high. The cut off value of CA 15-3 was set at 27 U/ml. We assayed the plasma CA 15-3 levels of breast cancer pts from June 1985 for the purpose of estimating it as a monitoring marker in comparison with CEA. In the monitoring of over 2,000 postoperative pts, 23 were discovered to have metastatic lesions. For prediction of recurrence, CA 15-3 was useful for 11 pts (48%), while CEA was useful for 8 pts (35%), and CA 15-3 or CEA were useful for 14 pts (61%). Although it was little useful for local recurrence, CA 15-3 was highly useful for the prediction of organ & bone recurrence in 7/11 pts (64%). With regard to monitoring of the clinical course of metastatic carcinoma of the breast, the levels of CA 15-3 were positive in 47/68 pts (69%), while in contrast CEA was positive in 42/68 pts (62%). The trend of CA 15-3 was also highly correlated with the clinical course. CA 15-3 thus appears to be a better marker, especially as a monitoring marker, than CEA for breast cancer. Additional research will be required on this marker, but it seems likely that CA 15-3 combined with CEA would provide better information for the monitoring of breast cancer patients.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
[Childhood chronic myelogenous leukemia with blastic crisis showing pre-B cell and myelocytic phenotypes].
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Antigens, Surface↗