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Biomedical subjects

M Nishi

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishi.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, and catecholamines in urine of infants with neuroblastoma 6- to 11-month-old.

The amounts of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine) in 24-hr urine specimens of 10 infants with neuroblastoma detected through mass screening in Sapporo City (patient group) were compared with those of 24 healthy infants (control group). The ages of the infants of both groups ranged from 6 to 11 months, which agrees with the age when mass screening is performed. For VMA and HVA, the mean value plus two or three times the standard deviation of the control group clearly separated the two groups in the units of mg/day, microgram/mg of creatinine, mg/kg/day, and mg/m2/day. The cut off values of 24 micrograms/mg of creatinine for VMA and 25 micrograms/mg of creatinine for HVA are now being used by us for assaying 24-hr urine specimens. No significant difference was found between the groups in levels of catecholamines, but their data were thought to be useful as normal values, since few published data regarding their normal values are available.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1986

[Is it necessary to administer hemostatic medicines after surgical operation? The results of questionnaires about the use of hemostatic medicines in Japan].

In Japan, the various hemostatic medicines have been used after operation. On the contrary, in Europe and U.S.A., the anticoagulants are used both before and after operation because of the high incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. We made inquiries about how they have been used to 566 main surgical clinics in Japan. In the half of these surgical facilities, these medicines still have been used routinely. But in 16.9% of surgery, 9.5% of obstetric & gynecological operation and 29.4% of orthopedic surgery, they have never been used at all. In the field of surgery, in 42% of cardiovascular, 32.1% of respiratory and 10.8% of general surgery, they have not been used absolutely. For the patients with liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice and the patients who received the massive blood transfusion during operation, more than 80% of facilities have used the hemostatic medicines. After operation, the blood becomes hypercoagulable and tends to form thrombosis, because of increasing coagulability, decreasing AT-III and protein C, hyper-function of platelet, hypofibrinolytic state and high viscosity. Especially cancer patients have the high risk of deep vein thrombosis. Also we investigated the difference of the incidence of the hemorrhagic complications after operation between in the hemostatic drug group and no drug one. No significant difference was observed. It is concluded that the use of hemostatic medicines after operation is not recommended.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of cis-DDP in children with refractory malignant tumors].

Eighteen children with refractory malignant tumors were treated with cis-DDP. They included 10 neuroblastomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, and one each of hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, osteosarcoma and pinealoma. Of 7 cases treated only with cis-DDP, 2 were NC, 6 PD and none were CR or PR. Of 11 cases treated with cis-DDP combined with other agents, 7 were PR, 2 NC, 2 PD and none were CR. The major side effect of cis-DDP was renal toxicity, but this was not serious and only transient. Three cases were treated with the continuous intra-arterial infusion method. These included 2 neuroblastomas and one yolk sac tumor. This treatment was therefore highly effective for children with malignant tumors, and few side effects were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[The accuracy of frozen sections in the diagnoses of breast lesions].

To evaluate the accuracy in diagnosing breast lesions by frozen sections, 657 consecutive diagnostic biopsies seen during 1982 were reviewed. Of 559 lesions considered benign at frozen sections, 558 were also benign in paraffin sections, the remaining one being a papillary carcinoma (i.e. 1/559 or 0.2% false negative). All 78 cases diagnosed as malignant in frozen sections were also malignant in paraffin sections (i.e. 0% false positive). Of the 20 doubtful cases, in frozen sections, 15 showed a papillary lesions; 7 of them were malignant in paraffin sections and the rest 13 benign. It is concluded that the frozen sections are usefull in the diagnoses of mammary disorders except for those cases with papillary tumors.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

An enzymatic differential assay for urinary diamines, spermidine, and spermine.

Subsequent to the hydrolysis of urinary conjugated amines by heating with hydrochloric acid, free amines were isolated by cation-exchange chromatography. SPD and SPM in an aliquot of amine extract were first oxidized by PAO from Penicillium chrysogenum, producing PUT and hydrogen peroxide. DIAs, which consist of the initially present DIAs plus PUT produced by PAO, were subsequently oxidized by PUO from Micrococcus rubens, producing hydrogen peroxide. In an another aliquot of the amine extract DIAs and SPD were oxidized by PUO, producing hydrogen peroxide. Quinone dye, derived from hydrogen peroxide generated in each end-point reaction, was measured spectrophotometrically at 555 nm, and the amounts of the respective amines in urine were calculated. Significantly elevated levels of DIA, SPD, SPM, and an elevated DIA to SPD ratio were found in urine from 46 cancer patients, as compared to 34 normal control subjects. An increase in DIA and the ratio of DIA to SPD was found at clinical tumor stage I of the alimentary tract. The levels of DIA remained fairly constant and the ratio of DIA to SPD was consistently decreased with advancing clinical tumor stages. In patients who had undergone curative resection, there were greater decreasing rates (80% of cases for DIA and 80% for SPD) than in patients who had undergone noncurative resection (45.5% for DIA and 36.4% for SPD).

Diamines↗
PubMed1985

Barium peritonitis. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of generalized peritonitis, secondary to a perforation of the rectosigmoid colon during barium-enema roentgenography, is presented. The patient required immediate surgical intervention with the prime importance of the treatment being removal of as much of the contaminating materials as possible. This was done successfully with irrigation and wiping, using urokinase solution. Peritoneal lavage with urokinase solution was also carried out in the early postoperative period. Fluid replacement with careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance is essential before, during, and after the surgical procedure. Adequate antibiotic therapy and careful respiratory and nutritional support are also important.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Preferential rearrangement of the immunoglobulin kappa chain joining region J kappa 1 and J kappa 2 segments in mouse spleen DNA.

The V kappa-KpnI family, which constitutes approximately equal to 36% of mouse kappa chain variable region gene (V kappa) segments, conserves the Kpn I site (G-G-T-A-C-C) at the position corresponding to residues 35-37. Using this cleavage site, we were able to assess the relative recombination frequency of the kappa chain joining region gene (J kappa) segments in mouse spleen DNA. The J kappa 1 and J kappa 2 segments were used 2- to 5-fold more frequently than were the J kappa 4 and J kappa 5 segments. The J kappa 3 segment was shown to be incapable of recombining with the V kappa segment. The relative recombination frequency of the J kappa segments did not change significantly by lipopolysaccharide stimulation of normal mouse spleens. The relative frequency of the J kappa usage was unaltered in immune disorders such as in nude (nu/nu), MRL (lpr/lpr), and BXSB mice. Seven V kappa-KpnI-J kappa 1 clones were isolated, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Two of them were derived from the identical germ-line V kappa segment but differed in the nucleotide sequence of the V-J junction. The maximal number of V kappa germ-line segments was estimated to be less than 300 by statistical calculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Radioreceptor assay for beta-adrenergic receptor-reactive catecholamines in serum samples.

A procedure for effective application of ultrafiltration is described for preparation of serum catecholamine samples suitable for a sensitive radioreceptor assay. Each of the fresh serum samples unsuitable for the direct receptor assay was dialyzed by applying centrifugal force into a capsule-shaped porous core whose surface was tightly covered with a molecular filtration membrane. Interfering macromolecular serum components were left outside the capsule during the centrifugation or forced dialysis. The ultrafiltrate in the capsule was readily recovered by another centrifugation, and was found satisfactory as an assay specimen. In the radioreceptor assay system adapted to detect 30 pg per assay tube, epinephrine added to fresh serum to make the final concentration approximately 1 X 10(-8) mol/L was recovered semiquantitatively. Serum catecholamine level determined was equivalent to beta-adrenergic receptor reactivity that could be expressed in terms of (-)-epinephrine concentration.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

[Cancer and the lymph nodes].

Lymph node metastasis of cancer has great significance with respect to its circumstances, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. In recent years, especially, we have experienced advances in the field of lymphatic circulation and the role played by lymph nodes in immunological surveillance. The various associated problems and the progress which has been made with regard to cancer and lymph nodes are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of cisplatin (CDDP) against peritonitis carcinomatosa in nude mice inoculated intraperitoneally with human gastric cancer].

Development of effective chemotherapy for patients with peritonitis carcinomatosa is considered to be very important in cancer management. In this study, intraperitoneal injection (ip) of cisdichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP, cisplatin) together with subcutaneous injection (sc) of sodium thiosulfate (STS), abbreviated as 2-channel chemotherapy, were discussed with regard to its safety and efficacy on peritonitis carcinomatosa using nude mice inoculated intraperitoneally with SCK-8 tumor cells derived from human gastric cancer. A single ip lethal dose (16 mg/kg) of CDDP reproducibly caused weight loss in nude mice and killed 100% of the nude mice by day 5 after injection. However, sc of STS (1,200 mg/kg) protected nude mice against a lethal dose of CDDP, and reduced CDDP-induced weight loss. Two-channel chemotherapy (CDDP 16 mg/kg ip + STS 1200 mg/kg sc) using nude mice with advanced peritonitis carcinomatosa produced a 45% increase of life span with a survival of 74.6 +/- 6.2 days (n = 8), compared with control nude mice with peritonitis carcinomatosa surviving 51.5 +/- 13.3 days (n = 11). Therefore, it is conceivable that 2-channel chemotherapy can be applied to the management of cancer patients with peritonitis carcinomatosa.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Immunohistochemical evidence for IgE mast cell-mediated allergy.

A surgical case of a middle-aged Japanese with eosinophilic gastroenteritis is described. This 50-year-old man presented protein-losing gastroenteropathy, iron-deficiency anemia, and marked elevation of serum IgE, in whom the lesion formed a diffuse thickening of almost the entire portion of the stomach. Microscopically, there was an intense infiltration of eosinophils throughout the whole thickness of the gastric wall, interspersed with plasma cells and lymphocytes. On the affected area, an increased number of IgE-positive plasma cells and surface IgE-positive mast cells, some of which are degranulated, were identified. These immunohistochemical findings provide a strong evidence for IgE mast cell-mediated allergy concerning this disorder.

Eosinophils↗
PubMed1985

The influence of family history of cancer, irradiation and anticancer medication (mitomycin C), on the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms with breast cancer--statistical analysis by the person-year method.

The influence of family history of cancer, radiation therapy and anticancer drug therapy (mitomycin C) on the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms, following treatment of a first primary cancer of the breast, was analyzed by the person-year method in 1,359 patients, in Japan. During 14,371.8 person-years of observation, 111 multiple primary neoplasms including bilateral breast cancers were found in 109 patients. The incidence rate of multiple primary neoplasms were 0.00772 per person-year. The incidence in patients with a family history of cancer was 1.29 times greater than that in patients without such a family history, and the incidence in patients with a family history of breast cancer was about three times greater than that in those without it (p less than 0.01). Radiation therapy raised the occurrence of subsequent primary neoplasms 1.28-fold (or 1.62 fold after 5 years), and mitomycin C (a total dose of 0.8 mg/kg) therapy caused no increase in the occurrence of subsequent primary cancers, after an observation of 10 years or so.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Low mobility T cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients: surface modification and mobility.

To elucidate how low-mobility T cells emerge in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, lymphocytes from normal individuals were treated with cancer patients' plasma, immunosuppressive (IS) substance with or without interleukin-2, or neuraminidase. A delay in cell mobility was induced by IS substance and neuraminidase treatments, which degrade the cell surface charge. Compared to the normal mobility pattern of lymphocytes, patterns induced by these treatments were characterized by a general shift of the fast cell peak to the left side. These patterns were different from those of cancer patients in terms of the inverse relationship between slow and fast peaks. These results indicate that, though humoral factors in the peripheral blood of cancer patients take a partial role, other mechanisms might operate to induce the characteristic mobility pattern of lymphocytes. One of the possibilities, the emerging of a special T cell subset recruited from the thymus, is discussed.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1985

[Influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nutritional incidences in patients with recurrent cancer].

The influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nutritional assessment of patients with recurrent cancer was studied. One hundred forty-six patients with recurrent gastric, colorectal and breast cancer who have been admitted to our hospital during the past five years were surveyed. Serum albumin and cholinesterase levels on admission in the gastric and breast cancer patients who died in the hospital were considerably lower than those of the patients who recovered sufficiently to be discharged from the hospital. The patients with recurrent gastric cancer who received TPN for more than a week were also analyzed. It was shown that those whose levels of serum total protein and albumin did not respond favorably to TPN were the patients with shortest survival. Therefore, by checking the response to the administration of TPN, it seems to be possible to predict the patient's prognosis.

Adult↗