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Biomedical subjects

M Nishi

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishi.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of the mass screenings for neuroblastoma in Japan. A study of 68 cases.

Sixty-eight cases of neuroblastoma detected during mass screening being performed by 11 local self-governing bodies of Japan were studied concerning age, clinical stage, and survival rate. Their average ages at the first screening, at the beginning of thorough examination, and at the start of therapy were 215.7, 245.6, and 264.7 days, respectively. This screening, which is aimed at the 6-month-old infants is considered to be acceptable, on the grounds that the majority of the cases (95.6%) were asymptomatic at the time of thorough examination, that for most of the cases (98.5%) the initiation of therapy was at under 1 year of age, and that their 60-month survival rate was 87.5%. However, there seems to be room for discussion of the best age at which subjects should be screened, because the 68 cases included some patients already with advanced stages at the time of thorough examination, and because "false negative cases" were identified besides the 68 positive cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Antrum preserving double tract method for reconstruction following proximal gastrectomy.

The antrum preserving double tract method was originally designed in order to gain the smooth transfer of larger foods through the duodenal route. Surgical improvement was then made at a few points when carrying out the anastomosis between the residual stomach and the jejunum. In the clinical field, this method is characterized by a better transfer of large foods into the duodenum than the conventional double tract method. The clinical investigation revealed that gastrin release remained after the operation due to both the good passage and the presence of food in the residual stomach. The antrum preserving double tract method is a reasonable and simple method which can maintain physiological pancreaticocibal synchronism.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Identification of putative endogenous proviral templates for progenitor mink cell focus-forming (MCF) MuLV-related RNAs.

Murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related RNAs exhibiting different env deletions are believed to participate in the generation of leukemogenic mink cell focus-forming (MCF) viruses. We have cloned an endogenous MuLV provirus from AKR/J mouse DNA, designated as A-2, which may serve as template for the env-deleted E2 MuLV RNA, expressed in GIX+ mice (D.E. Levy et al., J. Virol. 56, 691-700 (1985]. We have also isolated an endogenous MCF-related DNA, A-1, which shared close sequence homology with the 7.2-kb RNA expressed in AKR mice (F. Laigret et al., J. Virol. 62, 376-386 (1988] and sustained an identical env deletion. The data indicate that putative precursor MCF-related RNAs are transcribed from a heterogenous family of env-deleted endogenous MuLV DNAs.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Risk factors in relation to postoperative complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy or gastrectomy for cancer.

To clarify the risk factors contributing to postoperative complications in the elderly patients (over 70 years) undergoing esophagectomy and/or gastrectomy, 364 patients with primary cancer seen were evaluated. As a result, some characteristic patterns of stress response in the elderly could be detected as follows: the disorders of the vital organs were more important indices for the development of postoperative complications rather than age, and a reduction in the maximum response of the stress hormones to surgical procedures in aged patients was noted; moreover, the functional variability of target organ in the aged group was confirmed. Studies on the hormonal response to surgery suggest that the restriction of fluid replacement is advisable until the third postoperative day, maintaining the host on the dry side, to prevent cardiopulmonary complications. As the nutritional status in the patients with esophageal and gastric cancer goes from bad to worse with the advancing clinical stages, adequate perioperative nutrition is imperative to prevent complications such as anastomotic leakage, wound dehiscence, and/or infections. For the treatment of anastomotic leaks after esophagectomy and esophagogastrectomy, more than 45 kcal/kg/d must be provided, and the serum albumin level must be restored to 3.5 g/dL in order to achieve spontaneous healing of small anastomotic leakages.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Modified surgical treatment of tumors].

Reduced operation is generally considered to make an operative damage smaller than that of standard operation among various techniques used for the surgical treatment of solid cancer. The factors of recent increases in reduced operation cases are: 1) increases in the detection of early cancers; 2) improvement of the understanding of cancer cell spread; 3) reconsideration of standard operation as well as extensive operation; 4) development of effective combined therapy; 5) increases in aged patients; and 6) demands for functional conservation.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Early invasive mucinous carcinoma of the breast].

Cases of early invasive mucinous carcinoma of the breast have been reviewed. Microscopically, a typical lesion exhibits leakage of cancerous mucus into the stromal tissue from an intraductal carcinomatous component which were shown to be mucus-producing and to be lower papillary projection. Among 5,360 primary breast cancers that had been mastectomized at the C.I.H., 11 or 0.21% were determined as being "early" cases. All of these cases exhibited "pure type" mucinous carcinomas which were found to be highly mucus. The average age of these patients was 41 years (range: 34-51 yrs.), and no cases showed a nodal involvement. During an average follow-up of 8 years, no recurrent case were found. Thus, we have found that these "early" cases revealed an early invasion of a mucinous carcinoma that is highly mucus-producing but without an invasive ductal carcinomatous pattern.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

[Effective anticancer agents and the advance of surgical technics in tumors].

Functions and cosmetic features are markedly damaged by extensive or standard operation. Furthermore, high-risk cancers with poor prognosis have been considered to be strong candidates for intensive care since early times. Pediatric solid tumors and sarcomas of the bone soft tissue are included in these cases. Although the enlargement of surgical invasion directly corresponds to the improvement of radicalness in many cases, ultra-enlargement does not always reflect ultra-radicalness, rather resulting in acute exacerbation due to the spreading of cancer cells. Because an extent of cancer is sometimes estimated to be larger than its actual area, useless and dangerous extensive operation may be undertaken. The development of effective drugs and the advance of irradiation techniques contribute to the improvement of surgical results in combination with the advance of operative techniques.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

Immunological abnormalities in human interleukin-2 or interleukin-2/interleukin-2 receptor L chain transgenic mice.

We constructed two strains of transgenic mice that carry the cDNA of either human interleukin-2 (IL-2) or the L chain of its receptor under the control of the H-2Kd promoter. The IL-2 transgenic mice expressed human IL-2 mRNA in the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lung, muscle, and skin. Human IL-2 protein was also detected in their sera. The IL-2 transgenic mice suffered from dermatitis and pneumonia. Immune responses of their spleen cells against antigens were significantly impaired whereas their spleen cells responded well to polyclonal lymphocyte activators, suggesting that constitutive expression of IL-2 might have affected the repertoire formation of T cells in the mice. The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) transgenic mice were healthy. We crossed the IL-2 and IL-2R transgenic mice to yield hybrid mice expressing both the ligand and the receptor constitutively. The life span of the hybrid mice was remarkably shortened. In addition to several abnormalities found in the IL-2 transgenic mice, spleen cells of the hybrid mice showed the strong natural killer activity which was ascribed to a large number (18%) of Thy-1+/CD3-cells unique to their spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Nutritional support as an adjunct to the treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancer patients--esophageal and gastric cancer].

Patients with cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as the esophagus and stomach are malnourished as a result of their cancer-bearing status. In such patients, malnutrition reduces the effects of anti-cancer therapy including surgical treatment. Therefore, we studied the effect of nutritional support in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer. The incidence of postoperative complications was correlated with the preoperative nutritional status. Thus, improvement of nutritional status by preoperative nutritional support is thought to be important. As metabolic disturbances frequently accompany advanced cancer, the quantity of calories and quality of nutritional regimen were found to be important for improving such metabolic disorders. In the postoperative period, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) prevented the depression of cell-mediated immunity, increased the tolerance to anti-cancer drugs during chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery, and prolonged the disease-free interval, in patients undergoing absolute non-curative gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. The results of chemotherapy were better in recurrent upper gastrointestinal cancer patients whose nutritional parameters were in a favorable range on admission or improved after 2 weeks of TPN.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of risk grouping methods for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

Four criteria for the risk grouping of children's acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG) in Japan, Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and Children's Cancer Study Group (CCG-141) in the USA, Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Study Group (BFM) in West Germany, were applied retrospectively to 109 patients with the disease who had been treated randomly in Sapporo National Hospital from 1978 to 1986. No significant difference in respect of survival curve was found in most combinations between low- and intermediate-risk groups, nor among either low- or intermediate-risk groups (P greater than 0.10, Cox-Mantel's test). Among the four high-risk groups formed by the application of these criteria, no significant difference was noted (P greater than 0.10), but there were significant differences between the high-risk and the low- or intermediate-risk groups (P less than 0.05 or 0.10). With such results, a comparison of therapeutic results in high-risk groups yielded by different study groups would appear to be not only possible but useful, for example, in improving therapeutic methods.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

[Increases in the modified surgery in early cancers].

Early cancers are small in size and localized; many of them have no infiltration or metastasis. It has been gradually clarified what procedure of reduced operation can be feasible without fail to its radicalness to what type of early cancer, as a result of detailed studies on the findings concerning the development of early cancers as well as evaluations of recurrent cases and distant results. Techniques of reduced operation for the treatment of cancers of the thyroid, mammary glands, female reproductive organs and stomach have been improved as early cancer patients increase in number and our understanding of the pathogenesis of early cancers is promoted.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Modified surgery and combination with radiotherapy in tumors].

Radiotherapy is more commonly employed in Western countries than in Japan. This therapy is highly effective according to a site and kind of cancer, and is superior to surgical treatment, not in a few, as for functional conservation, safety and radicalness. Reduced operation for the treatment of cancer occurring in the head or neck, ophthalmological tumor and skin cancer is herein discussed from a standpoint of the combination mainly with radiotherapy.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Modified surgical methods in gastrointestinal and lung cancers].

There are such cancers as that they are rarely detected during an early stage, they show poor prognosis even though being small in size, and that it is difficult to perform reduced operation on them for the purpose of functional conservation. Cancers of the lung, esophagus, rectum, liver, gallbladder and pancreas are included in these cancers for the present. Bronchoplasty for lung cancer, nervous conservation for rectum cancer, and conservative operation to keep a natural anus have been widely performed. At the present time, it has been still difficult to undertake reduced operation for the treatment of esophageal cancer and liver-biliary-pancreatic cancer without damages to the radicalness. Unfortunately, anticancer agents or irradiation has shown no satisfactory effects on the above mentioned cancers. However, radial effects are now obtained from some techniques; they are, laser irradiation for very early cancer of the bronchus and esophagus, and plypectomy for small and early rectal cancer.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1988

[Distribution of recurrent lesions after radical resection of cancer of the thoracic esophagus].

In 150 patients who got cancer recurrence after curative resection for cancer of the thoracic esophagus, the sites where recurrent lesions were clinically detected for the first time were examined. The distribution of recurrent lesions in patients who did not undergo neck dissection at the operation (group A) differed from the distribution in those who underwent neck dissection (group B). Cervical and/or upper mediastinal recurrence occurred in 49% of cases in group A and in 11% of group B. On the contrary, middle or lower mediastinal recurrence was more often in group B. The distribution of recurrent lesions varied depending on the state of lymph node metastasis detected at surgery. Cervical and upper mediastinal recurrence was much more frequent than hematogenic recurrence in cases without lymph node involvement in group A, while hematogenic recurrence was more frequent in cases with both mediastinal and abdominal lymph node metastasis. In the upper mediastinum, recurrence along the recurrent laryngeal nerves was most frequent and it was supposed to have developed from residual lymphatic metastases. In the middle and lower mediastinum, recurrent lesions were located around the left main bronchus and descending aorta, and cancer infiltration of the neighboring organs was frequent. Recurrence at the abdominal paraaortic nodes was observed mainly in cases with perigastric lymph node involvement.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease in Brazil.

A retrospective analysis of 33 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH disease) seen in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1976 to 1985 at a uveitis referral clinic revealed that VKH disease represents 2.5% of the total uveitis cases seen. All cases were bilateral, 30% being men and 70% women. The ethnic distribution was the following: 60% white (with variable Indian or black extraction), 24% darkly pigmented, 9% Orientals (Sansei, third-generation Japanese) and 6% black. The frequency among Orientals was 7 times higher than what would be expected according to the relative frequency of Japanese in the Brazilian population. The age distribution at the onset of the disease was as follows: 12% less than 20 years of age, 60% between 20 and 40 years of age and 27% over 40 years of age. The disease was classified into 3 types with variable extraocular signs. Type I disease was present in 24% of the patients, type II in 51% and type III disease in 24% of the patients. Cataract was present in 40% of the cases and glaucoma was present in 9%. No correlation was found between sex, age at onset, race, type of extraocular involvement and number of extraocular manifestations in considering either visual status or visual prognosis. All patients were treated with systemic steroids. Most of them also received cytotoxic immunosuppressive agents. In this uncontrolled clinical study cytotoxic drug-treated patients seemed to have a better clinical course.

Adolescent↗