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Biomedical subjects

M Nishi

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishi.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A case-control study of non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of children in Hokkaido, Japan.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in cases identified as of non-T cell type, stage I-IV. DESIGN: The study was a case-control investigation. Data were obtained by interview with parents of cases and controls. SETTING: The study was community based and was carried out in Hokkaido, Japan. SUBJECTS: 63 cases were identified. Controls (two for each case) were matched for sex, age and place of residence. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In univariate analysis, BCG vaccination, measles infection, measles vaccination, atopy, hip x ray, and milk intake of mother during pregnancy had significantly low odds ratios (ie, were less likely to be associated with leukaemia), while dental x rays for carious teeth and contact with animals at time of diagnosis had high odds ratios (more likely to be associated with leukaemia). In conditional logistic regression analysis employing these seven factors, measles infection/vaccination, BCG, atopy and dental x ray remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Leukaemia subtypes are likely to have specific aetiologies. Future epidemiological research in leukaemia should take this into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cases of neuroblastoma missed by the mass screening programs.

Twenty-two reported cases of neuroblastoma missed by the mass screening programs were reviewed (six cases in Sapporo City where a quantitative measurement for both vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) is used and 16 cases in the districts of qualitative judgment only for VMA), and some potential factors for missing a patient were discussed. Most of the 22 patients were diagnosed over 12 mo and had advanced clinical stages at diagnosis (III or IV). Of the 17 cases whose outcome in prognosis was available, nine cases were dead and only three cases were alive without any trace of tumor. Fluctuation in the amounts of urinary VMA and HVA seemed to be one of the causes for missing a patient, especially with a small tumor. The comparison about tumor wt, VMA and HVA amounts, and clinical stage between the 22 true positive cases in Sapporo City and 46 ones in the districts of qualitative methods, and the difference in detection rate between the two groups suggested that the qualitative methods missed more patients with a small tumor. The patients who had abnormally high amounts of HVA with low amounts of VMA accounted for a fairly large part of the missed cases in Sapporo City as well as in the districts of qualitative methods. To the contrary, no patient of this type was found even among the 22 true positive cases in Sapporo City.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Human islet amyloid polypeptide gene: complete nucleotide sequence, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary history.

The gene-encoding human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), a recently discovered 37 amino acid hormone-like polypeptide which is expressed in the insulin-producing beta-cells of the endocrine pancreas, has been isolated and characterized. The coding region of the gene is interrupted in the 5'-untranslated region and NH2-terminal propeptide by introns of 330 and 4808 base pairs (bp), respectively. Exon 1 (104 bp) encodes most of the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA; exon 2 (95 bp) encodes 15 nucleotides of 5'-untranslated region, the putative 22 amino acid signal peptide and five residues of the NH2-terminal propeptide; exon 3 (1246 bp) encodes the remainder of the NH2-terminal propeptide (residues 6-9), the IAPP moiety and its processing signals and the 16 amino acid COOH-terminal propeptide, as well as the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA (1059 bp). Analysis of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of intron 2 of the hIAPP gene did not reveal any homology with the structurally related calcitonin/calcitonin-gene-related peptide genes and indicated that, in contrast to these latter genes, the hIAPP gene apparently gives rise to only a single hormonal product. The transcriptional initiation site was identified about 28 bp downstream from a TATAA sequence. The hIAPP gene was localized to the p12.3 region of chromosome 12.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

An artifact in the ESR spectrum obtained by spin trapping with DMPO.

In order to overcome a common problem in spin trapping with high concentrations of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) where ESR spectra are obtained which include an unidentified set of lines composed of a triplet of doublets, commercial DMPO was analyzed for its impurities by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It has been determined that this undesirable ESR spectrum is due to an impurity included in the spin trap. This compound has been assigned to the hydroxylamine which is a DMPO-derivative having an epoxy ring located at the 2 and 3 positions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Penetrating keratoplasty in the rat: a model for the study of immunosuppressive treatment of graft rejection.

The present study reports corneal allogeneic transplantation in a rat model. The technique used was full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty. Fisher rats were used as donors and Lewis rats were used as recipients. The rate of acute rejection obtained in this model with this combination of strains was 100%. It therefore seems to be a very useful model for the study of rejection and for the study of new immunosuppressive treatment. The effect of systemic cyclosporine (CsA) treatment on graft rejection was assessed using this model. Rejection was prevented by CsA as long as treatment was given but occurred in most grafts within 10 days of treatment cessation. Thus, tolerance could not be induced with CsA which, however, significantly reduced graft neovascularization.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Indications for total gastrectomy combined with pancreaticosplenectomy in the treatment of middle gastric cancer].

Of 1725 patients with middle gastric cancer (M, MA, MC) on whom radical surgery was performed (except for absolute non-curative resection) from 1960 to 1984 at the Cancer Institute Hospital, 238 patients in whom total gastrectomy or proximal partial gastrectomy combined with pancreaticosplenectomy was carried out, were submitted for both clinico-pathological and prognostic examination. The following results were obtained: 1. There are few indications for total gastrectomy plus pancreaticosplenectomy in patients with middle gastric cancer in which the lesions are superficial or semi-superficial. 2. For patients in whom the cancer occupies portions of the greater curvature, on posterior wall of the stomach, the whole stomach, or is of a non-localized type, the metastatic rate of lymph nodes No (10) or lymph nodes No (11) is high, then total gastrectomy plus pancreaticosplenectomy should be considered. 3. Lymph nodes No (2), (4d), (4sb) (7) and (9) can be good indices indicating presence or absence of metastasis of lymph nodes No (10) and lymph nodes No (11). 4. Radical surgery as well as effective adjuvant therapy are required for gastric cancer with invasion of the serosa.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1989

[Quantitative assessment of aqueous flare intensity and cell count in uveitis].

In an attempt to evaluate the validity of the laser flare-cell meter in in iridocyclitis, we conducted a comparative study of slit-lamp examination and flare-cell meter measurements in 251 eyes of uveitis patients. A significant correlation was observed between the two methods both in the measurement of flare intensity (Kendall tau = 0.580, p less than 0.001) and cell count (tau = 0.390, p less than 0.001). However, there were wide variations in grading within groups and large overlaps in scores between groups. These results were thought to be attributable to differences in the two examination methods. Flare-cell meter demonstrated high sensitivity for flare measurements, while there were some cases where low numbers of cells, which could be observed by a slit-lamp, were undetectable by the flare-cell meter. Patients with Behçet's disease were divided into three groups based on the interval from an ocular attack episode. Flare-cell meter examination revealed that flare intensity values remained abnormally high even in patients free from an attack episode for more than six months prior to the examination (p less than 0.001). It was considered that disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier exists permanently in patients with Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefodizime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

We have conducted pharmacokinetic and clinical trials of a new cephem derivative, cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), and obtained the following results. 1. We administered CDZM to 4 cases with abdominal simple hysterectomy due to myoma uteri at a dose level of 1 g by drip intravenous injection and studied average levels of transfer measured at various locations in the uterine tissues and adnexa at an average of 2 hours after administration. CDZM level was highest in the oviduct, 13.7 micrograms/g (ratio with respect to the uterine arterial blood: 91.3%), followed by the ovary, portio vaginalis, cervix uteri and endometrium, and was lowest in the myometrium, 8.3 micrograms/g (55.3%). CDZM concentrations were higher than 6.04 micrograms/g in any tissues. 2. To study CDZM transfer to pelvic cavity fluid, we administered CDZM to 5 cases with total hysterectomy due to cervical cancer of uteri at a dose level of 2 g using drip intravenous injection. The drug was transferred at high levels to the pelvic cavity fluid. A level of 11.7 micrograms/ml was observed at 3 hours after injection. The drug levels in the pelvic cavity fluid were maintained continuously higher levels than those of venous blood. These concentrations in the uterine tissues and pelvic cavity fluid were higher than the MIC against many strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, hence we considered them to be therapeutically effective concentrations. 3. Eleven cases of gynecological infections receiving in totals of 8 to 48 g of CDZM demonstrated "excellent" results in 3 cases, "good" in 8 cases. Eight strains of organisms were isolated from 10 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

A review has been made of the results of surgical treatment of 8,000 cases of gastric cancer treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, between 1946 and 1986. Resectability was 89.6%, and operative mortality 1.9%. The five-year survival rate was 37.4% for all cases, 59.4% for patients with curative surgery, and 5.0% for those with non-curative surgery. The curative rate improved more than twofold over 41 years among the patients with curative gastrectomy. No one survived more than five years who had visible tumor left after the surgery. Improvement was attributed to the increase in the incidence of early gastric cancer, and in part to surgery including systemic lymphadenectomy and combined resection of adjacent organs involved by cancer. Extensive intervention might be justifiable to eradicate the tumor when the surgery is curative, or relatively non-curative. Multimodality therapy is needed for the control of advanced cancer.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1989

[Cutaneous malignant lymphoma in childhood].

Two cases of malignant lymphoma in childhood were studied. The first case was a Japanese girl aged 8, in whom the primary site was skin of the right temple. The second case was a 4-year-old Japanese boy, who had metastases to the abdominal skin. Histochemical findings indicated B-cell lineage in both cases. Primary cutaneous lymphoma is extremely rare in childhood. Fourteen such cases that have been reported in Japan and our case added to them, were reviewed. The relationship between their morphologic, immunohistochemical and clinical findings were summarized and discussed. Although the prognosis of lymphoma confined to skin in childhood has been reported not to be bad as compared with other types of lymphoma, our first such case was fatal. This suggests that appropriate initial treatment is very important. Recent advances in science may clarify the clinical and biologic characteristics of this tumor in the near future.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative assessment of aqueous flare and cells in uveitis.

Validity of the laser flare-cell meter in uveitis was evaluated. A comparative study of slit-lamp examination and flare-cell meter measurements was carried out in the evaluation of iridocyclitis in a total of 251 measurements in patients with uveitis of various etiologies, including Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease and sarcoidosis. The data obtained by these two methods showed a significant overall correlation both in the measurement of flare intensity (Kendall tau = 0.580, P less than 0.001) and cell count (tau = 0.390, P less than 0.001). Problems inherent to the slit-lamp examination were marked in terms of wide variations in grading within groups and large overlaps in scores between groups. The flare-cell meter was highly reliable in the measurement of flare intensity; whereas it could not detect low numbers of cells in some cases. Ninety-one eyes of patients with Behçet's disease were divided into three groups based on the interval from the last ocular attack episode. The flare-cell meter examination revealed that values for flare intensity remained abnormally high even in patients free from an attack episode for more than six months prior to the examination. It was considered that deterioration or breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier function persists in patients with Behçet's disease.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1989

[A ten-year-old autistic girl with neuroleptic malignant syndrome caused by neuroleptic agents].

We reported a ten-year-old autistic girl who had developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) caused by administration of neuroleptic agents, haloperidol and chlorpromazine, because of her behavioral disorders. She had fever (38.4 degrees C) and elevated CK (796 IU). Her extrapyramidal symptoms and autonomic disturbance improved gradually after discontinuation of these drugs. However, altered consciousness did not change for three months despite treatment with L-DOPA, bromocriptine, dantrolene Na, biperiden, diltiazeM HCL and diazepam. Administration of amantadine HCL dramatically cleared not only the persistent symptom but also extrapyramidal symptoms and autonomic disturbance. She recovered from NMS one month later. The study of this case indicated that these neuroleptic drugs could cause NMS also in children. Therefore, the use of them in children with behavioral problems should be carefully evaluated clinically. It was concluded that NMS in this case occurred due to a defective dopamine release from presynaptic vesicles because L-DOPA was not effective and amantadine HCL was effective against these symptoms.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Expression of functional interleukin-2 receptors in human light chain/Tac transgenic mice.

The growth of mature T lymphocytes is regulated by interaction between interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor. Three distinct binding sites for IL-2, namely low- (Kd 10 nM), intermediate- (Kd 100 pM) and high- (Kd 10 pM) affinity sites, have been found on human and primate T lymphocytes. Chemical crosslinking of labelled IL-2 to human T cells shows that two polypeptide chains, p55 (L chain) and p75 (H chain), bind IL-2 with low and intermediate affinities respectively. The high-affinity binding was shown to arise from ternary complex formation of IL-2, L and H chains. Construction of mutants of the L-chain complementary DNA indicated that the L chain is not directly involved in growth signal transduction. Nevertheless, expression of the IL-2 receptor L chain is tightly regulated by antigen or mitogen stimulation. To investigate the L chain function, we have produced transgenic mice using human L-chain cDNA of the IL-2 receptor under the control of a constitutive promoter. Studies on the L-chain transgenic mice showed that functionally active IL-2 receptors with high affinity were expressed on unstimulated spleen and thymus cells. The results indicate that the H chain of the IL-2 receptor is constitutively expressed in T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary complications after subtotal oesophagectomy.

The postoperative pulmonary complications in 25 patients undergoing subtotal oesophagectomy for intrathoracic oesophageal carcinoma during the 3-year period 1981-1983 were compared with those of 25 patients undergoing surgery from 1984 to 1986. Although more extensive lymphadenectomies were performed from 1984, the mortality rate caused by the postoperative pulmonary complications was zero in the later period (1984-1986) compared with a rate of 16 per cent in the earlier period (1981-1983). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was lower in the later series but the difference was not statistically significant. Factors which may have contributed to the decrease in critical pulmonary complications after surgery during the later period were the selection of the posterior mediastinal route for reconstruction, the introduction of selective endobronchial intubation by a double lumen tube with combined epidural anaesthesia, fluid restriction during and after surgery, postoperative mobilization and the administration of an expectorant.

Aged↗