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Biomedical subjects

M Nishi

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishi.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Congenital esophagobronchial fistula communicated to esophageal diverticulum, report of a case].

We encountered a successful repair of congenital esophagobronchial fistula communicated to esophageal diverticulum. A 35 year-old-female has had frequent episodes of pneumonia since her 1st delivery. Barium esophagogram revealed a fistulous tract between the esophageal diverticulum and the right lower lobe bronchus. Bronchogram showed a ectatic dilatation at B6a and B6c. The resection of diverticulum and right lower lobectomy including the removal of fistulous tract were carried out. Histological examination of the resected fistula revealed a smooth connection between squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium. And muscularis mucosa was maintained with no evidence of inflammatory changes. So this case was diagnosed a Braimbridge I type esophagobronchial fistula. In Japan 21 cases of congenital esophagobronchial fistula with diverticulum have been reported. It is assumed that three histological findings as mentioned above is important for the diagnosis of congenital esophagobronchial fistula.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance imaging of the ovarian cyst: its diagnostic value of endometrial cyst.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing the ovarian cyst was reviewed with emphasis on its diagnostic value of endometrial cyst. 94 cystic ovarian masses in 77 patients were evaluated using 0.15 Tesla MRI just before laparotomy at Okayama University Hospital from 1984 to 1987 and these images were followed up by histopathological data. From these obtained images, 6 parameters; that is (1) laterality and (2) delineation of the cyst, (3) presence or absence of septal image, and (4) homogeneity, (5) signal intensity and (6) T1 value of the cyst contents, were extracted and analyzed respectively. In 95.5% of endometrial cysts, homogenous internal pattern was observed in all 3 images (short spin echo (SE), inversion recovery (IR) and long SE) and its signal intensity was at the same level or higher than that of myometrium. On the other hand, in all cases of follicular cyst, para-ovarian cyst, corpus luteum cyst and in 95.0% of serous cystadenoma and in 90.9% of mucinous cystadenoma, cyst contents showed either lower signal intensity than the myometrium or similar to it in T1 contrast images (short SE and IR). 93.1% of dermoid cyst showed heterogenous signal intensity in all 3 images and their signal intensity levels were widely ranging. High signal intensity of cyst contents in all 3 images could be observed in 72.7% of endometrial cyst, 5.0% of serous cystadenoma with internal hemorrhage, 9.1% of mucinous cystadenoma with internal hemorrhage and 3.4% of dermoid cyst consisted of fatty tissue only. Endometrial cyst showed markedly shortened T1 value (209.6 +/- 102.7 ms) and the other hemorrhagic cyst showed comparatively short value (360-970 ms). On the other hand, T1 value of non hemorrhagic cyst was as high as the level of urine. All of endometrial cysts were clearly defined from the other pelvic structures. In result, endometrial cysts were found to exhibit the characteristic findings in MRI images such as homogenous high signal intensity of internal fluid and clear delineation of cyst contour. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI in endometrial cyst were considered 96.8% in our cases.

Cystadenoma↗
PubMed1990

Urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid levels in randomly-sampled urine for the mass screening of neuroblastoma.

Employing 421 urine samples taken randomly from normal infants and 294 samples from infants with neuroblastoma, we investigated the application of values of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and square root of VMA2 + HVA2 to discriminate between patients and normal infants. The establishment of an HVA cut-off level is virtually impossible because of its low sensitivity. In contrast, VMA sensitivity is high, and that of square root of VMA2 + HVA2 is very similar to that of VMA although it includes HVA. Although VMA appears to be able to discriminate well, discrimination employing VMA alone would be dangerous because cases with normal VMA and abnormal HVA would be missed, especially in the first screening for which a mechanical discrimination is performed. Overlooking such cases can be avoided by the adoption of the function square root of VMA2 + HVA2. The present study suggests that the combined use of variables can be more effective than using them separately.

Homovanillic Acid↗
PubMed1990

[Study of breast cancers during pregnancy and lactation].

From breast cancer cases that were mastectomized between 1970 and 1987 at the Cancer Institute Hospital, 43 breast cancers during phases of pregnancy and lactation (pregnancy 11 cases, lactation 32 cases) have been analyzed. Taking the patient's age and the calendar-year at the time of diagnosis into account, we collected 43 cases as controls and compared the result. It was found that breast cancers during pregnancy and lactation metastasized to the lymph nodes at the same frequency as in the control cases, in lymph node-positive cases and in tumors of the same size the metastases involved more lymph nodes than in the control cases. Further, the survival rate of breast cancers during pregnancy and lactation was poorer in the lymph node-positive cases than in the controls. Therefore, we have concluded that pregnancy and lactation promote the progress of a metastatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A clinical study of 76 cases in carcinoma of the colon and rectum with metastasis to the peri-aortic lymph nodes. With particular reference to the skip metastasis in carcinoma of the sigmoid colon to the peri-aortic lymph nodes].

The therapeutic result by tumorous site were evaluated in 76 cases of carcinoma of the colon and rectum with the confirmed presence of metastasis to the peri-aortic lymph nodes. The results revealed that significant good out-comes were noted in the relatively non-curative cases of carcinoma of the sigmoid colon, with particularly good prognosis being found in six cases with skip metastasis. There was a 26.1% (6/23) incidence of the skip metastasis in carcinoma of the sigmoid colon with the peri-aortic lymph nodes metastasis. We confirmed two lymphatic routes of the skip metastasis; one route was from the lymph nodes near the tumor to the para-aortic lymph nodes directly, and the other was from the lymph nodes near the tumor to the lymph nodes at the aortic diffract directly and finally to the para-aortic lymph nodes. In the all six cases, the peri-aortic lymph nodes metastasis occurred only in inferior site of the inferior mesenteric artery. The average number of the peri-aortic lymph nodes metastasis were as few as 1.7 in these cases. The prognosis was favorable with three of the six cases scoring a three-year survival and included a five-year survival case.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Expansion of natural killer cells but not T cells in human interleukin 2/interleukin 2 receptor (Tac) transgenic mice.

Transgenic mice expressing both human IL-2 and the L chain of IL-2-R constitutively had an unusual expansion of Thy-1+/CD3-4-8- large granular lymphocytes, which bore the elevated NK activity. Unexpectedly, the transgenic mice had neither T cell expansion nor autoreactive antibodies. The increase in number and activity of NK cells seems to be responsible for both the severe interstitial pneumonia and lymphocyte depletion in the spleen that we found in these transgenic mice. In addition, we found the selective loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the mice, which gave rise to their disturbed gait. All the transgenic mice died by 4 wk of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Japanese experience of screening.

In Sapporo City, the mass-screening for neuroblastoma concerning the urine of infants at about 6 months of age, started in 1981. After 1984, the quantitative determination of VMA, HVA in the urine was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography from the first step. About 104,000 babies have received the screening during the last 7 years, and 19 patients were found (incidence of detection 1:5,500). Except for one, who died of the duodenal perforation shortly after the surgery, all other patients are surviving free from disease. Among 10,000 neonates, we determined urinary concentration of VMA, HVA, and no positive cases were found. However, from this group, 2 patients we detected by the mass-screening at 6 months of age (1:5,000). After the start of mass-screening, the number of the patients with this tumor in much earlier stages and younger ages increased, clarifying that the main cause for improvement of the survival rates of neuroblastoma in Sapporo.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

Stimulation by transforming growth factor-beta of epidermal growth factor-dependent growth of aged human fibro-blasts: recovery of high affinity EGE receptors and growth stimulation by EGF.

The stimulatory effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent growth of adult and newborn human fibroblasts were investigated. EGF-stimulated growth in low serum of dermal fibroblasts from a 41 year-old adult (HSF-41) was less than half that of newborn foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). The EGF-stimulated growth of HFF after 55 population doublings (HFF-55) was similarly reduced. The decreased growth response to EGF of fibroblasts aged in vivo and in vitro appeared to result principally from a decreased sensitivity to EGF due to a decreased number and affinity of high affinity EGF receptors (H-EGFR). Pre-incubation of HSF-41 and HFF-55 with 25 pM TGF-beta enhanced the growth responses of these cells to EGF and increased the levels of high affinity EGF-binding by these cells. Thus, the stimulation by TGF-beta of EGF-dependent growth of human fibroblasts aged in vivo or in vitro is mediated by increased levels of high affinity EGF binding.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Structural and functional alterations in the gut of parenterally or enterally fed rats.

Various regimens of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and enteral feeding were compared to determine their effects on the structural and functional changes of rat small intestine. Male Wistar rats, allocated randomly into five groups on the basis of delivery route and composition of nutrients, were fed as follows: standard rat chow ad libitum (CE-2 group), low-residue diet (LRD group), LRD supplemented with 1% (w/v) fiber (LRD + fiber group), elemental diet (ED group), and TPN (TPN group). At 2 weeks of feeding, villi in the terminal ileum decreased in height in the following order: CE-2 group greater than LRD + fiber group greater than LRD group greater than ED group greater than TPN group. Mucosal diamine oxidase activity remained unchanged in the CE-2 group and LRD + fiber group throughout the experimental period. However, mucosal diamine oxidase values were significantly lower in the remaining three groups, similar to the structural changes, and those values in the ED group were significantly decreased at 2, 3, and 4 weeks. There was a positive correlation between plasma diamine oxidase level and mucosal diamine oxidase content, with a coefficient correlation of y = 0.20x + 0.03, r = 0.55 (P less than 0.01). These results could be interpreted to indicate that addition of dietary fiber to LRD has a favorable effect on the maintenance of intestinal architecture and function during enteral feeding, and plasma diamine oxidase activity can be used as an index of functional and/or structural changes occurring in the small intestine during enteral or parenteral feedings.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1989

Conservation of the sequence of islet amyloid polypeptide in five mammals is consistent with its putative role as an islet hormone.

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a 37-amino acid peptide found in the pancreatic amyloid deposits of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and insulinomas. We previously reported the nucleotide sequence of a human cDNA, which indicated that IAPP is a C-terminally amidated peptide derived by proteolytic processing of an 89-amino acid precursor. We now report the isolation of cDNA clones coding for cat, rat, mouse, and guinea pig IAPP precursors, obtained using the combination of "amplification of homologous DNA fragments" (AHF) and "rapid amplification of cDNA ends" (RACE). The predicted structure of IAPP precursors from these four mammals revealed that the IAPP moiety of each is derived from an 89- to 93-amino acid precursor by proteolytic processing and is likely to be amidated at the C terminus. The predicted amino acid sequence identities between the IAPP domains of these four mammals and human IAPP were 89% (cat), 84% (rat and mouse), and 78% (guinea pig). Within the IAPP domains, the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequences are very highly conserved among the mammals, as is also the case with a structurally related neuropeptide, calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), suggesting that IAPP and CGRP interact with similar though not identical receptors. By contrast, the N- and C-terminal propeptides of the IAPP precursor show very little sequence conservation, which suggests that these regions do not represent additional biologically active molecules. Interspecies variations in the amino acid sequence of residues 20-29 of IAPP may account for the presence of amyloid deposits in the islets of humans and cats and their absence in rats and mice.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Effects of the deregulated expression of human interleukin-2 in transgenic mice.

We constructed transgenic mice that carry the cDNA of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) under the control of the H-2Kd promoter. The IL-2 transgenic mice expressed human IL-2 mRNA in the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lung, muscle and skin. Human IL-2 protein was also detected in their sera. The IL-2 transgenic mice suffered from alopecia and pneumonia, but no typical autoimmune reactions seemed to be involved in these lesions. In the epidermis of the IL-2 transgenic mice there was an increase in Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells (DEC), which might be involved in the skin lesion. Immune responses of their spleen cells against antigens were significantly impaired whereas their spleen cells responded well to polyclonal lymphocyte activators.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1989

Mother's attitudes towards the mass screening of neuroblastoma.

Two hundred and two mothers whose infants participated in mass screening of neuroblastoma in Sapporo City, and 200 mothers whose infants did not, were interviewed about their attitudes towards the mass screening. Only a few non-participants (3.5%) thought the mass screening was unnecessary. More than half of non-participations (56.0%) were due to mothers' forgetfulness or to loss of the "Neuroblastoma Screening Examination Set" during the two months' interval between the delivery of the set and the sample submission. Mailing of the set at six months for the purpose of eliminating this interval would greatly reduce such neglect of the mass screening. On the other hand, not many infants would participate in re-screening for detection of false negative cases, since the percentage of mothers who were willing to make their children take part in re-screening for a fee of 1,000 yen (about 7 U.S. dollars, which would be administratively necessary) was less than 60%.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Requirement of the single base insertion at the 3' end of the env-related gene of Friend spleen focus-forming virus for pathogenic activity and its effect on localization of the glycoprotein product (gp55).

In order to obtain evidence for the essential role of the single base insertion occurring at the 3' end of the env-related gene of Friend spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) encoding the leukemogenic glycoprotein (gp55) a mutant SFFV genome was constructed in which the segment of the gp55 gene of the polycythemia-inducing strain of SFFV containing the single base insertion and the 6-base-pair duplication was replaced by the corresponding sequence of the Friend murine leukemia virus env gene. The mutant SFFV-Friend murine leukemia virus complex did not induce symptoms of the erythroproliferative disease in adult DBA/2 mice. During passage through newborn DBA/2 mice, the mutant virus complex invariably gave rise to weakly pathogenic variant SFFVs. All of the variant SFFVs induced in adult DBA/2 mice a transient mild splenomegaly associated with normal or slightly low hematocrit value, and they produced gp55 with a molecular weight similar to that of gp55 of the wild-type SFFV. For the two isolates of variant SFFV, the 3' portion of the viral DNA intermediate containing the 3' portion of the gp55 gene was molecularly cloned. Nucleotide sequences of these biologically active cloned DNAs were determined and showed that the variant SFFV genomes arose from the mutant SFFV genome by regaining the single base insertion, indicating that the single base insertion is essential for the biological activity of gp55. Evidence is presented indicating that the single base insertion which causes a loss of the cytoplasmic domain of the env-related protein is not related to the localization of the further-glycosylated form of gp55 in the plasma membrane but is involved with the release of gp55 from cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗