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Biomedical subjects

M Miyata

Publications and source records attributed to M Miyata.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions following partial pancreatectomy + partial hepatectomy.

Comparative studies were performed on changes in endocrine and exocrine responses of the pancreas after partial hepatectomy, partial pancreatectomy or combination of these procedures in rats, in order to clarify the effect of the combined operation on the remnant pancreatic parenchyma. Three days after partial (60%) pancreatectomy with partial (70%) hepatectomy, endocrine function was better preserved than after partial pancreatectomy alone, suggesting that hypersecretion of insulin initiated by partial hepatectomy may ameliorate the defective glucose-induced insulin secretion following partial pancreatectomy. Further, exocrine function in terms of amylase output was relatively well maintained 3 days after partial pancreatectomy + partial hepatectomy as compared with partial pan after partial pancreatectomy + partial hepatectomy as compared with partial pancreatectomy alone.

Amylases↗
PubMed1986

[Uroflow metrical analysis of normal adults by male uroflow diagnostic interpretation].

Uroflowmeter has been well documented as an indispensible tool in lower urinary tract diagnosis. In this study 145 normal urinary flow curves in 36 healthy adult males were analysed using the Male Uroflow Diagnostic Interpretation (MUDI) of the DISA urological investigation system. In MUDI, the flow rate pattern is analysed and quantified by previously defined parameters. Then the computed values of these parameters are compared with the values observed in healthy subjects. Finally, the results are conveniently presented on an output sheet. One of the newly defined parameters, (dL/dT) 40, i.e., the bladder contraction velocity at 40 ml before the end of micturition, was situated within the range of 12.5 to 28.3 mm/sec (20.4 +/- 3.9 mm/sec) in healthy males. The variable (dL/dT) 40 did not depend on voided volume and provided excellent discrimination between the control group of healthy males and the group of patients with dysuria. MUDI improves the faults of previous uroflowmetry systems and provides (dL/dT) 40 by which micturition patterns can be discriminated to be good and bad ones. So MUDI seems to be quite versatile in daily urological clinics.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pulmonary defence mechanism in mice. A comparative role of alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells against infection with Candida albicans.

The protective roles of alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells were analyzed against intratracheal challenge with Candida albicans in mice. When mice were treated with carrageenan, a known cytotoxic agent for macrophages, there was no change in susceptibilities to the challenge in terms of the survival and the progressive elimination of fungi from the lung and kidney, in spite of a decreased in vitro phagocytosis of Candida albicans by their alveolar macrophages. On the other hand, irradiated mice (whole body irradiation with 800 rads) showed an enhanced mortality and a progressive growth of Candida albicans in their lungs and kidneys, although no change was observed in the in vitro phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages until day 6 after irradiation. In normal and carrageenan treated mice, there was a progressive increase in the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells into the lung after the challenge as shown by bronchoalveolar lavage and histological examination. In irradiated mice, on the other hand, there was a decreased recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells at 24 hr after the challenge, and a complete impairment at a late stage. When phagocytes were obtained from normal mice and examined for in vitro phagocytic activity to Candida albicans, polymorphonuclear cells showed higher activity than that of alveolar macrophages. These results suggest that polymorphonuclear cells play a very important role in the protection against intratracheal infection with Candida albicans.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Autoregulation and regional blood flow of the dog during hemorrhagic shock.

In 42 anesthetized dogs, we studied autoregulation and regional blood flow in the adrenal gland during hemorrhagic hypotension at 70, 50, and 30 mmHg of mean arterial pressure and in trimethaphan camsylate (TMP)-induced hypotension at 50 mmHg. Blood flow was measured by nonradioactive microspheres. Renal blood flow was significantly reduced at 50 mmHg, but total adrenal blood flow did not significantly decrease until the blood pressure fell below 30 mmHg. The autoregulatory response was clearly different between the kidney and adrenal gland. Cortical blood flow decreased significantly at 50 mmHg, but medullary blood flow increased in contrast to the reduction of blood pressure below 70 mmHg and returned at 30 mmHg to the flow rate seen in normotensive control. TMP induced a similar response in the medulla to that at 50 mmHg of hemorrhagic hypotension, and atropine reversed this TMP-induced change. Opposite microvascular responses were observed during hypotension: medullary blood flow increased and cortical flow decreased. This medullary vascular response is considered to contribute to the maintenance of total adrenal blood flow during hemorrhagic hypotension.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1986

Removal of mesenteric gastrinoma: a case report.

A 37-year-old man with a primary mesenteric gastrinoma is reported. A parathyroid adenoma had been removed 13 years ago. Six years earlier the patient underwent an emergency distal gastrectomy because of massive bleeding from a duodenal ulcer. Two months later stomal ulcers developed associated with hypergastrinemia. No gastrinoma was detected and total gastrectomy was performed. The fasting plasma level of gastrin was stable in the range from 580 to 920 pg/ml for the following 5 years. However, the level was found to abruptly increase to 4125 pg/ml. The level increased progressively to 11383 pg/ml within 1 year. A gastrinoma was identified in the jejunal mesenterium, and it was completely removed. After surgery the plasma level of gastrin decreased below the limit of the assay, and the paradoxical response to secretin was no longer observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Clinicopathologic study of thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the trachea.

Eighteen patients (10 women and 8 men), ranging in age from 37 to 80 years, with thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the trachea comprised this series. Eleven had primary and 7 had recurrent cases. Total laryngectomy was performed in 4 patients, and tracheal resection was carried out followed by end-to-end anastomosis in 13 patients. In one patient, reconstruction was done with Naville's artificial trachea after tracheal resection. Eleven patients were alive after 1 year and 8 months to 6 years and 7 months after the operation. This result was significantly better than that of a group of ten patients without resection of the infiltrated trachea (seven patients died within 6 months). Thus, combined resection of the upper airway improved the prognosis of advanced thyroid carcinoma with tracheal infiltration. Histologic examination of surgical specimens demonstrated well-differentiated carcinoma in seven patients, poorly differentiated carcinoma in seven patients, undifferentiated carcinoma in three patients, and squamous cell carcinoma in one patient. The result showed a higher frequency of poorly differentiated carcinoma than in the control group of 70 patients without tracheal infiltration.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

A study of the vascular arrangement in the rat adrenal gland using non-radioactive microspheres.

The intra-glandular vascular arrangement in the adrenal has been studied using non-radioactive microspheres injected by three different routes: in-vivo injection into the left ventricle under pentobarbital anesthesia, postmortem orthograde, and postmortem retrograde injection. The doses of microspheres were 10(5) (average size 24.7 micrometers), 10(6) (15.8 micrometers) and 10(7) (9.9 micrometers). The entrapment rate of microspheres by the medulla as compared with the whole gland was measured in the serially sectioned tissue (section thickness 60 micrometers). The entrapment rates of 25-micrometers microspheres differed between the orthograde and retrograde injections, while the entrapment rates for 15-micrometers microspheres were essentially similar irrespective of the route of injection. Our results support the conclusion from previous microangiographic studies that the adrenal cortex and medulla are supplied by different arteries but have a common venous outflow, and that direct communication between cortical and medullary sinusoids is not likely. The medullary blood flow per gram tissue weight is estimated to be larger than cortical blood flow.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1985

Effect of obstructive jaundice on amylase secretion in rat pancreatic acini.

The effect of obstructive jaundice on pancreatic amylase secretion was studied in isolated pancreatic acini prepared from bile duct ligated rats (7 days postoperatively), sham operated rats being used as control. Obstructive jaundice caused increase in pancreatic wet weight, pancreatic protein content and pancreatic amylase content by 27.9%, 40.1% and 33.2%, respectively. In acini prepared from obstructive jaundice group, compared with acini from sham operation group, responsiveness to cholecystokinin (CCK) and carbachol was decreased when amylase release was expressed as the percentage of total amylase activity initially present in acini. However, sensitivity to both secretagogues was unchanged when expressed as the percentage of maximally stimulated amylase release. The dose-response curves to Ca2+ ionophore for amylase release were similarly shaped in both groups. These results suggested that a pancreatico-trophic effect, compared with altered responsiveness of pancreatic acini, should play a major role in hypersecretion in obstructive jaundice.

Amylases↗
PubMed1985

Blood glucose control by an artificial endocrine pancreas in a patient with phaeochromocytoma.

In a patient with phaeochromocytoma who presented with unstable diabetes mellitus, an artificial endocrine pancreas was used intraoperatively. Anaesthetic agents included enflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. Nicardipine was used to control hypertensive episodes. The initial blood glucose concentration was 173 mg X dl-1 and it decreased to 110 mg X dl-1 in response to insulin infusion, but plasma catecholamines were markedly increased. Seventy minutes later, the glucose concentration increased progressively to 249 mg X dl-1 despite massive insulin infusion, maximally 5.64 mU X kg-1 X min-1. The blood glucose concentration reached a peak at the time of the ligation of the venous drainage from the tumour and the peak was coincident with that of plasma catecholamine levels (epinephrine: 20.8 ng X ml-1, norepinephrine 16.4 ng X ml-1). Both glucose and catecholamine concentrations decreased promptly after removal of the tumour and hypotension followed likely because of a persistent vasodilatatory effect of nicardipine. The profiles of blood glucose, insulin and glucose infusion rates provided by the artificial endocrine pancreas suggested that the insulin resistance began to be reversed shortly after removal of the phaeochromocytoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Ontogeny of macrophage-mediated protection against Listeria monocytogenes.

We investigated the ontogenic development of macrophage functions which are important in the expression of host defense against infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Macrophage functions, including accumulation in response to local stimuli, chemotaxis in vitro, and intracellular killing, as well as number of macrophages, were examined by using mice 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks old. The number of peritoneal macrophages was extremely low in younger mice even when their body weights were taken into consideration. Macrophage accumulation in response to infectious stimulus with viable listeria was poor in younger mice and showed an age-dependent development. In younger groups, chemotaxis in vitro was as immature as chemotaxis in vivo. In 1- and 2-week-old mice, macrophages did not show any intracellular killing activity against L. monocytogenes, but killing was observed in mice over 3 weeks of age. These functions developed in an age-dependent manner and reached the 8-week-old adult level after the mice were 4 weeks of age. In adult mice, these macrophage functions were shown to be enhanced after immunization with viable listeria; however, such an immunization-induced enhancement was very poor in the younger groups of mice. Protection judged by mortality and in vivo bacterial growth was weaker in the younger groups against both primary and secondary challenges. In vivo protection against L. monocytogenes seemed to develop in the same age-dependent manner as the development of macrophage functions. These results indicate that age-dependent immaturity of macrophage functions mainly comprises the age-dependent immaturity of protection against L. monocytogenes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Hypergastrinemia and achlorhydria in chronic renal failure.

In 68 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 15 patients with duodenal ulcer and 15 normal subjects, basal plasma gastrin levels and basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion were measured. Two antisera were used: antiserum R2702 with specificity for human G34 and its N-terminal fragments [G34] and antiserum 2604 with specificity for the four main components of gastrin (total gastrin). Basal gastrin concentrations of both total gastrin and G34-like immunoreactivity (G34LI) were significantly higher in the CRF patients than in the other two groups, irrespective of dialysis. Total gastrin levels were not correlated with serum creatinine levels. Total gastrin levels were significantly decreased during hemodialysis, but G34LI levels showed no significant change. A small amount of total gastrin was detected in the dialysate by antiserum 2604. As to the postprandial gastrin release, in the first 30 min, the pattern of response in the patients with CRF was similar to that of the normal subjects, but the peak value was attained later, and the response was more rather prolonged. Gastric analysis showed a low basal acid out put and impaired acid secretion in response to secretagogue. It is concluded that (1) one of the predominant circulating forms of gastrin in CRF is G34LI, and (2) the hypergastrinemia in the CRF patients is probably due to reduced removal of gastrin by kidneys, increased gastrin production by impairment of the negative acid feedback mechanism induced by parietal cell dysfunction or reduced parietal cell sensitivity to gastrin by atrophic gastritis.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1985

Release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in totally pancreatectomized patients.

The role of insulin in controlling gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release was assessed in seven totally pancreatectomized patients, in whom inhibitory effects of endogenous pancreatic hormones on GIP secretion were excluded. In these patients, glucose was ingested on two occasions, once alone and once during insulin infusion using an artificial endocrine pancreas to maintain blood glucose at levels similar to those in normal subjects. Plasma levels of GIP, the maximum response of plasma GIP, and the integrated incremental GIP for 180 min were similar. We conclude that insulin does not alter the secretion of GIP in response to oral glucose when the influence of endogenous pancreatic hormones is excluded.

Adult↗