Elastic p-p scattering amplitudes at 6 GeV/c.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
M Matsuda
Publications and source records attributed to M Matsuda.
Reconstitution and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteolytically fragmented poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase.
Calf thymus poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (Mr = 120,000) is cleaved with papain into two fragments of M(r) = 74,000 and 46,000 and also split with chymotrypsin into two fragments of M(r) = 66,000 and 54,000. Each fragment purified to homogeneity is enzymatically inactive, but combined incubation of the 74,000 and 46,000 fragments in the presence of DNA restored 20% of the enzyme activity. In contrast, combined incubation of the 66,000 and 54,000 fragments does not restore any enzyme activity. In the former incubation, autopoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction occurs exclusively on the 74,000 fragment. When each fragment is incubated with [adenine-U-14C]NAD in the presence of DNA and a catalytic amount of the native enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)action occurs in the overlapped portion (22,000) of the 66,000 fragment and the 74,000 fragment. Nevertheless, the purified 22,000 fragment is a poor acceptor for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The degree of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the proteolytic fragments is significantly reduced by increasing NaCl concentration, probably due to the lack of the interaction between the enzyme fragments and DNA. These results, taken together, indicate that DNA is indispensable for the reconstitution of the catalytic activity as well as the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the fragmented enzyme.
Amino Acids↗
[Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid--problems in diagnosis and treatment].
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Aged↗
Specular microscopic evaluation of donor corneal endothelium.
We performed wide-field specular microscopy and pachymetry on 92 donor corneas to evaluate the changes occurring in the endothelium during moist chamber storage of up to 48 hours. Endothelial changes were quantitated with computer-assisted morphometry. The donor corneas were divided into two groups: younger (mean age, 34 years) and older (mean age, 72 years). No significant differences in endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation in cell area (polymegethism), percentage of hexagonal cells (pleomorphism), or central corneal thickness were noted between younger and older donors when storage intervals were similar. Within each group, while endothelial cell density remained constant, a marked increase in polymegethism and pleomorphism developed when storage was prolonged beyond 12 hours. Corneal thickness also increased, but there was no correlation between thickness and the extent of the endothelial changes. These results suggest that specular microscopy is a more reliable method of screening donor tissue than donor age or corneal thickness.
Adolescent↗
Response of the corneal endothelium to cataract surgery.
Regional changes in endothelial cell density, morphology, and corneal thickness were serially examined with a specular microscope after intracapsular cataract extraction (four eyes), extracapsular cataract extraction (five eyes), and extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation (13 eyes). Regardless of the type of cataract surgery, cell loss and morphologic changes (decreased percentage of hexagonal cells, increased cellular elongation, and increased coefficient of variation) were greatest and occurred within one week in the superior cornea. Similar changes occurred after one month centrally but were minimal inferiorly. Endothelial cell density stabilized, and the morphologic changes resolved within three months in all regions of the cornea. Corneal swelling resolved within one month. Differences between the procedures were noted only in the superior portion of endothelium, where cell loss and morphologic changes were greatest following intracapsular cataract extraction. Also, endothelial wound healing was complete and stable three months after cataract surgery, with or without posterior chamber lens implantation.
Adult↗
A comparison of the efficacy and toxicity of and intraocular pressure response to viscous solutions in the anterior chamber.
An intraocular-lens abrasion test, vital dye staining, and scanning electron microscopy were used for an in vitro comparison of endothelial protection offered by four viscous solutions of 1% sodium hyaluronate (Healon), 3% sodium hyaluronate (AmVisc), 4% chondroitin sulfate (Viscoat), and 2% methylcellulose. Wide-field specular microscopy with analysis of endothelial cell density and morphologic evaluation, pachymetry, and intraocular pressure measurements were also used to study the toxicity of the viscous solutions in an in vivo cat model with and without anterior chamber washout. All four solutions provided complete endothelial protection from mechanical trauma. Endothelial cell density and morphologic nature were unaffected during the in vivo toxicity study. A mild increase in intraocular inflammation occurred at one and two days after intraocular injection with all four viscous solutions. Intraocular pressure elevations peaked within four hours after instillation of the viscous solutions and were significantly reduced by anterior chamber washout.
Animals↗
Difference in the response to isoproterenol between asymmetric septal hypertrophy and symmetric hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The response to isoproterenol was studied in 9 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), 9 patients with HCM and symmetric hypertrophy (SH), and 9 normal controls (NC), using digitized M-mode echocardiography. There was no significant difference in fractional shortening (FS) between ASH and SH, nor between SH and NC before isoproterenol infusion. During isoproterenol infusion, however, FS was significantly greater in ASH (60 +/- 6%) than in SH (53 +/- 7%) and NC (49 +/- 5%) (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively), and normalized peak rate of change of left ventricular dimension during systole (pVs) was greater in ASH (7.7 +/- 1.5/s) than in SH (5.2 +/- 0.8/s) and in NC (4.9 +/- 0.8/s) (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.001, respectively). This study shows that the response to isoproterenol of ASH differs from those of SH and of NC and suggests hypersensitivity of the beta-adrenergic receptor system in ASH and the possibility that ASH is a different clinical entity than SH.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
Fractionation of ribonucleic acid transcripts synthesized during spore germination in Bacillus subtilis.
Transcription was found to proceed stepwise during germination of Bacillus subtilis spores. Three distinct phases were evident with respect to pulse-labelled RNA synthesis and the RNA species synthesized. At the early stage of germination (Gm 1:0-15 min), RNA synthesis started in about 5 min and increased linearly when 1 min pulse-labelling with 3H-uridine was used. RNA molecules of relatively low molecular weight (LMW) 4S, 4.5S, 5S, LMW I, II, III, VII RNAs and so on were mainly synthesized during this stage. The relative synthesis of 16S and 23S rRNA was suppressed considerably at Gm 1. This suppression was eliminated by the mid stage of germination (Gm 2:15 to 40 min). Pulse-labelled RNA synthesis took on a constant level for about 20 min (Gm 2). The relative amounts of LMW I, II, III and VI RNAs in an aliquot (10,000 cpm) decreased at Gm 2. Gm 2 was followed by a tremendous increase in the pulse-labelled RNA synthesis (Gm 3 and outgrowth). The transition from Gm 1 to Gm 2 was inhibited by chloramphenicol. LMW I, III, and VI RNAs were densely banded at Gm 2 on administration of chloramphenicol. These results strongly suggested that transcription may be positively regulated at an early stage of germination. Possible positive factor(s) involved in this regulation are discussed.
Bacillus subtilis↗
Conversion of 4-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid in striatum treated with semicarbazide and kainic acid.
4-Aminobutyraldehyde (ABAL) has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and to be converted rapidly to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in various regions of the brain. In this paper, the formation of GABA from ABAL was studied with striatum that had suffered a lesion to GABA synthesis via glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). The GABA formation from ABAL was invariably observed in striatum in which GAD was severely inhibited by semicarbazide or kainic acid. Thus, this is another pathway for GABA formation.
Aldehydes↗
Response of the coronary artery to a small dose of ergonovine in variant angina.
The response of the coronary artery to a small dose (0.01 mg) of ergonovine was observed in nine patients without variant angina and in 10 patients with variant angina. Coronary angiograms were obtained before and after small and larger (routinely used) doses of ergonovine. With the larger dose, all 10 patients with variant angina had total or subtotal spastic occlusion accompanied by angina and ECG changes. Excluding the site of spastic occlusion produced by the larger dose of ergonovine, diameters of proximal, middle, and distal segments in each major coronary artery were measured before and after a small dose of ergonovine. The mean percentage of change in diameter (diameter before - diameter after a small dose of ergonovine)/diameter before a small dose of ergonovine X 100% in patients without variant angina was not significantly different from that in patients with variant angina (5.2 +/- 9.5% vs 7.0 +/- 11.9%, respectively). However, in patients with variant angina, a small dose of ergonovine produced a percentage of change in diameter of 39.8 +/- 15.3% at the site of spastic occlusion included by a larger dose of ergonovine, compared with that of 7.0 +/- 11.9% in the remaining non-spastic coronary arteries (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that patients with variant angina have local segments which respond differently to ergonovine from the remaining segments of coronary arteries. Clinically, this observation might be helpful in determining the angiographic positivity to ergonovine.
Adult↗
Daily variations of ECG and left ventricular parameters at exercise in patients with anginal attacks but normal coronary arteriograms.
In 21 patients with typical exercise-induced anginal pain but normal coronary arteriograms (group N) and in 14 patients with angiographically proved coronary stenosis (group C), symptom-limited ergometer exercise ECG and radionuclide angiocardiography were performed twice on two different days. Exercise-induced ST changes showed larger variations between the two exercise tests in group N than in group C ([delta ST1-delta ST2]: 0.07 +/- 0.06 mV in group N, 0.03 +/- 0.03 mV in group C, p less than 0.05). Rate pressure product and left ventricular ejection fraction at exercise also showed larger variations between the two tests in group N than in group C (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05, respectively). However, substantial overlaps existed in some cases in the two groups. In conclusion, some of the patients with exercise-induced anginal pain but normal coronary arteriograms may have a variable threshold of exertional chest pain probably caused by variation in coronary vascular tone, and the other patients may have a fixed threshold of chest pain caused by other mechanisms.
Adult↗
Lp(a) lipoprotein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction.
Attempts were made to prepare antisera monospecific for Lp(a) lipoprotein and to investigate the distribution of subjects according to plasma levels of Lp(a) in Japanese controls and patients with coronary heart disease or cerebral infarction. Positive plasma reactions to the double diffusion test for Lp(a) (Ouchterlony) were observed in 32.3% of the healthy Japanese subjects, which is similar to results previously reported in western countries. The plasma threshold level of 17 mg/dl was considered an appropriate point for dividing subjects into positive and negative groups depending on reactions to the double diffusion test. When subjects were divided into two groups at 17 mg/dl, a significant association was found between a high plasma level of Lp(a) and either coronary heart disease or cerebral infarction in the distribution of the cortical artery. These results suggest that Lp(a) may play an important part as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction.
Aged↗
Biochemical and immunological characterization of estrogen binding components in human neoplastic adrenocortical tissues.
The estrogen binding components in human adrenocortical tissues were examined. Two adrenocortical cancer cytosols were found to contain the binder with a relative low affinity (Kd 5 X 10(-9) M) for estradiol. The association of [3H]estradiol to these cytosols was inhibited by a large dose of unlabeled estrone, estradiol or estriol, but neither by diethylstilbestrol nor by dihydrotestosterone. Incubation of cultured cells derived from these cancers with [3H]estradiol also showed the presence of this low-affinity estradiol binder. The addition of bovine serum albumin into these cytosols surprisingly resulted in a marked increase in estradiol binding capacity in a concentration-dependent manner. This component sedimented at 5 S in the low salt sucrose density gradient. This binding ability was found to be heat-labile in the absence of estradiol, but preformation of complexes with estradiol markedly stabilized its binding ability against thermal inactivation. In addition, experiments using monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptor revealed that the estrogen binder from one adrenocortical cancer cytosol shared antigenic determinants with human estrogen receptor. These results suggest that the unique estrogen binder in some adrenocortical cancer has the characteristics similar to estrogen receptors in terms of thermal stability and immunological cross-reactivity to antibodies.
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
The domain structure and the function of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase.
Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase is a chromatin-bound enzyme which synthesizes a protein-bound homopolymer of ADP-ribose utilizing NAD as a substrate. The characteristic nature of this enzyme is that it requires DNA for catalytic activity. The enzyme is rich in malignant tumor cells as well as in normal tissues where cell proliferation is very rapid. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity from calf thymus, mouse testis and human placenta. The amino acid composition of these enzymes is very similar and a monoclonal antibody as well as antisera against the calf enzyme cross-reacts with mouse, chicken and human enzymes, suggesting that the antigenic structures of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase are highly conserved in various animal cells. The native enzyme (Mr = 120K) is cleaved by limited proteolytic digestion into three different domains (Mr = 46K, 22K, 54K), the first containing the site for DNA binding, the second containing the site for automodification and the third containing the site for NAD binding. The DNA binding domain (Mr = 46K), like the native enzyme, has the ability to preferentially suppress nick induced random transcription initiation in a HeLa cell lysate, resulting in the production of run-off RNA initiated from the correct late promoter site on truncated DNA of adenovirus 2. The native enzyme poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates RNA polymerase and some other nuclear enzymes. These results, taken together, indicate that poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase plays a critical role in regulating gene expression in various eukaryotic cells.
Amino Acids↗
Contaminating peptides widely present in ion-exchanged water, reagents, experimental implements and natural sample.
Ion-exchanged water, various reagents, experimental implements and natural sample have been found to be widely contaminated by certain kinds of peptides, whose molecular weights are between 1000 and 6000 daltons. An amino acid analysis showed them to contain serine, glycine and alanine as the three major amino acid components, which constitute about 50% of the total amino acid in the fractions of the contaminants. Ornithine is also commonly abundantly present in the contaminants. The significance of the presence of ornithine and the origin of the contaminants are discussed.
Amino Acids↗
Solitary late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma.
Solitary late recurrence is an unpredictable behavior pattern of renal cell carcinoma. We describe a patient with recurrence at the cranial bone 10 years after surgical management and another with recurrence at the sacral bone 13 years after treatment with radiotherapy and alpha-interferon. Both patients have been followed satisfactorily for 9 months. Unpredictable behavior of renal cell carcinoma makes lifelong followup of patients necessary. If a solitary recurrence is detected operative management definitely should be considered depending on the site of recurrence.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
Isolation of U1-snRNP(s) from mouse teratocarcinoma cells using immunochemical and biochemical procedures: high proportion of U1a-snRNP to U1b-snRNP.
An attempt was made to immunochemically and biochemically purify and characterize the U1-snRNP(s) of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. The results obtained by RNA analysis of U1-snRNP(s) purified immunochemically from embryoid bodies, F9 cells and PYS-2 cells indicated that the U1-snRNP(s) in these cells consisted of U1a-snRNP and U1b-snRNP. The proportion of U1a-snRNP to U1b-snRNP was also found to be high in the embryoid bodies and F9 cells. The U1a-snRNP predominance in U1-snRNP population was also detected in PYS-2 cells. The immunochemically purified U1-snRNP population from liver nuclei of 129 syngeneic male mouse (129/sv), a host mouse for transplantable tetratocarcinoma OTT6050, and ICR male mouse, contained approximately equal levels of the two U1-snRNP species (U1a- and U1b-snRNP). Partially purified U1-snRNP from embryoid bodies was also obtained by elution from a DEAE-Sepharose column at around 0.18 M NH4Cl or by fractionation by 5-20% linear sucrose gradient centrifugation. The electrophoretic RNA profiles of the partially purified U1-snRNP of embryoid bodies were similar to those obtained immunochemically.
Animals↗
Developmental change in the glycosaminoglycan composition of the rat brain.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were isolated from the brains of pre-and postnatal rats. The GAG content of the brain, based on the amount of DNA, was constant during the period from day 13 to day 15 of gestation. After day 15, the GAG content began to increase and reached a plateau by 10 days after birth. Hyaluronate (HA) was the main GAG (greater than 60% of the total) in the fetal rat brain, and the relative amount of HA decreased after birth. Conversely, the relative amount of chondroitin sulfate increased with development and reached the adult level by 20 days after birth. Heparan sulfate (HS) was the major sulfated GAG in the fetal rat brain at early developmental stages, but HS accounted for approximately 10% of the total GAG in the postnatal brains. In addition to these GAGs, a polysialosyl glycoconjugate was isolated from rapidly growing brains of the rat. These three GAGs could be isolated either from the cerebellum, cerebrum, or brainstem of the newborn rat. A closely similar age-related change in the GAG composition was observed in each of these different regions of the brain. The developmental change could be implicated in morphogenesis or maturation of the brain.
Animals↗