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Biomedical subjects

M Martin

Publications and source records attributed to M Martin.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Revision of the radium isodose atlas of Göttingen with a new calculation method].

The Radium Isodose Atlas of Göttingen was recalculated after having established a new computer program for the determination of dose distributions around intracavitary radium inserts. The program takes into consideration the complicated structure of the radium applicators type Buchler. The exactness of the program was checked by computing known radium sources and by detailed measures. The calculated dose values were reduced by 30% on an average with respect to the original measurements. This difference is explained mainly by the dependence on energy of the Cds dosimeter used at that time (1959). The clinically evaluated dose has not been changed (identical milligram element hours), however, a comparison of radium doses with other hospitals and with an additional percutaneous irradiation has become possible by the recalculation. Point A has been redefined according to international practice.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1983

Effects of p-aminohippurate and pyrazinoate on the renal excretion of salicylate in the rat: a micropuncture study.

The inhibitory effects of p-aminohippurate and pyrazinoate (PZA) on the transport of salicylate were studied by free-flow micropuncture in the rat. p-Aminohippurate (5, 10 or 25 mumol/kg X min) and PZA (10 or 25 mumol/kg X min) inhibited proximal tubular secretion of salicylate; they induced decreases in the fractional delivery of salicylate to the late proximal tubules. In alkalotic rats, the late proximal decrease in fractional delivery of salicylate was accompanied by a decreased fractional excretion of salicylate. In contrast, such a decrease in fractional excretion of salicylate was not observed in rats in normal acid-base balance. A greater rate of PZA infusion (25 mumol/kg X min) not only inhibited secretion, but also depressed a reabsorptive carrier-mediated transport of salicylate. Thus, in alkalotic rats, fractional delivery of salicylate to late proximal tubules were 1.90 +/- 0.15, 0.90 +/- 0.10 and 1.34 +/- 0.13, respectively, for control rats and rats infused with 10 or 25 mumol/kg X min of PZA. The corresponding values of fractional excretion of salicylate were 1.21 +/- 0.09, 0.61 +/- 0.05 and 0.08 +/- 0.09, respectively. The data suggest that salicylate is secreted as well as reabsorbed by carrier-mediated mechanisms and that there may be two secretory mechanisms.

Aminohippuric Acids↗
PubMed1983

[Plastic surgery of open defects of the palate with a lingual flap].

The authors describe results of the plasty of defects of the palate by a tongue flap. Good phonetics, better conditions for prosthezing, less number of operations, shorter time of staying in the hospital and less expenditure of the patient's force are the main advantages of the tongue flap plasty.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed1982

Changes in placental ultrasonic appearance. II. Pathologic significance of Grade III placental changes.

Changes in placental texture and structure on ultrasonic examination have been suggested as correlating to advancing fetal pulmonary maturity. The association of preterm appearance of Grade III changes in the placenta in the complicated pregnancy suggests that these changes are associated with a decrease in placental function and premature senescence of the placenta. Placentas were routinely graded on all obstetric examinations performed during a 1-year period of time. Those pregnancies in which Grade III changes in the placenta prior to term were reviewed. A high incidence (78%) of perinatal problems were found in association with preterm appearance of Grade III changes. Perinatal complications included maternal hypertensive disorders, intrauterine growth retardation, abruptio placentae, and fetal distress in labor. The high incidence of these disorders in preterm pregnancies with Grade III changes in the placenta suggests that the sonographic changes found reflect placental dysfunction or senescence rather than normal maturational development. The appearance of Grade III changes in the placenta in the preterm pregnancy is suggested as a predictive indicator of potential perinatal problems in late pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Changes in placental ultrasonic appearance. I. Incidence of Grade III changes in the placenta in correlation to fetal pulmonary maturity.

Placental grading has been proposed as a substitute for amniotic fluid analysis for predicting fetal pulmonary maturity. The efficacy of placental grading was prospectively evaluated by grading the placenta at the time of 174 amniocentesis procedures done for determination of fetal pulmonary maturity. Grade III changes in the placenta were a rare finding that occurred in only 7% of the examinations performed. Placental grading proved to be insensitive in that it predicted pulmonary maturity in only 5% of pregnancies in which amniotic fluid analysis predicted a mature fetus. In addition, placental grading falsely predicted fetal pulmonary maturity in 42% of patients in whom Grade III placental changes were found. These findings suggest that the determination of Grade III changes in the placenta occurs too rarely to be of use in predicting fetal pulmonary maturity in the uncomplicated pregnancy. Incorrect prediction of pulmonary maturity by placental grading in the complicated pregnancy makes this test of little value in the management of high-risk pregnancy.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1982

Indoor airborne asbestos pollution: from the ceiling and the floor.

Electron microscopic measurements of the concentrations of airborne asbestos were carried out inside and outside an office building having ceilings sprayed with a crocidolite-containing material and floors covered with vinyl-chrysotile tiles. Under normal conditions in this building, constructed 10 years ago, the two asbestos-containing materials released fibers into the air. This is the first measurement of elevated (up to 170 nanograms per cubic meter) concentrations of indoor airborne asbestos associated with the weathering of asbestos floor tiles during their service life. Asbestos flooring is used in a large number of buildings and represents the third largest use of asbestos fibers in the United States and in Europe, ranking after roofing and asbestos-cement pipe.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study of the bacteriologic value of samples taken by transtracheal aspiration or fiberoptic bronchoscopy].

To evaluate two methods of obtaining lower respiratory tract secretions, fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) and transtracheal aspiration (TA) were performed in ten patients. FB used an open-end brush-in catheter. TA was performed as described by Pecora. TA gave significantly better sensitivity and specificity (3/5 and O false positive results respectively) than FB (2/5 and 5 false positive results). TA gives specimens which reflect the bacterial flora of the lung more reliably than those taken during FB.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1982

[Pulmonary fibrosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Five new cases (author's transl)].

The most common thoracic finding in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is ankylosis of the costovertebral joints with severe limitation of chest expansion inducing a restrictive syndrome pleural and pulmonary fibrosis can occur during the course of the disease. One-hundred record of patients with AS were reviewed. Five had pleuro-pulmonary involvement. This always included pachypleuritis, usually apical. Roentgenographic pulmonary changes were infiltrates or fibrobullous lesions. Pulmonary function tests showed restriction in four cases, obstruction in one case, and a decreased diffusing capacity in all five cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Guided transtracheal distal pulmonary brushing-washing: diagnosing acute pneumonia in high-risk patients.

Transtracheal brushing-washing of distal pulmonary lesions was performed in 20 patients. Specimens were obtained by brushing and washing through a catheter placed in the pulmonary lesion with the aid of a guide. In nine patients pathogenic organisms were isolated. In the other 11 patients infectious studies of the specimens were negative, five of the patients (true-negatives) showing no infection and six (false-negatives) showing infection. Serious complications were uncommon, but one patient, who had diffuse intravascular coagulation, died. This procedure seems to represent an advance over transtracheal aspiration and is an effective alternative to such invasive methods are transthoracic lung aspiration and pulmonary biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Embryonic development and blastocyst implantation following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) excretion in serial overnight urine samples in women having embryo transfer, in an in vitro fertilization program. Elevated hCG excretion suggestive of blastocyst implantation was detected in 17 of 121 women studied. When the results were corrected for interference by luteinizing hormone and other immunoreactive substances, implantation was detectable 8 to 9 days after fertilization in 20% of conceptual cycles, in 80% by days 12 to 13, in 93% by days 14 to 15, and in 100% by days 16 to 17. From a life table of human embryo development in culture, it was estimated that 37% of four-cell and 43% of eight-cell embryos reached the blastocyst stage. On the basis of these estimates and the elevated hCG from implanting blastocysts, it was concluded that 60% to 65% of uterine blastocysts either failed to implant or failed to produce measurable hCG.

Blastocyst↗
PubMed1982

Enhancement of amyloidosis by chenodeoxycholic acid ingestion in the hamster.

A long-term experiment was performed to test the ability of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to induce intestinal tumors in the Syrian golden hamster. Animals were fed a CDCA-enriched diet up to 12 months, and 4 of them were sacrificed every 2 months. CDCA exhibited no carcinogenic activity. However, unexpected amyloid deposits were discovered in both treated and nontreated animals. Their incidence was significantly higher in treated (71%) than in nontreated (27%) hamsters. During CDCA administration, amyloidosis appeared as early as the second month of treatment. It involved the liver, spleen and kidneys in more than half of the animals. On the contrary, in control animals, amyloid deposits appeared later and were most frequently restricted to one organ. The intensity of the lesions also appeared to be greater in the treated group. No monoclonal components were found in either serum or urine of the amyloidotic hamsters. Such an amyloidosis-promoting effect of CDCA has never been reported.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Retrospective follow-up study on 476 patients admitted for the first time to a nursing-home].

During a seven-months' observation period the death-rate of 476 patients referred for the first time to a nursing home were checked up. In the first three months the rat of mortality was extremely high. With patients transferred from a hospital to a nursing-home the rate was much higher than among patients coming from their own home. The male mortality rate was higher than the female rate. The patients' age and the number of diseases diagnosed did not exercise any great influence on the mortality rate. Before admittance to the nursing-home, more males than females had been living in partnership.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Separation of cells of the erythrocyte series of birds and mammals by distribution in biphasic polyethylene glycol-dextran systems].

Experimental conditions for the partition, in dextran (Dx) polyethylene glycol (PEG) biphasic systems, of circulating red cells, reticulocytes and bone marrow cells from adult rats, as well as of erythrocytes from chicken embryos, young animals and adult chickens, have been studied. Once the partition coefficient (K) has been calculated under optimal experimental conditions, a counter-current distribution (CCD) apparatus has been used for the separation of cells in those populations, and the influence of different factors on the distribution of cells has been analyzed. An increase in the distribution efficiency of heterogeneous cells (those from the chicken and bone marrow of rats) is achieved by increasing the sedimentation time during the CCD procedure. The position of cells (previously labelled with 59Fe) along the rotor of the CCD apparatus is related to cells age, and thus allowed us to apply the CCD procedure for the assay of some enzyme activities in the separated cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Diffuse pulmonary amylosis. Apropos of 2 cases associated with Waldenstrom's disease].

Diffuse pulmonary amyloidosis is rarely reported in systemic amyloidosis. We report two patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in whom pulmonary amyloidosis was revealed by a diffuse interstitial syndrome without severe functional impairment. Amyloid pulmonary deposits are anatomically frequent and are often associated with cardiac amyloidosis. They must be evoked more frequently in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial patterns, particularly in patients with primary amyloidosis or dysglobulinemia.

Aged↗