Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to M Kojima.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Enzymatic study to characterize the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and leukotrienes.

Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) has been shown to be one of the major mediators in hypersensitive reactions and to be composed of leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4 and LTE4. In the present study, we examined the properties of SRS-A released from sensitized guinea pig lungs by antigen and SRS released from rat peritoneal exudate cells and from human leucocytes by ionophore A23187 (0.5 and 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively). By the incubation with SRS-A, SRS and LTs with arylsulfatase (type V) in pH 5.7 buffered solution at 37 degrees C for 30 min, SRS-A and LTD4 were greatly inactivated and rat SRS was slightly inactivated, but human SRS and LTC4 were not inactivated at all. The same results were obtained when aminopeptidase was used in place of arylsulfatase. Moreover, when SRS-A, LTC4 and LTD4 were incubated with 0.02 mg/ml of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) pH 8.0 buffered solution at 37 degrees C for 30 min, the activities of SRS-A and LTD4 were slightly decreased, but those of SRS and LTC4 were obviously potentiated. On the other hand, incubation with a large amount of gamma-GTP (0.2 mg/ml) a dose at which this enzyme preparation showed clear aminopeptidase activity, SRS-A, SRS, LTC4 and LTD4 were obviously inactivated. In addition, we found a peak of LTD4 in guinea pig SRS-A, that of LTC4 in human SRS, and that of LTC4 in rat SRS on high performance liquid chromatograms. From these results, we demonstrated that guinea pig lung SRS-A is mainly composed of LTD4, human leukocyte SRS is mainly LTC4, and rat peritoneal SRS is composed of both LTC4 and LTD4. The inactivation of LTD4 and SRS-A by arylsulfatase may be due to aminopeptidase contamination in the enzyme preparation.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1987

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome associated with anti-T3 autoantibodies.

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with Sjögren's syndrome had extremely low serum triiodothyronine (T3) with normal levels of serum thyroxine (T4) measured by single antibody radioimmunoassays (RIAs) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) during steroid treatment. Measurement of serum T3 and T4 with double antibody RIAs showed unusually high T3 and normal T4 concentrations. Examination of her serum revealed the presence of IgG class anti-T3 autoantibodies whose Scatchard plot was analyzed in two components; one with a higher associate constant (8.6 X 10(8)M-1) and a lower binding capacity (5.6 X 10(-7) mol/ml serum); the other a lower associate constant (3.5 X 10(7)M-1) and a higher binding capacity (2.1 X 10(-6) mol/ml serum). Antithyroglobulin (Tg) autoantibody has been positive throughout the seven year observation period. A significant positive correlation between titers of anti-Tg autoantibodies indicated that the antigen of anti-T3 antibodies in the patient could be T3 containing antigenic site(s) on the Tg molecule.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[A recessive mutant causing testicular/ovarian teratoma in rats (Tera strain)].

A hereditary testicular/ovarian teratoma strain (Tera) of rats was developed from the Csk: Wistar-Imamichi strain. As the teratoma consisted of tridermic tissues such as bone, epithelium and neural tissue, it was diagnosed as triphyllomatous teratoma. The frequency of the teratoma was about 25% in either sex, with no sexual difference. Accordingly, the heredity of the teratoma appeared to be an autosomal single recessive trait (symbol, tera).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Fluorescence microscopic study on absorption of adriamycin through the rat bladder epithelium.

The absorption of adriamycin (ADM) through the rat bladder epithelium was investigated histologically with a fluorescence microscope. ADM permeated through the epithelium into the lamina propria or the inner layer of the muscle within 15 min after instillation, but no further infiltration into the deeper part of the bladder wall was observed thereafter. In addition, fluorescence histological evidence on the uptake of ADM by the endothelial cells of the blood vessels in the lamina propria suggested the systemic diffusion of ADM to the whole body via the circulatory system of the blood. The method reported in the present study is considered to be promising in checking the penetrability of ADM both in the normal bladder wall and bladder tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A continuous sampling model of the seminal vesicle fluid in rat.

A continuous sampling model of the fluid excreted from the unilateral seminal vesicle was devised in the rat. Each 12 hr change in the volume was measured in 14 sexually mature male rats by use of tubing. If we assume the excretion of a small volume (less than 4 microliters) as the resting level, 3 of 14 rats showed only the resting level. The excretion of a large volume was sometimes observed in the 11 other rats both in daytime and nighttime. This model would be promising for investigations of the seminal vesicles from new aspects.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Short-term prednisolone for inducing seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody along with clinical improvement in patients with chronic active hepatitis type B.

Short-term prednisolone therapy was instituted on 27 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) type B, in an attempt to induce seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to the corresponding antibody (anti-HBe). Patients with CAH received a four-week regimen of prednisolone with daily dosage tapering from 40 to 10 mg (total 700 mg). Within one year after the withdrawal of prednisolone, 19 (70%) lost HBeAg and 11 of them (41% of the total) developed anti-HBe, at rates significantly higher than 3 (12%) and 1 (4%) who spontaneously showed respective serological changes among 26 matched controls during one year (p less than 0.001). Within two years after the withdrawal, 21 (78%) lost HBeAg and 19 (70%) developed anti-HBe, in contrast to 6 (23%) and 2 (8%) of controls who showed respective changes during that period (p less than 0.001). Seroconversion to anti-HBe was invariably accompanied by clinical and biochemical improvements along with loss of DNA polymerase from circulation. Elevation in transaminase levels, reflecting the rebound of steroid withdrawal, always heralded and appeared to be required for the seroconversion, but serious aggravation of hepatitis was not encountered in any of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Experimental induction of cerebral aneurysms in monkeys.

Saccular cerebral aneurysms were successfully induced in two monkeys treated with ligation of the common carotid artery, experimental hypertension, and beta-aminopropionitrile feeding. The cerebral aneurysms developed on the large arteries at the base of the brain, such as the anterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery at the origin of the posterior communicating artery. Because of the similarity of the monkey to man as a species, the present results strongly suggest the significance of postnatal aggravating factors in the development of cerebral aneurysms in man.

Aminopropionitrile↗
PubMed1987

[Familial pheochromocytoma in a daughter (extra-adrenal) and her mother].

The nineteenth kindred of familial pheochromocytoma in Japan is reported. A 13-year-old girl had an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma and her 40-year-old mother had a right adrenal pheochromocytoma. This is the first case of an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma in familial pheochromocytoma. A statistical analysis was performed on the 46 cases in 19 kindreds reported so far in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on flomoxef in the pediatric field].

The new antibiotic flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) was administered to 38 children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In 3 cases of children administered with FMOX (20 mg/kg) by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes, the mean T1/2 (beta) was 0.96 hour and the mean 6-hour urinary excretion was 95.5%. 2. The antibiotic was administered to a total of 38 patients with bronchopneumonia, lacunar tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infection complicated with brain tumor, otitis media, urinary tract infection, purulent meningitis, subcutaneous and hyponychial abscess, cervical lymphadenitis, or bacterial enteritis. The treatment was markedly effective in 24 cases, effective in 13, fair in 1, and ineffective in none. The efficacy rate was 97.4%. From our results, this drug appears to be particularly effective to bronchopneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection. 3. None of the children showed clinical symptoms indicating side effects of the drug. These results showed that FMOX is a drug that can be safely used in the pediatric field as well as for adults.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Repeated transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas].

It is well known that the risks in patients subjected to repeated transsphenoidal surgery are higher than in patients without prior therapy. The authors report their experience of repeated transsphenoidal surgery in 18 pituitary adenoma cases, 7 as the second step of two staged operation, 7 for recurrent adenomas and 4 for the postoperative CSF rhinorrhea. Technical points in re-opening and closure of the transsphenoidal route are presented. A huge adenoma with suprasellar extension may be successfully removed by two staged operation. Some adenomas become less hemorrhagic at the second operation. Recurrent adenomas are also safely operated when the goal of the surgery is limited to the decompression of the optic nerve with sparing the pituitary function. CSF rhinorrhea is easily controlled by packing the sella turcica and the sphenoid sinus with one piece of fat for each compartment.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

[Detection of type-specific group B streptococcal antibody by indirect immunofluorescence and prevention of vertical transmission by antibiotic therapy].

Seventy-six (13.6%) of 558 third trimester pregnant women had positive vaginal Group B Streptococcal (GBS) colonization. Among these colonizing GBS, 17 (22.4%) of 76 reacted positively to type Ia serum, 6 (7.9%) to type Ib serum, 2 (2.6%) to type II serum, and 23 (30.3%) to type III serum respectively, whereas 22 (28.9%) lacked these heat stable antigens when examined by the agglutination method. Persistence of the colonization of GBS was observed only in 4 (9.9%) out of 44 ampicillin-treated women whereas 65 (86.7%) out of 75 cases in the non-treated group. The colonization rates of GBS in infants born to carrier mothers were 37.5% in the non-treated group and 7.4% in the ampicillin treated group. The levels of ampicillin concentration in cord sera and amniotic fluids were maintained over the MIC of GBS for 7 hours after the drug administration. Type-specific antibodies were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence in both maternal and cord sera. In 58(87%) of 67 cases antibodies to type Ia, in 15(27%) of 55 cases to type II, and in 28(42%) of 67 cases to type III were detected in the maternal sera. No antibody to type Ia was detected in a mother who had an affected infant with the same type of GBS. In cord sera, antibody titres of a premature infant and a low-birth-weight infant were lower than those of their mothers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Experience of cefuzoname in pediatric patients. Fundamental and clinical investigations].

Cefuzoname (CZON) was administered to 50 pediatric patients with infections, and the efficacy was investigated in 49 patients. The efficacy rate was 83.7% and the drug was evaluated to be highly effective for diseases in the pediatric field. The activity of CZON was especially good against Staphylococcus aureus, and the efficacy rate for 13 clinical isolates was 69.2%, which was comparable to that of cefotiam or cefazolin. CZON appeared to be useable alone in Gram-positive infections. It might be very powerful in the control of infections in secondary immunodeficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[The effects of hyperglycemia on ischemic brain edema].

The effects of hyperglycemia on ischemic brain edema in rats were studied by measuring the local changes in water content of brain and cerebrovascular permeability using a transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model. Rats, fasted except for water for 12-16 hours, were used. They were anesthetized with halothane and the stem of the left MCA was occluded for 2 hours by a microclip. Reperfusion was performed by removal of the clip. The rats were allowed to awake from anesthesia after removal of the clip. Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50% glucose and same volume of physiological saline was injected intraperitoneally 20 minutes before MCA occlusion in control rats. Cerebrovascular permeability was measured by quantitative autoradiography using 14C-alpha-amino-isobutyric acid (14C-AIB) 2 hours after reperfusion. The specific gravity of cerebral tissue, determined by the gradient column with bromobenzene and kerosene, was used to study local changes in brain water content 2 hours after MCA occlusion and 2 hours after reperfusion. In hyperglycemic rats, plasma glucose content-ration rose to over 500 mg/dl at the peak and then declined. A hyperglycemic state around 300 mg/dl was maintained during the experiments. Elevation of hematocrit and plasma osmolarity were observed in hyperglycemic rats. At 2 hours after MCA occlusion, specific gravity of the brain was decreased in the left MCA territory, especially in the frontal cortex, in both groups. The decrease in the frontal cortex in hyperglycemic rats was statistically significant compared with that in the control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗