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Biomedical subjects

M Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaplan.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The Vero cell receptor for the hepatitis B virus small S protein is a sialoglycoprotein.

The Vero (African green monkey kidney-derived) cell line is capable of binding recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) particles containing only the small surface (S) protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This binding activity appears to be due to a single major population of receptors (M. E. Peeples et al., Virology 160, 135-142 (1987]. Since infectious HBV particles also contain the small S protein, it is possible that the Vero cell receptor might also function as an HBV receptor. The initial physical characterization of this receptor is reported here. Treatment of Vero cells with each of four proteases reduced their binding activity by 70% or greater, indicating that the receptor is partially protein in nature. Binding activity was also reduced by pretreating cells with neuraminidase or low levels of sodium periodate, indicating that sialic acid also plays a major role in the receptor activity. Consistent with this interpretation, N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose were able to competitively inhibit rHBsAg particle attachment to Vero cells. The protein nature of the Vero cell receptor was confirmed by the demonstration that chymotrypsin treatment which resulted in 70% loss of binding had little effect on the cell sialic acid content. Therefore, the Vero cell receptor for rHBsAg particles is a sialoglycoprotein.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Human B-lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus-6).

Human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV), also known as human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) was first isolated in 1986 from AIDS patients and patients with other lymphoproliferative disorders. HBLV is distinct from known human herpesviruses, biologically, immunologically and by molecular analysis. HBLV can infect and replicate in fresh and established lines of hemopoietic cells and cells of neural origin, suggesting wide tropism. The prevalence of HBLV antibody in the normal population was 26% though clear differences between different populations were observed. The prevalence of HBLV antibody an elevated antibody titer was higher in sera from certain malignancies, Sjögren's syndrome and sarcoidosis. Antibody to HBLV was also elevated in AIDS patients and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. HBLV-DNA was detected in some B-cell lymphomas. The broad in vitro tropism, combined with immunological and molecular evidence of HBLV infection in individuals raise the question of the pathogenicity of this virus in some diseases. Because in vitro co-infection of CD4 cells by HBLV and HIV leads to enhanced degeneration, this raises the possibility that infection in AIDS patients by both viruses can aggravate the HIV-induced immunodeficiency. Specific reagents and immunological and molecular assays are currently being investigated, which will aid in virus detection in cells from patients, and in elucidating the possible pathogenesis of HBLV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger: a peroxisomal deficiency disorder. Case report and review.

The cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger (CHRS) is a rare, fatal disorder in newborn infants. Recent research points to a primary absence of tissue peroxisomes, with resulting biochemical defects, as the basic pathology of the condition. We report on an infant with classic neurological and dysmorphic features of CHRS. Increased serum levels of pipecolic acid, bile acid precursors and very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) together with total histological absence of liver peroxisomes confirmed the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case in Israel to be fully documented by biochemical and ultrastructural techniques. A high index of suspicion is essential among clinicians if further cases are not to be overlooked.

Facial Bones↗
PubMed1988

Pregnancy and liver transplantation.

A pregnancy after an orthotopic liver transplantation was associated with abruptio placentae and preterm delivery at 27.5 weeks. The mother's immediate postpartum period was complicated by a midgut volvulus through a mesenteric defect in the Roux-en-Y loop. Both mother and infant survived after prolonged hospitalization.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1988

Fructooligosaccharides: a review.

Fructooligosaccharides are naturally occurring compounds that have been reported in a variety of plants. Neosugar is a fructooligosaccharide mixture of 1F-(1-beta-fructofuranosyl)-sucrose polymers which is produced on a commercial scale from sucrose using a fungal fructosyltransferase. The resulting product is 0.4 to 0.6 times as sweet as sugar and is resistant to digestion by mammalian alpha-amylase, sucrase and maltase. Although Neosugar is non-digestible in humans, it is selectively utilized by bifidobacteria. Neosugar has been examined extensively in human and animal studies which indicate a lack of toxicity, carcinogenicity and genotoxic effects. Neosugar is used as a feed additive for poultry and swine in Japan and has been approved in foods as a raw material. Additional studies in progress in the US suggest that it could provide an economic alternative as an additive to poultry and swine feed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Alprazolam, diazepam, imipramine, and placebo in outpatients with major depression.

Two hundred forty-one outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of major depressive disorder participated in a six-week double-blind therapeutic trial of alprazolam, diazepam, imipramine hydrochloride, and placebo. Side effects were given as a major reason for attrition by patients taking the three active compounds and ineffectiveness was the reason given by patients taking placebo. Imipramine-treated patients reported the most and placebo patients the least number of adverse effects. Imipramine and alprazolam, but not diazepam, produced significantly more improvement in depressed symptomatology than did placebo. Mean diazepam scores frequently assumed an intermediate position between those of imipramine or alprazolam and placebo. These treatment differences were found to be independent of initial severity levels of anxiety and depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

4-Aminosalicylic acid retention enemas in treatment of distal colitis.

Forty-five of 47 patients with distal ulcerative colitis completed a two-week double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to determine if 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) enemas, 1 g bid or 2 g bid, were therapeutically effective compared to placebo. Forty-one patients enrolled because they were refractory to or had side effects during conventional therapy with sulfasalazine or corticosteroids. Proctoscopic examination was done before and after two weeks of treatment. Patients kept daily diaries assessing: blood in stools, mucus in stools, tenesmus, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, weight loss, and malaise. Severity of each symptom ranged from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). A total severity score was calculated from the above for each patient. At the end of the two-week study, 35 patients elected to take 4-ASA in an open-label trial for one year. 4-ASA enemas in the 1-g bid but not the 2-g bid dosage were significantly more effective in improving symptoms than placebo: P less than or equal to 0.05. Neither dose of 4-ASA enema was better than placebo in improving the sigmoidoscopic appearance at the end of two-weeks. Forty-six percent of patients had complete resolution of all signs and symptoms in the open-label trial and 31% were better but still had sigmoidoscopic evidence of disease, a total response rate of 77%. Side effects were similar in the placebo and 4-ASA groups. We conclude that 4-ASA enemas in a dose of 1 g bid are safe and effective in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fractured long bones in a term infant delivered by cesarian section.

A term infant was delivered uneventfully by repeat Cesarian section. At the age of 1 week there was clinical and radiographic evidence of fractures of the left tibia and right radius. The fractures most likely occurred during the cesarian section. Birth trauma should not be excluded on the basis of Cesarian section delivery.

Adult↗