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Biomedical subjects

M Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaplan.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Aging and memory.

Although some age-related decline in memory probably occurs, most memory changes that result from normal aging are not as extensive within individuals or as representative within the population as previously had been believed (Zarit et al., 1981). Still, when older adults become aware of memory problems, they typically become quite alarmed (see Poon et al., 1980). One reason for this alarm is that memory loss has been found to be a reliable early sign of organic brain disease. Despite the sadness and severity of problems experienced by these patients and their families, the actual incidence of organic brain disease in older adults remains quite low. Unfortunately, it is possible that older adults' concern about less significant memory loss may compound or magnify problems that do exist. Therefore, when working with relatively healthy older adults, it is important first to consider possible transitory, nonmemory factors that could be contributing to memory problems and then to provide the clients with some perspective on their memory failures.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Systemic to pulmonary shunting masquerading as patent ductus arteriosus: a pitfall in clinical diagnosis.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) frequently complicates the course of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. A 920-g, 28 weeks' gestation infant with clinical and radiographic evidence of left to right shunting, was presumed to have a patent ductus arteriosus. Following ductal ligation the signs persisted. Aortic angiogram demonstrated multiple collateral vessels arising from the systemic circulation and communicating with pulmonary vessels. Accurate diagnosis of left to right shunting is imperative if such collateral shunting is not to go undiagnosed.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1987

Experimental Nd:YAG laser disintegration of methylmethacrylate. Analysis of gaseous products.

The difficulty of removing intramedullary methylmethacrylate (MM) in revision of hip prostheses is considerable. To facilitate its removal from bone, Nd:YAG laser energy was delivered to a bovine anatomic specimen of the femur with the medullary canal filled with MM. Through an endoscope the laser was observed to soften and ablate the methyl methacrylate. The vapors generated by this process were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The two chief components were hydrogen and carbon monoxide, followed by carbon dioxide, methane, acetylene, and C3 unsaturated hydrocarbons. A high capacity smoke evacuator must be used in conjunction with laser vaporization of methylmethacrylate. The method should be evaluated under in vivo conditions in dogs before it is attempted in patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of a new virus, HBLV, in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders.

A novel human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) was isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of six individuals: two HTLV-III seropositive patients from the United States (one with AIDS-related lymphoma and one with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy), three HTLV-III seronegative patients from the United States (one with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, one with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and one with immunoblastic lymphoma), and one HTLV-III seronegative patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia from Jamaica. All six isolates were closely related by antigenic analysis, and sera from all six virus-positive patients reacted immunologically with each virus isolate. In contrast, only four sera from 220 randomly selected healthy donors and none from 12 AIDS patients without associated lymphoma were seropositive. The virus selectively infected freshly isolated human B cells and converted them into large, refractile mono- or binucleated cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. HBLV is morphologically similar to viruses of the herpesvirus family but is readily distinguishable from the known human and nonhuman primate herpesviruses by host range, in vitro biological effects, and antigenic features.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Spectrum of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infection in children. Recognition of symptomatic, asymptomatic, and seronegative patients.

This study was done to gain insight into the clinical spectrum and immunologic disturbances resulting from infection with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) in children. Serum antibody to p41 antigen of HTLV-III and/or direct evidence of HTLV-III in lymphocytes was considered indicative of HTLV-III/LAV infection. In 36 children with HTLV-III/LAV infection, a wide clinical spectrum was noted, ranging from asymptomatic (seven children) to symptomatic, the latter including 14 children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Microcephaly was noted in five symptomatic infants. Immunologic dysfunction was noted in all symptomatic and in two asymptomatic children. Panhypogammaglobulinemia was noted in one child. Two asymptomatic children who were HTLV-III antibody negative had virologic evidence of HTLV-III infection. All of 20 mothers who were studied were HTLV-III antibody positive and had immunologic abnormalities but only nine were symptomatic, indicating that apparently healthy women may transmit HTLV-III/LAV infection to their offspring.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Intraoperative streptokinase. An adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy in the management of acute ischemia.

Streptokinase was injected directly into the arterial tree following balloon-catheter embolectomy on 13 occasions to remove residual thrombus that could not be mechanically retrieved in 12 patients with imminent limb (ten patients) or kidney (two patients) necrosis. Effective lysis, confirmed by arteriography, pulse return, and increased ankle pressures, was achieved in 11 trials (85%). Bleeding complications, minor in three patients and severe in two patients, were ascribed to systemic lysis although other factors were contributory. One of five deaths was related to therapy. Six limbs were salvaged. The average total dose of streptokinase used, 110,000 units, was given in intermittent boluses of 25,000 to 50,000 units injected below a clamp placed to temporarily occlude distal circulation. Safe application of this technique requires intraoperative monitoring of coagulation parameters, aggressive replacement therapy, and prudent patient selection. This preliminary experience suggests that intraoperative lytic therapy (1) is an effective method for clearing thrombus not amenable to mechanical extraction and (2) may improve patency and tissue salvage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Adinazolam, a new triazolobenzodiazepine, and imipramine in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of a new triazolobenzodiazepine, adinazolam, and imipramine in 40 patients with carefully diagnosed major depressive disorder. Overall, adinazolam was found to be as effective as imipramine. In addition, when patients with more severe, melancholic, subtype of depression were examined, adinazolam was also as effective as imipramine. With the exception of sedation, adinazolam patients demonstrated fewer overall adverse events than imipramine subjects. These results suggest that adinazolam may represent an interesting antidepressant compound.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hepatitis in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Histopathologic and immunocytologic features.

Hepatic morphology and immunocytology were evaluated in 4 children with clinical and immunologic characteristics of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immune deficiency syndrome related complex. All 4 children had hepatomegaly and increased serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity. Both lobular and portal changes were noted. Lymphocytic infiltration, piecemeal necrosis, hepatocellular and bile duct damage, sinusoidal cell hyperplasia, and endothelialitis were prominent. Vesicular rosettes in sinusoidal lymphocytes and tubuloreticular structures in sinusoidal endothelial cells were demonstrated by electron microscopy. The lymphocytic infiltrate in both the lobular and portal spaces was characterized by a relative increase of cytotoxic/suppressor (T8) cells. Hepatitis may be a common feature of pediatric acquired immune deficiency syndrome and acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complex. Although the histopathologic changes are consistent with chronic active hepatitis, the specific pathogenesis remains to be determined.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Effect of a high-dextrose diet on sucrase and lactase activity in jejunum of obese mice (C57BL/6J obob).

The activities of intestinal disaccharidases are known to be responsive to changes in the dietary intake of carbohydrates in the adult rat. Little is known, however, regarding the activities of these enzymes in obese subjects and how they are affected by differing carbohydrate intakes. To evaluate the effect of carbohydrate intake on the activity of intestinal disaccharidases in obesity, we used the genetically obese mouse C57BL/6J obob as an experimental model. Representing an example of early-onset obesity and mature-onset diabetes, this animal is characteristically hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic. Groups of obese mice and lean littermates were fed for 7 weeks equal amounts of either high-dextrose or low-dextrose isoenergetic diets. Sucrase, maltase, and lactase activities were measured on intestinal homogenates from the proximal and middle portions of the jejunoileum (upper and lower jejunum). Results were expressed as activity per tissue protein as well as total activity. Obese mice were found to have consistently greater total activity of both sucrase and maltase than their lean littermates, mostly as a result of increased intestinal size. Total lactase activity, however, was similar in the upper jejunum in both obese and lean mice, largely related to a decreased specific activity in obese mice. All mice fed the high-dextrose diet had significantly increased total activity of all disaccharidases studied when compared to the low-dextrose-fed animals, except for the lactase activity in the lower jejunum, where no differences were found in either group. Increases in activity related to high carbohydrate intake were a result of increases in specific activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Staphylococcal infections in aging mice.

Aging (17 to 22 months old) and young (1 1/2 to 2 months old) mice were infected with 5 X 10(7) staphylococci. Twenty-eight-day mortality was 70% in senescent mice and 14.3% in young mice. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of staphylococci by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells and leukocyte mobilization were studied after intraperitoneal infection. Intracellular killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes was slightly more effective in young mice but older mice mobilized about twice as many polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a 4-hour period. In older mice the lethality of intraperitoneally-administered staphylococcal toxins and salmonella endotoxin was markedly increased, the mortality rates in old and young mice being virtually identical to those found after intravenous infection with living staphylococci.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis using fluorescein-labeled antitoxoplasma monoclonal antibodies.

The direct immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antitoxoplasma antibodies was used to detect Toxoplasma organisms in 13 brain touch preparations and six smears of cerebrospinal fluid. For comparison, Giemsa-stained smears and histologic sections of the same cases were also studied. Positive results were obtained from two cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with all three methods. Toxoplasma cysts, pseudocysts, and tachyzoites were easily identified by the immunofluorescence technique, and no false-positive results were encountered in nine cases of AIDS with different kinds of encephalitides. It was difficult to identify tachyzoites in histologic sections and time-consuming to search for pseudocysts and cysts. The parasite was even more difficult to recognize in Giemsa-stained brain touch preparations due to the easy distortion of the organisms. In the present study, immunofluorescence technique was more sensitive than hematoxylin--eosin or Giemsa staining in terms of the number and range of forms demonstrated in tissue. Therefore, immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies appears to be the preferred method for a rapid diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis as compared to Giemsa staining and histology.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Pulmonary edema and acute upper airway obstruction.

Pulmonary edema following the relief of acute upper airway obstruction is unusual and unpredictable. The cause is usually attributed to pulmonary and hemodynamic changes resulting from high negative intrathoracic pressures during obstructed respiration. The incidence of this problem is not known. Why pulmonary edema develops in only certain patients is also unclear. We reviewed the records of 27 consecutive adult patients admitted and treated for acute upper airway obstruction. Three of 27 (11%) developed pulmonary edema. Age, sex, diagnosis, duration of obstruction, history of cardiopulmonary disease, and perioperative fluid administration were evaluated. No differences were noted between those who did and those who did not develop pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema following acute upper airway obstruction appears to be more common than is generally appreciated, however, no specific factors seem related to its occurrence.

Adult↗