Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Jelicic

Publications and source records attributed to M Jelicic.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Memory during general anesthesia: practical and methodological aspects.

Evidence coming from several studies into memory and awareness during general anesthesia suggests that in surgical patients who seem to be adequately anesthetized (i.e., unaware of what happens in the operating theater), some form of cognitive functioning is preserved. This finding has important implications both for clinical practice and for memory research. In order to give the methodological background of the present situation in this field of research, this article deals, on the basis of recent experiments, with important methodological aspects of studies into perception and memory during general anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

Exposure and participant modelling in a case of injection phobia.

BACKGROUND: From the literature it appears that there may be two types of injection phobia, (1) the 'vasovagal' type, and (2) the 'resistant' type. The first type is characterized by a diphasic cardiovascular response during or after injection and by a tendency to react in a passive, nonresisting way when injected. The second type is characterized by strong, sometimes violent resistance and no vasovagal reaction to an injection. Characteristics of blood injury phobia apply to the first type, but not to the second. The possibility is considered that exposure may be an effective treatment in the first type, and participant modelling in the second type. METHOD: A single case study was carried out with a case of injection phobia of the second type in which exposure with modelling, followed by participant modelling of the injection, was applied. Measures of state anxiety (STAI) and heart rate were obtained. RESULTS: According to expectation, participant modelling of injections was effective in eliminating the fear of injections in a patient of the second type of injection phobia. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study warrant further investigation of the model in a group design in which the differential treatment effects of exposure and participant modelling are tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Brief correspondence: impaired perceptually-based implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients and normal controls were administered three different memory tests: a perceptual implicit memory task (word-fragment completion), a conceptual implicit task (category-association) and an explicit task (recognition). AD patients were outperformed by controls on word-fragment completion but not on the other tasks. Word completion tests may be of use to clinicians involved in memory assessment.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Implicit memory performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a brief review.

Memory can be assessed with either explicit or implicit tasks. Implicit memory tasks, in contrast with explicit tasks, do not refer to conscious recollection of a previous learning experience. Implicit memory is revealed by a change in task performance that can be attributed to previous learning. Amnesic patients perform poorly on explicit memory tasks, but exhibit normal performance on implicit tasks. Recently, researchers have studied the implicit memory performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article aims to give an overview of the performance of Alzheimer patients on four tasks of implicit memory. Compared with normal elderly controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease seem to demonstrate impaired performance on conceptual, but not on perceptual, implicit memory tasks. This dissociation could yield important information about the neurologic systems subserving implicit memory processes. Some suggestions for future research into the implicit memory of Alzheimer patients are given.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Assessment of preoperative anxiety: comparison of measures in patients awaiting surgery for breast cancer.

We have compared three measurements of anxiety to determine their equivalence in assessing anxiety before surgery. Forty-four patients awaiting breast cancer surgery completed the state scale of the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) and a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Analysis restricted to correlations between the scales gave the misleading impression that VAS scores were inconsistent with those of the HAD and STAI. However, when scores were considered in relation to normative cut-off values to categorize anxiety levels, the three scales showed good agreement. We conclude that the scales were equivalent in their assessment of anxiety before surgery, but that reference to normative data was important in establishing such equivalence and in determining the patient's state.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The effect of midazolam premedication on implicit memory activation during alfentanil-nitrous oxide anaesthesia.

Eighty-three patients were given midazolam 0.1 mg.kg-1 by intramuscular injection as premedication before general anaesthesia with alfentanil-nitrous oxide. During anaesthesia patients were presented (through headphones) with either statements about common facts of some years ago (group A) (n = 43) or new verbal associations, e.g. names of fictitious, nonfamous people (group B) (n = 40). In a previous study with the same anaesthetic technique, but without premedication there was significant activation of implicit memory (p < 0.001). In this study we found no explicit or implicit memory for the auditory information presented during anaesthesia. Midazolam premedication can prevent implicit memory activation during alfentanil-nitrous oxide anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Aging and performance on implicit memory tasks: a brief review.

Older adults exhibit poorer performance than younger adults on tests of recall and recognition. Recall and recognition are labeled explicit memory tasks; they require conscious recollection of a previous learning experience. This paper deals with the performance of elderly people on tasks that do not require intentional recollection--so-called implicit memory tasks. It appears that older subjects perform normally on perceptual implicit tasks, but show somewhat reduced priming in conceptual implicit tasks. This finding is in accordance with the neuroanatomical changes in old age. Implications for theories of implicit memory are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Implicit memory in patients with Alzheimer disease: a concise review].

Experimental psychologists have made a distinction between explicit and implicit memory tasks. In contrast to explicit tasks implicit ones do not refer to conscious recollection of a previous learning episode. Implicit memory is revealed by a change in task performance which can be attributed to previous learning. Amnesic patients, by definition, perform poorly on explicit memory tasks, but exhibit normal performance on certain implicit tasks. In recent years, investigators have studied the implicit memory capabilities of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The present article aims to give an overview of the performance of Alzheimer patients on four tasks of implicit memory. Compared with normal elderly persons, patients with Alzheimer's disease seem to demonstrate impaired performance on conceptual, but not on perceptual implicit memory tasks. This dissociation could yield important information about the neurological systems subserving implicit memory processes. Some suggestions for future research into implicit memory in Alzheimer patients are given.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Korsakoff syndrome].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Implicit memory for stimuli presented during anaesthesia: role of anaesthetic cocktail and memory test.

Recently, investigators have used so-called implicit memory tests to investigate 'hearing' during general anaesthesia. Some of them were able to demonstrate auditory perception in anaesthetized patients, but others have failed to find any evidence for intraoperative stimulus registration. We argue that differences in anaesthetic cocktails and memory tests can explain why some researchers have produced positive results, supportive of information-processing under anaesthesia, and others have not. It appears that stimulus registration can occur during surgery, regardless of anaesthetic technique. However, processing of complex information may only be possible during nitrous oxide anaesthesia.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1993

Implicit learning during enflurane anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing patients?

Forty-one patients breathing spontaneously during enflurane anesthesia were presented (via headphones) either with statements about common facts of some years ago, or new verbal associations, i.e. names of fictitious people. Postoperatively, there were no differences between the two groups in the responses to questions about the common facts or attribution of fame to the fictitious people. This finding suggests that unconscious learning and activation may not occur during enflurane anaesthesia without neuromuscular block.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Suggestibility and headache reports in schoolchildren: a problem in epidemiology.

In a sample from the general population of school children of 15 years of age, we studied whether receiving information about the prevalence of headaches had any effect on their subsequent headache report. Sixty children in the fourth year at four secondary schools were allocated at random to two conditions: a biased condition emphasizing the high prevalence of headaches and a neutral condition. Subjects in the biased condition reported more headaches but they did not report more other physical symptoms than the subjects in the neutral condition. The results are discussed in terms of Pennebaker's theory on reporting symptoms. It is concluded that epidemiological research using the general population should deal more explicitly with the way in which subjects are motivated to participate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clinical note on the use of denial in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer.

44 patients awaiting surgery for breast cancer completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Thirteen patients had anxiety scores within the normal range, and five of them even scored extremely low in anxiety. These five and possibly all 13 patients were probably using denial as a defense against the stress of major surgery.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Unconscious learning during anaesthesia.

Forty-three surgical patients were, during general anaesthesia, presented (via headphones) with either statements about common facts of some years ago (group A), or new verbal associations, i.e. the names of fictitious, nonfamous people (group B). None had any recall of intra-operative events. In a postoperative test of indirect memory, patients in group A answered more questions about the 'common facts' correctly than those in group B (p < 0.005), which reflects the activation of pre-existing knowledge. Furthermore, patients in group B designated more 'nonfamous names' as famous (thus falsely attributing fame) than patients in group A (p < 0.001), which demonstrates that information-processing during anaesthesia can also take place as unconscious learning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pre-operative anxiety variables as possible predictors of post-operative stay in hospital.

The extent to which measures of pre-operative anxiety predict post-operative hospital stay, over and above what is predicted by biographical, medical status and post-operative anxiety variables, was examined in 81 cholecystectomy patients. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that patients who were older, had lower health status and suffered from wound infection, had a longer post-operative hospital stay than others. None of the pre-operative anxiety measures had a significant incremental value in the prediction of the post-operative hospital stay.

Anxiety↗