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Biomedical subjects

M Jelicic

Publications and source records attributed to M Jelicic.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The effect of midazolam premedication on implicit memory activation during alfentanil-nitrous oxide anaesthesia.

Eighty-three patients were given midazolam 0.1 mg.kg-1 by intramuscular injection as premedication before general anaesthesia with alfentanil-nitrous oxide. During anaesthesia patients were presented (through headphones) with either statements about common facts of some years ago (group A) (n = 43) or new verbal associations, e.g. names of fictitious, nonfamous people (group B) (n = 40). In a previous study with the same anaesthetic technique, but without premedication there was significant activation of implicit memory (p < 0.001). In this study we found no explicit or implicit memory for the auditory information presented during anaesthesia. Midazolam premedication can prevent implicit memory activation during alfentanil-nitrous oxide anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Aging and performance on implicit memory tasks: a brief review.

Older adults exhibit poorer performance than younger adults on tests of recall and recognition. Recall and recognition are labeled explicit memory tasks; they require conscious recollection of a previous learning experience. This paper deals with the performance of elderly people on tasks that do not require intentional recollection--so-called implicit memory tasks. It appears that older subjects perform normally on perceptual implicit tasks, but show somewhat reduced priming in conceptual implicit tasks. This finding is in accordance with the neuroanatomical changes in old age. Implications for theories of implicit memory are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Implicit memory in patients with Alzheimer disease: a concise review].

Experimental psychologists have made a distinction between explicit and implicit memory tasks. In contrast to explicit tasks implicit ones do not refer to conscious recollection of a previous learning episode. Implicit memory is revealed by a change in task performance which can be attributed to previous learning. Amnesic patients, by definition, perform poorly on explicit memory tasks, but exhibit normal performance on certain implicit tasks. In recent years, investigators have studied the implicit memory capabilities of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The present article aims to give an overview of the performance of Alzheimer patients on four tasks of implicit memory. Compared with normal elderly persons, patients with Alzheimer's disease seem to demonstrate impaired performance on conceptual, but not on perceptual implicit memory tasks. This dissociation could yield important information about the neurological systems subserving implicit memory processes. Some suggestions for future research into implicit memory in Alzheimer patients are given.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Korsakoff syndrome].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Implicit memory for stimuli presented during anaesthesia: role of anaesthetic cocktail and memory test.

Recently, investigators have used so-called implicit memory tests to investigate 'hearing' during general anaesthesia. Some of them were able to demonstrate auditory perception in anaesthetized patients, but others have failed to find any evidence for intraoperative stimulus registration. We argue that differences in anaesthetic cocktails and memory tests can explain why some researchers have produced positive results, supportive of information-processing under anaesthesia, and others have not. It appears that stimulus registration can occur during surgery, regardless of anaesthetic technique. However, processing of complex information may only be possible during nitrous oxide anaesthesia.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1993

Implicit learning during enflurane anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing patients?

Forty-one patients breathing spontaneously during enflurane anesthesia were presented (via headphones) either with statements about common facts of some years ago, or new verbal associations, i.e. names of fictitious people. Postoperatively, there were no differences between the two groups in the responses to questions about the common facts or attribution of fame to the fictitious people. This finding suggests that unconscious learning and activation may not occur during enflurane anaesthesia without neuromuscular block.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Suggestibility and headache reports in schoolchildren: a problem in epidemiology.

In a sample from the general population of school children of 15 years of age, we studied whether receiving information about the prevalence of headaches had any effect on their subsequent headache report. Sixty children in the fourth year at four secondary schools were allocated at random to two conditions: a biased condition emphasizing the high prevalence of headaches and a neutral condition. Subjects in the biased condition reported more headaches but they did not report more other physical symptoms than the subjects in the neutral condition. The results are discussed in terms of Pennebaker's theory on reporting symptoms. It is concluded that epidemiological research using the general population should deal more explicitly with the way in which subjects are motivated to participate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clinical note on the use of denial in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer.

44 patients awaiting surgery for breast cancer completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Thirteen patients had anxiety scores within the normal range, and five of them even scored extremely low in anxiety. These five and possibly all 13 patients were probably using denial as a defense against the stress of major surgery.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Effect of different therapeutic suggestions presented during anaesthesia on post-operative course.

A double-blind, randomized study was conducted to examine the effect of different types of therapeutic suggestions, administered during general anaesthesia, on post-operative course. Eighty-two patients undergoing cholecystectomy were intra-operatively exposed to either affirmative and non-affirmative suggestions, affirmative or non-affirmative suggestions separately, or some irrelevant text. Patients who had received both affirmative and non-affirmative suggestions spent less time in hospital than patients in the other three groups. No significant differences were demonstrated for subjective well-being measured on the third and sixth days.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1992

Unconscious learning during anaesthesia.

Forty-three surgical patients were, during general anaesthesia, presented (via headphones) with either statements about common facts of some years ago (group A), or new verbal associations, i.e. the names of fictitious, nonfamous people (group B). None had any recall of intra-operative events. In a postoperative test of indirect memory, patients in group A answered more questions about the 'common facts' correctly than those in group B (p < 0.005), which reflects the activation of pre-existing knowledge. Furthermore, patients in group B designated more 'nonfamous names' as famous (thus falsely attributing fame) than patients in group A (p < 0.001), which demonstrates that information-processing during anaesthesia can also take place as unconscious learning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pre-operative anxiety variables as possible predictors of post-operative stay in hospital.

The extent to which measures of pre-operative anxiety predict post-operative hospital stay, over and above what is predicted by biographical, medical status and post-operative anxiety variables, was examined in 81 cholecystectomy patients. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that patients who were older, had lower health status and suffered from wound infection, had a longer post-operative hospital stay than others. None of the pre-operative anxiety measures had a significant incremental value in the prediction of the post-operative hospital stay.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1991

Preoperative anxiety and motives for surgery.

Preoperative anxiety was assessed in 20 patients undergoing surgery for esthetic reasons and 20 other surgical patients. Patients with plastic surgery reported significantly less anxiety than patients with general surgery, as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Auditory perception during general anesthesia: psychologic consequences.

Since the introduction of general anesthesia in the middle of the 19th century, incidents of auditory perception during general anesthesia have been reported in the medical literature. Most of these reports have dealt with purely medical issues, and surprisingly little has been written on the psychologic sequelae of these instances of auditory perception. We discuss the possible psychologic consequences of such perception, and suggest methods of treatment and prevention of the negative aspects of auditory perception during general anesthesia.

Aged↗