Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Horiguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Horiguchi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Fusion and activation of human alveolar macrophages induced by recombinant interferon-gamma and their suppression by dexamethasone.

Multinucleated giant cells appear in the inflamed tissues of granulomatous lung diseases. These giant cells are thought to be formed from macrophages by fusion, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a lymphokine that activates macrophages. In this report, we examined the in vitro effect of recombinant IFN-gamma on activation and fusion of human alveolar macrophages. Adding IFN-gamma to the culture promoted fusion of alveolar macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but untreated control macrophages remained mostly mononuclear. The fusion rate attained a maximum of about 20% on Day 5, and the number of nuclei per cell increased in parallel with the increase in IFN-gamma concentration. Adding IFN-gamma also activated some functions of the alveolar macrophages, as measured by increased glucose consumption and cytostatic activity against HeLa cells. Maximal cytostatic activity was obtained by adding 1,000 units/ml of IFN-gamma. The glucose consumption of alveolar macrophages from patients with cancer was relatively low, but IFN-gamma restored their glucose consumption approximately to the level in a healthy volunteer and in patients with pneumonia. Dexamethasone inhibited both the fusion and the activation of alveolar macrophages induced by IFN-gamma. These results suggest that IFN-gamma is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary granuloma formation by inducing activation and fusion of alveolar macrophages. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone appears to reflect its therapeutic effects in treating patients with granulomatous lung diseases.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1987

On- and off-responses in photopic electroretinogram in complete and incomplete types of congenital stationary night blindness.

The on- and off-responses of photopic electroretinogram (ERG) were recorded by rectangular light stimuli in 13 patients with complete type and 9 patients with incomplete type of congenital stationary night blindness. The positive on-response (b-wave) was significantly smaller in both types than in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). The rapid off-response was normal in complete type patients, but was significantly smaller in incomplete type patients than in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). Since the rapid off-response mainly reflects the decay of the late receptor potential of the cones, incomplete type patients may have a visual disturbance in the cone itself. Normal rapid off-response with abnormal on-response in complete type patients suggests the existence of a photopic visual disturbance in the middle retinal layer. These results strongly suggest that these two types of congenital stationary night blindness have a different pathogenesis in the photopic visual pathway.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Characteristic ERG-flicker anomaly in incomplete congenital stationary night blindness.

Ten patients with the incomplete type of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) were examined with a 30 Hz flicker electroretinogram (ERG). After 30 min of dark adaptation, 30 Hz flicker ERG was recorded continuously for 12-15 min under white background illumination. All patients showed an exaggerated increase of amplitude and a universal characteristic change of wave shape as the light adaptation progressed. Thirty normal subjects also showed increased amplitude during light adaptation, but the increase in amplitude was significantly less than in incomplete-type CSNB, and there was little change in wave shape. The same procedure was applied to patients with complete-type CSNB, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital retinoschisis, cone dystrophy, and Oguchi's disease; neither the exaggerated increase of amplitude nor the wave change was seen. Our results indicate that incomplete-type CSNB is a newly identified cone-rod dysfunction syndrome with a special functional property.

Electroretinography↗
PubMed1986

Local macular ERG in patients with Best's disease.

We examined a pair of siblings, a 10-year-old girl (case 1) and a 12-year-old girl (case 2), with Best's disease. The visual acuity was nearly normal in both patients. The central visual field measured with auto-plot tangent screen revealed a small relative paracentral scotoma only in the left eye of case 2. We failed to detect any abnormality in photopic and scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) recorded with Ganzfeld stimuli and the electrooculogram light rise was absent in both patients. Local macular ERG was recorded under a fundus monitor by infrared television fundus camera with test spots of 5, 10, and 15 degrees in diameter. The center of the stimulus spot was always on the fovea during the recording. The local macular ERG was absent in both patients. Our results of local macular ERG may indicate disturbance of the central portion of the retina.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Drug monitoring by a fully automated high-performance liquid chromatographic technique, involving direct injection of plasma.

A procedure involving direct injection of whole plasma for analyses of drugs by an automated high-performance liquid chromatograph was developed. This system comprised two columns, two pumps, one detector, two programmable switching valves, an automatic sample injector with a cooling device for sample tubes and a microprocessor. Effluents from the first column, containing a drug of interest, were selectively introduced into the second column for further separation. The columns used were an aqueous gel chromatography column (column 1) and an ODS column (column 2). The solvent for column 1 must be weaker than that for column 2, so that the solutes from the former will be enriched at the top of the latter. The validity and applicability of this procedure for the study of drug metabolism were demonstrated with the antibiotic cefmetazole, the anticoagulant warfarin, the antitumour agent carboquone and the anaesthetic ketamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Congenital stationary night blindness with negative electroretinogram. A new classification.

An analysis of 64 patients with congenital stationary night blindness showed that all had essentially normal fundi. Electroretinography (ERG) showed a normal a wave with extremely reduced b wave (negative type) when recorded with a single bright white stimulus in the dark. We classified these patients into two groups based on the evaluation of rod ERG and/or psychophysical dark adaptation measured with an 11 degree test target at 15 degrees in the upper part of the retina. One group (35 patients) lacked rod function (complete type). Nine patients could not be classified. No pedigree showed a complete and incomplete type in one family. Differences between the two groups in refractive error, photopic function, and oscillatory potentials in the ERG suggest a different pathogenesis. Our analysis may provide a new classification of congenital stationary night blindness with a negative ERG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Response of body protein and energy gain in growing chicks to differences in energy intake and composition of diet.

Responses of metabolized energy, body protein gain and body energy gain of growing chicks to planes of energy intake and dietary composition of energy-yielding nutrients were studied. Ten diets were formulated to cover the entire range of composition (0-100%) of protein, fat and carbohydrate on the basis of gross energy (GE) and three sets of 10 groups of chicks were force-fed these diets at planes of 1380, 1076 and 773 kcal GE/chick per 10 d. The response surfaces of metabolized energy at each plane of GE intake were convex, and the upper two surfaces contacted in the field of 0% GE of dietary protein (PGE). The response surface of body energy gain was almost parallel to that of metabolized energy at each plane of GE intake, but the slopes of the body energy gain upward to the peak from the foot on the 100% PGE field were steep compared with those of the metabolized energy. On the other hand, the response surfaces of body protein gain at any plane of GE intake were also convex, and sloped down from the field of about 60% PGE to the higher PGE field and to the 0% PGE field. Regardless of the plane of GE intake, the body energy gain reached a plateau at about 25% PGE and the body protein gain at about 60% PGE. That body protein gain depends on both protein intake and plane of GE intake was clearly shown. On the basis of these results we calculated partial efficiency of metabolized energy utilization, and discussed validity of the classical definition of a "balanced ration."

Animal Feed↗