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Biomedical subjects

M Horiguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Horiguchi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The innervation of deep muscles of the human forearm extensors].

The innervation of four deep muscles of the human forearm extensors (the abductor pollicis longus, the extensor pollicis brevis, the extensor pollicis longus, and the extensor indicis muscles) were investigated in 24 bodies (48 sides) from those used in the 1989 and 1990 student courses in gross anatomy dissection at the Iwate Medical University School of Medicine. The forearm extensor muscles and the deep branch of the radial nerve were dissected intensively in the student courses in gross anatomy and were removed afterwards. The four deep muscles of the human forearm extensors and the nerves innervating the muscles were observed while they were immersed in the water and with use of a stereomicroscope--with the assistance of which they were drawn. In six sides the intramuscular nerve supply was also examined carefully and drawn. The results were as follows. 1. The nerves to the four deep muscles of the forearm extensors arose usually from the deep branch of the radial nerve after emerging the supinator muscle and sending branches to superficial forearm extensors. In some cases a nerve or nerves to the superficial forearm extensors were observed arising from the deep branch of the radial nerve after sending one or more branches to the deep forearm extensor muscles, or from the branches to the deep muscles themselves. However they were split easily from the deep branch of the radial nerve and from the branches to the four deep forearm extensors proximally near to the emerging of the deep branch from the supinator muscle. Therefore, it was considered to be constant that the nerves to the four deep forearm extensors arose from the deep branch of the radial nerve after branching to the superficial forearm extensors. 2. The radial group of the deep forearm extensors (the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis muscles) was innervated usually by one branch that arose from the deep branch of the radial nerve just after emerging from the supinator and giving off branches to the superficial forearm extensors. This branch ran on the dorsal (extensor) surface of the abductor pollicis longus muscle distally, sending many twigs to this muscle, and entered into the muscle at various distances from the origin (Figs. 1-6). The abductor pollicis brevis muscle was innervated by some twigs that ran usually inside but occasionally outside of the abductor pollicis longus muscle (Figs. 7-10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Forearm↗
PubMed1992

Growth and utilization of nutrients in newly-hatched chick with or without removal of residual yolk.

Two experiments were conducted to characterize the growth and utilization of nutrients in newly-hatched chicks, and to determine nutritional roles of residual yolk by comparing chicks with or without deutectomy (removal of residual yolk sac). Rapid growth during 14 days after hatch was shown in the fed chicks. Daily feed intake increased linearly for 15 days posthatch, resulting in a high efficiency (80%) of feed utilization. Residual yolk in the abdomen averaged 6.4 g at hatch and rapidly disappeared during the first 3 days. Posthatch starvation resulted in a decrease in carcass lipid content but did not modify the disappearance rate of yolk in the abdomen. Weight of the digestive tract per unit body weight increased markedly up to 3-7 days of age followed by a gradual decrease in the fed chicks. Metabolizability of dietary energy and absorption of dietary lipid were the highest at hatch, then declined to the lowest at day 5 or 6, and thereafter gradually increased. The deutectomy did not influence the metabolizability of dietary energy and lipid, and the carcass composition, but delayed the growth by 2 days behind the control chicks. These results indicate that the metabolism and nutrition of newly-hatched chicks markedly fluctuate and that the residual yolk has crucial roles in complementing the nutrients absorbed to assure their rapid growth posthatch.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

A greater stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by serum from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

In an attempt to delineate the differential characteristics of serum from hypertensives on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), we compare the effect of serum from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with that from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) in its ability to stimulate proliferation in VSMC. Cell number determination showed that 10% serum from either of the two strains substantially stimulated proliferation of serially passed cultured VSMC, the effect being significantly greater with SHR serum than with WKY serum. 3H-thymidine incorporation into newly synthetized DNA was also tested after treatment with 10% SHR or WKY serum. A substantial increase in the uptake was noted in response to the rat serum, the effect tending to be greater with SHR serum than with WKY serum. No difference was found between the two strains in cell size determined as intracellular water volume. These data provide the evidence of an increased growth stimulating activity of SHR serum. This abnormality may be superimposed on the already-known innate hyperproliferative capacity of VSMC of SHR, leading to an increase in the deterioration of vascular complications seen in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Long-term exposure of Wistar rats to high dietary sodium chloride level. I. Changes in aortic connective tissue components.

The effect of chronic salt loading on aortic components of connective tissue was evaluated in normotensive Wistar rats maintained on a high sodium chloride (NaCl; 8%) regime for a period of 30, 90, 180 and 360 days. The blood pressure remained unchanged until 90 days and was significantly elevated thereafter. The high NaCl diet for 180 days influenced neither the serum levels of both total cholesterol and triglyceride nor the aortic contents of collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) derived from the proteoglycans. The only significant change associated with a 360-day massive NaCl ingestion was the increased aortic concentration of total GAG due to an increase in chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate rather than hyaluronic acid. This study suggests that an increase in the contents of sulfated GAG occurred in the late stage of hypertensive aorta of NaCl loaded rats might be responsible, at least in part, for the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Long-term exposure of Wistar rats to high dietary sodium chloride level. II. Changes in hepatic drug-metabolizing and glutathione-related enzyme systems.

The effect of excess sodium chloride (NaCl) intake on hepatic drug-metabolizing and glutathione-related enzyme systems in rats was investigated for a period of 360 days. There was no change in any parameters studied until day 180 of the experiment. However, feeding of a 8% NaCl diet for 360 days produced a decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity, and resulted in a lowered capacity of hepatic tissue to activate benzo[a]pyrene to mutagens detectable in the Ames bacterial mutagenesis assay. These observations suggest that although there may be little possibility of the involvement of high NaCl diet in the carcinogenic effects of benzo[a]pyrene, long-term excess NaCl intake could reduce the potential for detoxification of many xenobiotic compounds leading to various pathological process.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Batten disease--deteriorating course of ocular findings.

For over two years, we monitored the visual functions and ocular findings of two siblings with Batten disease. At the initial visit, the older patient was in the advanced stage of the disease, manifesting symptoms similar to those previously reported by many authors. The younger patient, on the other hand, was in the early stage of the disease at the time of the first visit. In the next 8 months, however, the visual acuity of the younger patient decreased rapidly, from 1.0 to below 0.1. Although the electroretinogram (ERG) showed a normal a-wave and a reduced b-wave when visual acuity was normal, repeated recordings of the ERG at each visit revealed rapid reduction of the b-wave. This finding seems to confirm the animal data, indicating that the primary lesion of the retina was in the inner layers. To our knowledge, this is the first report on these phenomena which may be unique to the deteriorating visual system in Batten disease and may facilitate early diagnosis.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Electroretinographic monitoring of retinal function during eye surgery.

We performed a pilot study of electroretinographic monitoring of retinal function during eye surgery performed with local anesthesia. A contact lens with a built-in light-emitting diode was sterilized and used as both a stimulus source and a recording electrode for 30-Hz flicker electroretinograms. Each recording required 7 seconds, during which the operating light (but not the room light) was switched off. Electroretinograms recorded during surgery on 10 patients with minimal retinal abnormality were evaluated for the effects of light adaptation caused by regular exposure to an operating light source or operating microscope. The fluctuations of the amplitude and peak time were small, indicating that this technique can be used to monitor retinal function during eye surgery. Some results during retinal and vitreous surgeries are shown.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1991

Effect of temperature on electroretinograph readings during closed vitrectomy in humans.

To determine whether intraocular cooling using room-temperature irrigating solution can cause abnormal electroretinograph readings, we operated on six patients with premacular fibrosis and minimal retinal detachment, measuring the temperature in the vitreous cavity and using an electroretinographic monitor. The temperature in the vitreous cavity dropped to 27 degrees C to 28 degrees C after vitrectomies during which room-temperature solutions were used. This resulted in abnormal electroretinograph readings (markedly delayed peak times and reduced amplitudes). These results suggest that the routinely used room-temperature solution affects retinal function during vitrectomy; however, this functional change was reversible in patients having only minimal retinal abnormality.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1991

Instrumentation for superior cortex removal.

A recently developed aspiration tip and suction distributor for use in cataract surgery allow two-handed aspiration of the residual cortex lentis through the two incisions used in two-handed phacoemulsification. The instruments also facilitate removal of the cortex lentis at the 12 o'clock position, which is sometimes difficult to aspirate with an irrigation-aspiration tip only.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1991

Simultaneous determination of gemfibrozil and its metabolites in plasma and urine by a fully automated high performance liquid chromatographic system.

Sensitive and specific methods for the simultaneous determination of gemfibrozil (Lopid), a lipid-lowering agent, and its metabolites in plasma and urine are described. The methods are based on a fully automated high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system with fluorescence detection. Urine samples, diluted with acetonitrile, were directly analysed by HPLC using a flow and eluent programming method. In the case of plasma, gemfibrozil and its main metabolites were extracted from acidified samples and the resulting extracts injected into the chromatographic system. The sensitivity was approximately 100 ng/mL for gemfibrozil and its four metabolites using 0.5 mL plasma or urine. An acyl glucuronide of gemfibrozil excreted in human urine after oral administration of the drug was isolated and its structure and stability examined.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1991

Effects of excess and deficiency of dietary methionine on mixed-function oxidase system of hepatic microsomes in male broilers.

1. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary methionine levels on the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system in male broiler chicks. 2. The level of dietary methionine for the highest growth coincided with that for the MFO activity. 3. Dietary methionine deficiency reduced MFO activity, but the reduction effect was not constant. 4. Dietary methionine excess also reduced MFO activity, even though growth rate was held at a maximum.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of supplemental ascorbic acid on performance, organ weight and plasma cholesterol concentration in broilers treated with propylthiouracil.

1. Four experiments were conducted to determine if dietary ascorbic acid (AA) affects body weight gain, food intake, organ weights, plasma cholesterol concentration, and ascorbic acid concentration in the plasma and liver of growing male broilers treated with an antithyroidal agent, propylthiouracil (PTU). 2. In the first experiment, 15 mg AA was administered daily into the crop of chicks fed on a diet supplemented with or without PTU (500 mg/kg). Administration of AA reduced plasma cholesterol concentrations in the PTU-treated chicks. 3. In the other three experiments, chicks were given the basal diet or an AA-containing (3 g/kg) diet supplemented with or without PTU (250 mg or 500 mg/kg). Feeding AA partly prevented the decreases in body weight gain, gain:food ratio and weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus in chicks fed on the 250 mg/kg PTU diet, and also prevented the increase in plasma cholesterol concentrations in chicks fed on the PTU diet. 4. These results suggest that AA improves the performance of chicks with experimentally induced hypothyroidism.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

[Intramuscular distribution of nerves supplying the soleus muscle in the chimpanzee].

The human soleus muscle is considered a specialized muscle in terms of its origin, insertion and muscle fibre architecture (especially with regard to the existence of the bipenniform part). Its peculiarities have been understood as results of erect posture and bipedal walking (Frey, 1913). Sekiya (1991) pointed out that another feature of the human soleus muscle the nerve supply, i.e. the muscle received two kinds of nerves, the anterior branch (R. anterior) and the posterior branch (R. posterior); the former supplied the bipenniform part at the anterior surface of the muscle and communicated with the R. posterior within the muscle. In nonhuman primates, the soleus muscle has no bipenniform part and the nerve, identical with the R. anterior to the human soleus muscle, is unknown. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the pattern of the nerve supply to the soleus muscle in the chimpanzee, with special reference to the intramuscular distribution of the nerves and to discuss the origin of the R. anterior to the human soleus muscle from a comparative anatomical point of view. Six soleus muscles from three chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were examined under a stereomicroscope to clarify the intramuscular distribution of nerves supplying these muscles. The nerves supplying the soleus muscle were classified into three types according to the sites of their entry into the muscle. The first group nerve was the thickest of all nerves innervating the muscle, entered the muscle at the posterior surface of the proximal third and was considered as homologous with the R. posterior in the human.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Temporal and spatial properties of suppressive rod-cone interaction.

Recordings were obtained from rods and horizontal cells of Xenopus, using an eyecup preparation. The enhancement of cone signals produced by rod backgrounds was measured using flickering red spots of varying intensity and diameter, and the experiments were repeated with cone stimuli consisting of alteration of wavelengths of 660 and 605 nm, adjusted for equal effects on rods or cones ("silent substitution"). Rods responded to red flicker with discrete wavelets up to 5 Hz. The characteristics of suppressive rod-cone interaction (SRCI) depend on the precise stimulus parameters. In particular, the reported low-pass attenuation of SRCI is absent with silent substitution. An analysis of the responses to backgrounds in horizontal cells, and the effects of the red light flashes in rods, led to the conclusion that the characteristics of SRCI are determined partially by the fact that "cone" stimuli excite rods and vice versa. This result simplifies the mechanism of SRCI and permits a comparison between the studies of SRCI using electroretinograms and horizontal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Inflammatory mediators in postoperative aphakic and pseudophakic baboon eyes.

We measured prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 in the aqueous humor of baboon eyes, 1 or 8 days after phacoemulsification, with or without posterior chamber lens implantation. We also evaluated the effects of steroid eye drops and cyclooxygenase inhibitor eye drops on the synthesis of these mediators of inflammation. Eyes that had undergone phacoemulsification showed significant elevation of prostaglandin E2 at both postoperative periods compared with normal, phakic control eyes. The level of prostaglandin E2 was significantly (P less than .05) higher in eyes with posterior chamber lens implantation than in those without it, and was significantly (P less than .05) higher on the eighth than on the first postoperative day. The amount of leukotriene B4 was below the detection limit, except in the few eyes in which complications developed. Cyclooxygenase inhibitor eye drops significantly reduced the amount of prostaglandin E2 on both postoperative days, while steroid eye drops had no such effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Accessory arteries supplying the human transverse colon.

An accessory colic artery which arose from the superior mesenteric artery more proximally than the first jejunal artery and met the marginal artery at the splenic flexure was observed in 32 of 65 subjects (49.2%). Considering its constant morphological features, this accessory colic artery was given the new nomenclature 'superior left colic artery (arteria colica sinistra superior; CSS)'. The unusual middle colic artery arising from the celiac trunk was supposed to be caused by the anastomosis between the dorsal pancreatic artery from the CSS and that from the celiac trunk. An additional epiploic branch derived from the pancreatic branch (posterior epiploic branch) also sent an accessory colic artery in 2 subjects. But judging from its origin and area of distribution which overlaps with that of the middle colic artery, this accessory colic artery is not equivalent to CSS.

Arteries↗