Focal electroretinogram and visual field defect in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Horiguchi
Publications and source records attributed to M Horiguchi.
Transferable lipids in oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulate plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and inhibit tissue-type plasminogen activator release from endothelial cells.
Decreased fibrinolytic activity has been reported in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. To determine whether oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), which accumulates in atherosclerotic arteries, modulates the endothelial fibrinolytic system, cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with low-density lipoproteins or lipids, and levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigens in the conditioned medium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ox-LDL (30 micrograms protein/mL) and its extracted lipid (50 micrograms cholesterol/mL) stimulated PAI-1 release by 42 +/- 3% and 29 +/- 3% of control cultures, respectively, whereas Ox-LDL and its lipid inhibited t-PA release by 42 +/- 4% and 53 +/- 3% of control cultures, respectively. Native LDL and its lipid were inactive on their release. Ox-LDL depleted of hydrophilic lipids, which was prepared by the incubation with defatted albumin (an acceptor for hydrophilic lipids), lost both the stimulatory action on PAI-1 and the inhibitory action on t-PA. The extracted lipid from the incubated albumin, which has been found to accept the hydrophilic lipids from Ox-LDL, gained the stimulatory action on PAI-1 and the inhibitory action on t-PA. Ox-LDL depleted of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which was prepared by the incubation with phospholipase B, lost the stimulatory effect on PAI-1, whereas the inhibitory effect on t-PA remained present in the Ox-LDL depleted of LPC. The incubation with synthetic palmitoyl LPC (10 microM) stimulated PAI-1 release by 85 +/- 7% of control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cell Survival↗
Rises in urinary bicarbonate contents and pH of adult Tokyo citizens.
Urinary bicarbonate has been considered to be negligible, and the pH of urine to be low (around pH 5.5) for these fifty years. It was, however, found that the contents of bicarbonate and pH of the urine of adult Tokyo citizens (435 adults including 148 males and 287 females) substantially increased. The findings may be correlated with increased inhaled amounts of carbon dioxide which finally causes the increase of urinary excretion of bicarbonate, though evidence that the gas accumulates in the atmosphere of Tokyo due to air pollution has not been directly demonstrated.
Adult↗
A case of the human sternocleidomastoid muscle additionally innervated by the hypoglossal nerve.
An anomalous nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve (XII) to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SM) was observed in the right neck of an 82-year-old Japanese female. This nerve branch arose from the hypoglossal nerve at the origin of the superior root of the ansa cervicalis. The nerve fiber analysis revealed that this branch consisted of fibers from the hypoglossal nerve, the first and the second cervical nerves and had the same component as the superior root of the ansa cervicalis. SM appeared quite normal and the most part was innervated by the accessory nerve and a branch from the cervical plexus. The anomalous branch from XII supplied the small deep area near the anterior margin of the middle of the sternomastoid portion of SM. It is reasonable to think that the small deep area of SM, which was innervated by the anomalous branch from XII, occurs as the result of fusion of the muscular component from infrahyoid muscles. If the muscular component does not fuse with SM, it is thought to appear as an aberrant muscle such as the superior sternoclavicular muscle (Hyrtl) which is also supplied from a branch of the superior root of the ansa cervicalis.
Aged↗
Lowered insulin-sensitive Ca2+ transport in cultured glomerular mesangial cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Insulin-resistant state has been postulated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. To investigate the role of insulin in Ca2+ regulation of the glomerular mesangial cell (MC) in hypertension, the effect of insulin on Ca2+ transport and intracellular-free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured in serially passaged cultured MC obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Insulin produced a substantial increase in 45Ca uptake as well as [Ca2+]i in quiescent cultured MC from both strains. These stimulatory effects of insulin were completely inhibited by diltiazem, and partially inhibited by H-7, TMB-8 and 5-N,N (hexamethylene) amiloride (HMA), but were not inhibited by W-7 or trifluoroperazine. Although basal ([Ca2+]i) values were not different, insulin-sensitive 45Ca uptake of SHR MC was significantly less than that of WKY MC. Insulin-sensitive increase in ([Ca2+]i) of SHR MC was also less than that of WKY MC. We concluded that insulin increased 45Ca uptake, leading to an increase in ([Ca2+]i), presumably through the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, intracellular Ca2+ release and/or proteinkinase C-mediated mechanisms in cultured MC. Blunted response of insulin-sensitive Ca2+ uptake and ([Ca2+]i) in SHR MC suggested differential regulation of Ca2+ transport in response to insulin in the kidney with primary hypertension.
Animals↗
[Myelopathy with uveitis in association with HTLV-I mimicking neuro-Behçet's disease].
A 31-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of recurrent uveitis with oral aphthae for four years, and subacute double incontinence with spastic paraparesis under a clinical diagnosis of neuro-Behçet's disease. She was found to have high titers of anti-HTLV-I antibody in the serum, the cerebrospinal fluid and the aqueous humor, and a diagnosis of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) with HTLV-I uveitis was confirmed. The neurological symptoms improved transiently with prednisolone therapy. HTLV-I uveitis is known sometimes complicated with HAM. The neurological features together with uveitis in the present case were allied to those of neuro-Behçet's disease. Therefore, HAM with uveitis should be differentiated from neuro-Behçet's disease.
Adult↗
[Effect of human recombinant erythropoietin (Epo) on cellular Ca2+, Na+, and K+ regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells grown in vitro--a new insight into the pathogenesis of Epo induced hypertension].
To gain an insight into the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) upon cation transporters and cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), we studied whether 1) Epo, per se, alters Ca2+ Na+, K+ fluxes and [Ca2+]i of VSMC, and 2) Epo may modify the effect of endothelin (ET-1). Using serially passaged quiescent cultured VSMC, the following results were obtained. 1) Epo had no direct effect on steady state Na(+)-K+ transporters (Na(+)-K+ pump, Na(+)-K+ cotransport and Na(+)-H+ antiport). 2) ET-1 alone substantially stimulated Na(+)-K+ pump, Na(+)-H+ antiport and 45Ca uptake, although these effects were not potentiated in the presence of Epo. 3) Epo alone substantially stimulated 45Ca uptake, leading to an increase in [Ca2+]i, which effect was not seen in Ca2+ deficient medium, and was partially inhibited with diltiazem but not with TMB-8. 4) Even in the presence of Epo, ET-1 and angiotensin II (A II) had substantial stimulatory effect on [Ca2+]i of cultured VSMC. The present data indicate that Epo, per se, elicits an increase in [Ca2+]i of VSMC through the stimulation of inward Ca2+ flux without affecting Na(+)-K+ transporters. In contrast, Epo did not potentiate ET-1's stimulatory effect on the transporters. Although the effect of Epo was subtle compared to ET-1 and A II, it may alter an overall characteristic of vascular smooth muscle cell contractility, possibly leading to blood pressure elevation in patients on maintenance dialysis.
Animals↗
Focal macular electroretinogram in X-linked congenital retinoschisis.
PURPOSE: To study macular function of X-linked congenital retinoschisis (CRS) by focal macular electroretinogram (MERG). METHODS: MERGs were recorded with 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 15 degrees spots in 20 patients with CRS. Seventeen patients showed foveal schisis with little or no change in foveal fluorescein angiography (Group 1), and three patients showed advanced macular changes with nonspecific macular degeneration (Group 2). RESULTS: In Group 1, a-wave amplitudes were within the normal range, but b-waves and oscillatory potentials (OPs) had mean amplitudes significantly below those for normal control subjects. The mean b- to a-wave ratios, significantly lower than in normal eyes, decreased significantly with decreasing spot size. The implicit times of a-waves, b-waves, and OPs were significantly delayed. In Group 2, MERGs were nearly nondectable. CONCLUSIONS: The macular pathology of CSR exists mainly in the middle and inner retinal layers, disturbing the fovea more than the perifovea, whereas degeneration of photoreceptors progresses in more advanced stage.
Adolescent↗
A deletional frameshift mutation of the beta-spectrin gene associated with elliptocytosis in spectrin Tokyo (beta 220/216).
A novel spectrin variant carrying a truncated beta-chain and designated Spectrin Tokyo (beta 220/216) is presented. It was associated with elliptocytosis and moderate uncompensated hemolysis. The dimer self-association was reduced. An increase of the alpha I 74-Kd fragment was detected upon partial trypsin digestion. Analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA showed a 1-base deletion in codon 2059 (GCC AGC-->GCA GCT; Ala-Ser-->Ala-Ala) that belongs to exon X of spectrin beta-gene. A missense sequence extended down to (new) codon 2075. Serine 2060, a potential phosphorylation site, was replaced by alanine. The shortened beta-chain failed to undergo phosphorylation in vitro. Spectrin Tokyo shared the same stop codon, overlapping normal codons 2076 and 2077 (CTG AAA), as Spectrin Nice (beta 220/216), which is caused by a dinucleotide insertion in codon 2046 and contains 2076 amino acids. However, for some reason, Spectrin Tokyo had a lower incorporation level into the membrane than Spectrin Nice.
Base Sequence↗
Uveal effusion syndrome: visual field and electroretinographic changes in correlation with shifting subretinal fluid.
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Adult↗
L-tryptophan alleviates fatty liver and modifies hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase in laying hens.
1. Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of dietary L-tryptophan supplementation (250-1000 ppm) on lipid accumulation, an occurrence of hemorrhages and microsomal mixed function oxidase in the liver of laying hens. 2. Dietary L-tryptophan supplementation resulted in significant decreases in hepatic lipids, in particular triglyceride, and occurrence of hemorrhage in laying hens. 3. Hepatic lipid accumulation by estrogen injection in starved-refed growing chicks decreased as dietary tryptophan content increased. 4. Supplementation of L-tryptophan at 1000 mg/kg diet enhanced alanine aminotransferase activity in the hepatic tissue and at 500 mg/kg diet, increased cytochrome b5, a component of the mixed function oxidase, in the hepatic microsomes. 5. These results demonstrate that L-tryptophan alleviates fatty liver in laying hens and modifies microsomal mixed function oxidase in the liver.
Animals↗
Effect of an antithyroid agent (propylthiouracil) and L-ascorbic acid on mixed-function oxidase and drug metabolism in hepatic microsomes of chickens.
1. The experiments were undertaken to determine if an antithyroid agent (propylthiouracil, PTU) and/or ascorbic acid (AA) affect mixed-function oxidase (MFO) in hepatic microsomes of male broiler chicks. 2. Feeding PTU increased the MFO activity in a dose-related manner. Addition of AA to the PTU-containing diet further increased the content of cytochromes P-450 and b5, but not the activities of NADPH-cytochrome c and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, and the drug-metabolizing enzymes. 3. Supplemental AA induced cytochrome b5 rather than cytochrome P-450.
Animals↗
Decreased insulin-sensitive Ca2+ transport in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.
To investigate the role of insulin on Ca2+ regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in hypertension, the effect of insulin on Ca2+ transport and intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured in cultured VSMC from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Insulin produced a substantial increase in 45Ca uptake as well as [Ca2+]i in quiescent cultured VSMC. The stimulatory effects of insulin were completely inhibited by diltiazem, and partially by H-7, TMB-8, and 5-N,N(hexamethylene)amiloride (HMA), but not by W-7 or trifluoroperazine. Insulin-sensitive 45Ca uptake of SHR VSMC was significantly smaller than that of WKY VSMC. Insulin-sensitive increase in [Ca2+]i of SHR VSMC was also smaller than that of WKY VSMC. It is concluded that insulin increases 45Ca uptake, leading to an increase in [Ca2+]i, presumably through the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, intracellular Ca2+ release, or protein kinase C mediated mechanisms in cultured VSMC. A blunted response of insulin-sensitive Ca2+ uptake and [Ca2+]i in SHR VSMC suggests the differential regulation of Ca2+ transport in response to insulin in primary hypertension.
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
Fundus albipunctatus associated with cone dystrophy.
We describe five unrelated patients in whom the typical signs of fundus albipunctatus were accompanied by colour vision defects, bull's eye or similar macular lesions, and severely diminished full-field cone electroretinograms indicating widespread damage to cones outside the macula. All patients had noticed night blindness from childhood. Signs of retinitis punctata albescens, a disease of similar appearance but with characteristics resembling retinitis pigmentosa, were absent. We cannot be sure whether these patients represent a process of fundus albipunctatus or a distinct disease entity or a casual combination of fundus albipunctatus and cone dystrophy.
Adult↗
Technical note: development of a duodenal cannula for sheep.
A single T-shaped duodenal cannula of silicone rubber with a gutter-type small inner flange was developed for sheep. The barrel of the cannula was 24 mm long with an internal diameter of 12 mm. A polyester surgical mesh (100 mm x 100 mm) was connected to the barrel of the cannula as an anchor. Fibrous tissues grew on the polyester mesh anchor and adhered firmly to the serosa of the intestine, thus leaving no gap and, hence, preventing any leakage of intestinal contents from the side of the fistula. The small (24 mm in diameter) and thin (3 mm in thickness) outer flange of the cannula became buried in the wool and prevented any mechanical disturbance of the cannula by the activity of the animal. The elasticity of the silicone rubber prevented distortion of the duodenum around the barrel of the cannula. No erosion of the tissue between the inner flange of the cannula and the mesh was seen in postmortem observations.
Animals↗
[A study on the communication between the pectoral nerve and the extramural nerve branches of the intercostal nerves].
Kumaki et al. (1979) defined the extramural nerve as the rudimentary sensory nerve which appeared on the upper thoracic wall; it branched off the root of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the second, third or fourth intercostal nerve, ran inferomedially adhering to the fascia of the intercostalis externus muscle and ended supplying the membrane covering the adjacent rib. They also stated that the extramural nerve (Rxm) occasionally became a cutaneous nerve which pierced the pectoralis muscles and supplied the skin covering the thoracic wall similar to the lateral cutaneous nerve (Rcl) or the anterior cutaneous nerve (Rca). Further, they proposed that the muscular nerves to the obliquus externus abdominis muscle which are usually situated below the fifth rib might be considered a part of this Rxm series. Although the definition of Rxm is still not widely accepted, Rxm is thought to be a key morphological factor influencing the variations of peripheral nerve arrangement on the thoracic wall. In the student course of gross anatomy dissection at Iwate Medical University School of Medicine during the years 1987-1991, three cases of Rxm communicating with the pectoral nerve and supplying the pectoralis major muscle were observed. Some cases have been reported in which Rcl innervates part of the pectoral muscles. However, the communication between the pectoral nerve and Rxm has not yet been discussed. Therefore, to clarify the morphological significance of the communication between Rxm and the pectoral nerve, the branching pattern and the distribution of the pectoral nerves were extensively investigated and the intramuscular nerve supply of some pectoral nerves, especially the pectoral nerves which communicated with Rxm, was examined in detail under a stereomicroscope. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the first case, Rxm of the second intercostal nerve originated from Rcl, ran inferomedially adhering to the fascia of the intercostalis externus muscle and pierced the origin of the pectoralis minor muscle at the third intercostal space. Then Rxm turned superolaterally to communicate with a pectoral nerve which originated from the loop composed of the lateral and medial pectoral nerves and passed inferior to the pectoralis minor muscle. After communication, the pectoral nerve with Rxm supplied the caudalmost part of the sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major muscle. In the second case, a similar branch of Rxm of the second intercostal nerve passed inferior to the pectoralis minor muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Aged↗
[An aberrant muscular nerve to the latissimus dorsi muscle from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm].
In the 1987 student course on gross anatomy dissection of cadavers at Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, an aberrant muscular nerve to the latissimus dorsi muscle arising from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm was found bilaterally in a 65-year-old female who had died of acute pneumonia. The case was investigated anatomically. The posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm arose from the radial nerve approximately at the lateral axial border as the first branch independently on the right, and by forming a trunk with the nerve to the long head of the triceps brachii muscle on the left. The aberrant muscular nerve originated from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm about 3 cm distally to the point of the branching of the cutaneous nerve from the radial nerve. This aberrant nerve entered the latissimus dorsi muscle near the transitional area from the muscular part to the tendinous part while dividing into three on the right, and without dividing on the left. The side into which the aberrant nerve entered was just the reverse of the side into which the thoracodorsal nerve and artery supplied. The muscular part innervated by the aberrant nerve was bounded by a tendinous intersection for the most part of the latissimus dorsi muscle innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve. The intramuscular nerve distribution of the aberrant nerve was investigated under a binocular dissecting microscope. It was revealed that there was no communication between the ramification of the aberrant nerve and that of the thoracodorsal nerve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
[Bilateral absence of the quadrangular space of the axilla].
In the 1988 student course on gross anatomy dissection of cadavers at Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, two cases of the absence of the quadrangular space of the axilla were found bilaterally in a 92-year-old female who had died of heart failure. The cases were investigated anatomically. The tendons of insertion of the latissimus dorsi and the teres major muscles and the tendon of origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle were united, forming a conjoint tendon that attached to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and the lower part of the anatomical neck of the humerus adhering to the articular capsule of the shoulder joint. The subscapularis muscle was normal except that a muscular bundle arose from the conjoint tendon and inserted to the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the crest continuing down from the tubercle. A part of the conjoint tendon was covered by the insertion of the subscapularis muscle, and there was no space between the conjoint tendon and the insertion of the subscapularis muscle. The teres major muscle was poorly developed, but the area of origin was rather wide and arose from both the dorsal and costal surfaces of the scapula. The anatomical features of the latissimus dorsi and the long head of the triceps brachii muscles were normal except for the insertion of the former and the origin of the latter. The triangular space of the axilla was found to be surrounded by the conjoint tendon, teres major muscle, and the lateral border of the scapula covered by the subscapularis and the teres minor muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗