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Biomedical subjects

M Hirano

Publications and source records attributed to M Hirano.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin and the effect of sodium thiosulfate].

The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II), CDDP) have been studied in 11 patients. Plasma and urine CDDP concentrations were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The treatment schedule was administered either by a 3-hour and 4-hour i.v. infusion or a 1.5-hour i.a. infusion. In the 3-hour i.v. infusion, the peak level of plasma total CDDP was 4.09 micrograms/ml after the end of infusion and non-protein-bound CDDP was 0.78 microgram/ml. Plasma total CDDP level declined with two peaks, the half-life of the alpha phase being 3.3 hours and that of the beta phase being 5.29 days. The half-life of non-protein-bound CDDP was 1.6 hours. CDDP might have remained for a long time, because CDDP values were obtained 3 weeks after infusion and urinary recovery of CDDP showed low values. Its urinary recovery was 40.3% of the dose infusion in the first 24 hours and 48.0% in 96 hours. The protein-binding of CDDP was inhibited by sodium thiosulfate(STS) and renal urinary excretion was enhanced. Our data suggest that STS can be applied as a neutralizer of CDDP.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1984

[Gastric lymphosarcoma associated with early carcinoma (type IIa)--a case report].

We report a case of gastric lymphosarcoma associated with early carcinoma (type IIa). Lymphosarcoma was also seen in the small intestine, but there were no metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes , liver, and peritoneum. This suggest that lymphosarcoma was the primary cancer in both the stomach and small intestine. Microscopically, the early carcinoma was a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma . Only two earlier cases of coexistent gastric lymphosarcoma and early gastric carcinoma have been reported in the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Problems in treating early cases of head and neck cancer].

The term "early case" is defined as a Stage I case, i.e. a T1N0M0 case in this paper. Cases of Tis are also included. During the 10-year-period from 1971 to 1980, the rate of early cases to the entire cases was the greatest for the larynx, followed by the nasal cavity, tongue, oropharynx and hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. The purposes of this paper are to review retrospectively the patients with early carcinoma of these organs who were treated in our hospital during the last 23 years, to discuss the no-recurrence rate and function following varying treatments and to propose some improvements in treatment. Carcinomas of the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus are successfully treated with transoral surgeries with/without chemo-radiotherapy. A Nd-YAG laser is very useful for the surgery. For carcinomas of the oropharynx and oral cavity, surgical removal with/without (chemo-) radiotherapy yielded good results, whereas radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy presented with frequent failures. Extensive surgical removals, however, resulted in significant functional disorders. Currently, we have been using CO2 laser. For those lesions confined to the mucosa, a simple laser excision is applied. For those lesions with extension to the submucous tissue, we first remove the visible and palpable tumor by means of laser and, then, post-laser chemoradiotherapy is applied. The function after these treatments is excellent. For carcinomas of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus, surgical treatments associated with total laryngectomy yielded better results than those without total laryngectomy. Total laryngectomy, however, causes serious problems in speech communication. Recently, we have tried partial pharyngo-esophagectomy followed by (chemo-)radiotherapy. This seems to be a promising modality. Supraglottic carcinoma was best treated with total laryngectomy. Partial laryngectomy was also successful when conducted by well-trained surgeons. Small lesions were successfully treated with radiation. We feel partial laryngectomy with the use of CO2 laser should be the first choice in many cases. Endolaryngeal laser can be applied to small lesions. For glottic carcinoma, radiotherapy is indicated in most head and neck cancer clinic over the world, and so had been in our hospital until a few years ago. Recently, we have adopted endolaryngeal laser surgery. Laser is advantageous over radiotherapy because it takes less treatment time, it has no side effect or carcinogenicity and it saves radiotherapy as a future treatment for possible recurrence or second primary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

Differential effects of acute and chronic administration of haloperidol on homovanillic acid levels in discrete dopaminergic areas of rat brain.

After acute administration of haloperidol, homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were increased in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, discrete limbic areas and A14 dopamine (DA) neurons. The maximal effect of haloperidol was attained more slowly in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala than in the other regions. The ED50 of haloperidol was 0.03 mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex, but was 0.06-0.07 mg/kg in other areas examined. After repeated administration of haloperidol, tolerance to the HVA increase was observed in the striatum and all limbic areas examined, the amygdala being the most susceptible to this tolerance. In contrast, no tolerance was found in the anteromedial and suprarhinal DA neurons of the prefrontal cortex and A14 DA neurons. These results suggest that the prefrontal cortex may be a possible site for the antipsychotic action of haloperidol. On the other hand, no change of HVA levels in the A12 and A13 DA neurons of the hypothalamus was observed after haloperidol treatments, suggesting a lack of neuronal feedback mechanism in the A12 and A13 DA neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Preparation and metabolism of 125I-sulfobromophthalein.

Metabolism of 125I-sulfobromophthalein (BSP) prepared by the chloramine-T method was studied in rats. 125I-BSP is removed rapidly from the circulation. However, as compared to BSP, its plasma clearance and biliary excretion are delayed, and its accumulation in the liver is prolonged. Although BSP and 125I-BSP show similar binding to albumin in serum, their binding properties to liver cytosolic proteins and to the liver cell plasma membrane organic anion binding protein (OABP) differ. In contrast to the X-, Y- and Z-protein binding of BSP, 125I-BSP binds predominantly to a high molecular weight protein and only a small proportion of 125I-BSP binds to OABP.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Dopamine, serotonin and alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking activities in serum and their relationships to prolactin level in schizophrenic patients receiving long-term chlorpromazine treatment.

The clinical application of a dopamine radioreceptor assay for neuroleptics has been proposed. Simultaneous monitoring of serum antidopaminergic (anti-DA), antiserotonergic (anti-5HT) antiadrenergic (anti-NA) activities may provide a better understanding of clinical effects of neuroleptics. Serum anti-DA and anti-5HT activities were estimated by competition for 3H-spiperone binding to dopamine and serotonin receptors in rat brain, respectively, and anti-NA activity by competition for 3H-WB-4101 binding to alpha-receptors. Thirty-one patients receiving maintenance doses of chlorpromazine (CPZ) chronically were studied. Serum activities varied among patients receiving the same dose, but correlated significantly with dose. Anti-DA activity also correlated with both anti-5HT anti-NA activities, and the average ratio of anti-5HT or anti-NA to anti-DA activity was slightly reduced by metabolism of CPZ. However, some patients had a different spectrum of serum activities from that of in vitro activities. Serum prolactin (PRL) correlated weakly with all the serum activities. The serum PRL anti-DA activity ratio appeared to be independent of anti-5HT or anti-NA activity, suggesting the predominant involvement of anti-DA activity in the stimulation of PRL release.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1983

Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. A 10-year review of 564 patients.

A retrospective review of the clinical records of 564 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis examined at the Department of Otolaryngology, Kurume University Hospital during the 10-year period from 1971 to 1980 was completed. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Two-hundred and ninety-three patients were male and 271, female. The incidence was high in old age groups. 2) Idiopathic paralysis (233 cases) was the most frequent and paralysis caused by thyroid surgery (68 cases) and endotracheal intubation (63 cases) came next. 3) The lesion was unilateral in 519 patients (right to left = 148 to 371) and bilateral in 45. 4) The paralytic vocal fold was fixed in the paramedian position in the majority of the patients. A limited movement of the paralytic fold was observed in some cases, especially those of paralysis caused by endotracheal intubation and idiopathic paralysis. 5) A compensatory overcrossing of the unaffected vocal fold was found in 41 patients. It developed within six months from the onset in most cases. 6) Spontaneous recovery and improvement of mobility took place in 54 of the 165 patients who could be followed up for 1 year or longer. Paralysis caused by endotracheal intubation showed the best prognosis and idiopathic paralysis came next. 7) Spontaneous voice recovery and improvement occurred in 183 of the 240 patients whose voice outcome was determined. 8) Phonosurgical treatments yielded good results in most cases. Some patients, however, had their voice receded later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Vocal fold furrows. A 10-year review of 240 patients.

A retrospective review of 240 patients with vocal fold furrows seen at the Department of Otolaryngology, Kurume University Hospital over the 10-year period from 1971 to 1980 was completed. Of the 240 patients, 173 were male and 67 were female. In 195 patients, the furrows were the major pathology causing hoarseness; in 29, the furrows were associated with other major laryngeal diseases; and, in 16, there were no voice problems. We call the first group "sulcus vocalis" in this paper. The onset of voice problems in the cases of sulcus vocalis was at the age of 40 years or older in most case, at young childhood in some, and at adolescence in some cases. Typical findings of sulcus vocalis consisted of bilateral furrows on the vocal fold edges extending over the entire length of the membranous portion, bowed vocal fold edges, glottic incompetence during phonation and excessive ventricular fold adduction. No effective treatments have been established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Vocal fold polyps and nodules. A 10-year review of 1,156 patients.

We investigated the clinical records of 784 patients with vocal fold polyps and 372 patients with vocal fold nodules who were seen in our clinic during the 10 years from 1971 to 1980. Polyps were frequent in middle ages in both sexes whereas nodules were common in boys and middle-aged women. Vocal abuse was the most important etiologic factor. No regular voice therapy was available for lack of voice therapists. Surgical removal yielded the best result, but not in all the patients operated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Polypoid vocal folds. A 10-year review of 191 patients.

During the 10 years from 1971 to 1980, 191 patients with polypoid vocal folds were seen at the Department of Otolaryngology, Kurume University Hospital. A retrospective review of the clinical records of these 191 patients was completed. Results were the followings: 1) There was no marked difference in incidence between male and female; 2) The incidence was high in the age groups of 40 years or older; 3) Most patients were smokers; 4) Bilateral lesions were much more frequent than unilateral lesions; 5) Long-lasting hoarseness was the commonest symptom; 6) Vocal abuse, alcohol drinking and air pollution did not prove to be etiologic factors; and 7) No significant differences in subjective voice improvement were found between the stripping and the sucking technique.

Adolescent↗