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Biomedical subjects

M Hirano

Publications and source records attributed to M Hirano.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Distribution of motoneurons in the brain stem of monkeys, innervating the larynx.

Following HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase) injections to cricothyroid muscle, recurrent laryngeal nerve and the vagal nerve at the level of nodose ganglion, labeled motoneurons were found to show a characteristic distribution in the brain stem of the monkey. Cricothyroid motoneurons extended from a level caudal to the facial nucleus to a level caudal to the middle part of the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) and were scattered around the outer area of nucleus ambiguus (Amb). Motoneurons supplying the recurrent laryngeal nerve were found between a level rostral to the middle of IO and its caudal end. Distribution was compact in the lateral part, but was scattered in the dorsomedial part of Amb. On injection of HRP into the nodose ganglion of the vagal nerve, labeled motoneurons were seen in two cell columns: In the Amb and in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The former extended from the rostral level of IO to the caudal end of IO, also showing connections with the retroambigual nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

GD3 ganglioside is a glycolipid characteristic of immature neuroectodermal cells.

Biochemical studies have indicated that the disialoganglioside, GD3, is a major glycolipid component of the immature vertebrate CNS, but a minor element within the mature CNS. We have investigated its cellular localization in rat CNS by immunofluorescence using a mouse monoclonal antibody that recognizes GD3. In tissue sections of postnatal CNS, the antibody bound to cells in several areas known to contain immature neuroectodermal populations: the subventricular zone beneath the lateral ventricle, the external germinative layer of the cerebellar cortex, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. GD3-containing cells were also found in developing white matter of the forebrain and cerebellar folia. Using a double-label immunofluorescence method, we found that the GD3-positive white matter cells did not express the astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein. In adult rat CNS, we could not detect antibody binding to neurons or glia. Scattered GD3-positive cells were apparent in the adult subventricular zone. Our results indicate that GD3 ganglioside is a membrane component characteristically expressed in the rat CNS by neuroectodermal stem cells, both neuronal and glial precursors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Induction of ovulation with an estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen.

Tamoxifen (Norvadex), synthesized by the Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., is a triphenylethylene derivative having a clomiphene-like structure and displays anti-estrogenic activities. In this study we used tamoxifen for the treatment of anovulatory infertility and investigated the clinical results. Induction rate of ovulation recorded 100% in the patients with sporadic anovulatory cycle, 83.3% in those with persistent anovulatory cycle, 70% in those with the first grade amenorrhea type I and 66.7% in those with the first grade amenorrhea type II. However, tamoxifen was absolutely ineffective against the second grade amenorrhea. The patients with sporadic or persistent anovulatory cycle responded to 40 mg-daily tamoxifen-treatment, recording 100% of ovulatory induction rate. The patients with the first grade amenorrhea also responded to 60 mg-daily treatment, indicating 70% of ovulatory induction rate. The rate of pregnancy established in the women desiring pregnancy marked 15.4%, and 2 out of 4 women with successful pregnancy experienced spontaneous abortion. Out of 4 patients who did not respond to the previous clomiphene treatment, 3 women accomplished ovulatory induction with tamoxifen. The endocrinological dynamics in the tamoxifen treatment were similar to those in the clomiphene treatment.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on the new long-acting anti-cancer preparation, 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite].

Polymer polyglycolic acid is biocompatible in the body. A needle-shaped long-acting anti-cancer preparation (F-PGA needle) was prepared by compounding polyglycolic acid and the anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The release of 5-FU from the needle was maintained for about 10 days, and the needle disappeared after one year. A clinical study with the F-PGA needle was made on patients with terminal carcinomas. Shrinkage of tumors and tumor necrosis were observed in two patients with metastatic liver carcinomas. The F-PGA needle supplies high-dose 5-FU locally for a long time with fewer side effects by embedding it into the tumor tissue. Therefore the F-PGA needle can be said to be promising in the treatment of unresectable cancer as a topical application of chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Therapeutic effect of ceftizoxime on severe infectious complications in blood disorders. Tohkai Research Group on Infections in Hematopoietic Disorders].

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was given by intravenous injection in daily doses of 2-8 g to 103 patients with severe infections complicating hematopoietic disorders. The clinical effect was evaluated in 95 of the 103 patients. The causative organisms were identified in 22 patients but were unknown in the remaining 73. Infected sites were the respiratory tract, urinary tract, soft tissue, and blood. The overall effectiveness rate (inclusive of marked and moderate) was 61.1% (58/95). The effectiveness rate was 63.6% (14/22) in patients in whom the causative organisms were identified and 60.3% (44/73) in patients in whom the causative organisms could not be identified and 60.0% (18/30) in 30 patients with less than 100 neutrophils per mm3 before treatment. No side effects were noted except drug fever in 1 patient. Abnormal hepatic function was seen in 6 patients but was not attributed to the drug in any case. The results indicate that CZX is a safe and useful antibiotic for the treatment of severe infectious complications in hematopoietic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on the new anticancer preparation, 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid-composite and its therapeutic evaluation].

The purpose of these studies was to characterize the effect of the new anticancer preparation, 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid-composite (F-PGA needle), on experimental tumors and in patients with solid tumors. The formative composite in a F-PGA needle was found to easily dissociate in physiologic saline resulting in the release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The aspect of 5-FU release was observed to be relative to 5-FU content in the needle, but not to the length of the needle. When a F-PGA needle of 10mm in length and 30% in 5-FU content was subcutaneously or intrahepatically implanted in healthy rats, the release of 5-FU was maintained for 9 days in each case. Pathophysiologic examination of the liver following the implantation of a F-PGA needle revealed an increase in severe necrosis and/or degeneration and infiltration of small-round cells with the increase in release of 5-FU. Implantation of F-PGA needles into tumor mass of AH 130-bearing rats resulted in an increased 5-FU level in tumor tissue reaching the maximum level of 16.00 +/- 1.98 micrograms/g after 24 hours, and in a marked inhibition of the tumor growth indicating 2.4% of T/C (tested/controlled) at 10 days after implantation of the needle. A study of the F-PGA needle was made for 10 patients with terminal carcinomas and in 5 of these were verifiable. Of these 5 patients, shrinkage of tumors or improvement of symptoms was observed in 3 cases. From these results, the F-PGA needle is promising in the treatment of unresectable cancer as a long-acting chemotherapy.

Aged↗