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Biomedical subjects

M Hayashida

Publications and source records attributed to M Hayashida.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Bronchoconstrictive effect of ultrasonic nebulized distilled water on asthmatic children.

We studied the airway responsiveness of asthmatic and normal children to ultrasonic nebulized distilled water (UNDW inhalation test). It was found that this stimulus induced a fall in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in asthmatic children, but little fall in normal children. This airway response was shown to be reproducible at about 2-week intervals. The more severe the asthma, the higher the percentage of the responders to the UNDW inhalation test, and the greater the fall in FEV1. The results of the UNDW inhalation test did not correlate with that of acetylcholine inhalation test or of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction was inhibited by premedication with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) (20 mg) or inhaled ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms). Jet-nebulized distilled water induced little fall in FEV1 in asthmatic children. These data suggest that UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction may involve the release of chemical mediators from the mast cells and cholinergic pathways. We conclude that UNDW inhalation test is a safe, less burdensome, and rather convenient method to evaluate clinically nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

An electron microscopic examination of age-related changes in the rat liver. The influence of diet.

The influence of age and diet on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes is reported. The following dietary manipulations were investigated: Group 1, fed ad libitum a diet containing 21% protein; Group 2, fed a similar diet but restricted to 60% of the intake of Group 1 from 6 weeks of age onwards; Group 3, restricted from 6 weeks to 6 months of age and thereafter fed ad libitum; Group 4, restriction started at 6 months of age; Group 5, fed ad libitum a diet containing 12.6% protein. In all groups the size of hepatocytes was found not to increase during adult life. The size of hepatocytes in Groups 2 and 4 was the same as or larger than that of the other groups; thus food restriction resulted in a decreased number of hepatocytes. Changes in the structure of some organelles and the accumulation of lipofuscin granules occurred with advancing age and the extent of these age-related changes was less in Groups 2 and 4 than in the other groups. These morphologic findings in conjunction with our previously reported metabolic findings provide a new view of the action of food restriction on the aging process.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Treatment response and safety of ambulatory medical detoxication.

An ambulatory medical detoxication program for alcoholics with limited social and environmental supports is described. The treatment response of all 49 patients who underwent treatment and the short-term outcome and safety of 15 patients (31%) who failed to complete treatment are reviewed. Treatment completers were found to attend over 90% of their scheduled daily appointments and drinking during the treatment term was infrequent. The average duration for completed treatments was approximately 5 appointment days. Treatment noncompleters also attended their scheduled appointments regularly prior to discontinuation and, except for several patients who were transferred to inpatient treatment because of continued drinking, drinking during detoxication was relatively infrequent. The short-term outcome and safety of treatment noncompleters was reviewed. No instance of serious medical or psychiatric consequences following discontinuation from treatment was revealed. It was concluded that discontinuation of treatment by a patient is not in all cases indicative of a poor outcome. It was further concluded that ambulatory medical detoxication is a relatively successful treatment for mild to moderate alcohol withdrawal symptomatology and for patients not requiring immediate medical or psychiatric attention.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1988

Is inpatient medical alcohol detoxification justified: results of a randomized, controlled study.

The findings of this study revealed relatively few short-term outcome differences for patients meeting study criteria who were randomly assigned to either outpatient or inpatient medical detoxification. Given the higher costs of inpatient treatment, these findings suggest that outpatient detoxification be considered as a meaningful and cost-effective treatment for persons with mild to moderate alcohol withdrawal symptomatology.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Growth inhibition by progestins in a human endometrial cancer cell line with estrogen-independent progesterone receptors.

The presence of estrogen-independent progesterone receptors (PgR) was demonstrated in a subline of a human endometrial cancer cell line, Ishikawa cells, although the original Ishikawa cells contained estrogen-inducible PgR. Scatchard plot analysis of cytoplasmic binding data in our subline (IK-90) revealed a high affinity binding site for R5020 (Kd, 1.0 nM) with maximum binding sites of 158 fmol/mg protein. Competition experiments showed a binding specificity similar to that of typical PgR. By low-salt sucrose gradient centrifugation, radioactive 8S and 4S peaks were found. The addition of 1 microM progesterone in culture medium resulted in a rapid nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic PgR. In contrast to the original cells, estrogen receptors could not be detected in IK-90 cells, and an addition of 17 beta-estradiol (10 nM) to culture medium failed to increase PgR. Accumulation of glycogen in cytoplasm of IK-90 cells in response to R5020 (0.1-1 microM) was observed by periodic acid-Schiff staining. The addition of R5020 to culture medium (0.1-1 microM) also caused a marked decrease in the growth of IK-90 cells, whereas the other steroids including 17 beta-estradiol, tamoxifen, testosterone, and cortisol had no significant effects. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of a progestin-responsive human endometrial cancer cell line that contains estrogen-independent functional PgR. IK-90 cells appear to be an ideal model for studying the mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of progestin on endometrial cancer cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1987

Roles of antiestrogen binding sites in human endometrial cancer cells.

Estrogen-noncompatible antiestrogen binding sites (AEBS) as well as estrogen receptors (ER), and the growth-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen were investigated in two human endometrial cancer cell lines, IK-90 and HEC-IA cells. IK-90 cells contained specific AEBS, but no ER was found in these cells. Scatchard plot analysis of AEBS in 12,000 g supernatant from IK-90 cells showed a high affinity binding site for tamoxifen (Kd:5.6 +/- 1.0 nM) with the maximum binding site of 457 +/- 47 fmol/mg protein. However, no measurable ER or AEBS was found in HEC-IA cells. The effect of tamoxifen on the growth of cells was found to be identical in both cell lines; the addition of 10 microM tamoxifen to culture medium was cytocidal whereas tamoxifen at lower concentrations (1 nM-1 microM) did not significantly affect the growth of both IK-90 and HEC-IA cells. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of AEBS in human endometrial cancer cells. The present results also suggest that AEBS does not play a fundamental role in mediating the growth-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen in endometrial cancer cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

The primary structure of the myosin head.

The sequence of the NH2-terminal 808 amino acid residues of chicken pectoralis muscle myosin head was determined. Three characteristic 20-, 23-, and 50-kDa fragments were isolated from a digest of myosin subfragment 1 (S1) by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column in the presence of 5 M guanidine hydrochloride, followed by anion-exchange chromatography on a QAE-Sephadex A-50 column in the presence of 8 M urea. The fragments were sequenced completely by conventional methods. Peptides overlapping the 23- and 50-kDa fragments and also overlapping the 50- and 20-kDa fragments were obtained by cleaving S1 with cyanogen bromide. Comparison of the 23-kDa and 50-kDa sequences with that of the overlapping peptide indicated that no additional amino acid exists between the 23- and 50-kDa fragments and that 5 amino acids exist between the 50- and 20-kDa fragments of S1. Methylated amino acid residues were found at four positions: epsilon-N-monomethyllysine at position 35, epsilon-N-trimethyllysine residues at 130 and 550, and 3-N-methylhistidine at 754.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Preparation and regeneration of bacteriophage PL-1 enzyme-induced Lactobacillus casei protoplasts.

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 27092 protoplasts were obtained by treatment with a bacteriolytic enzyme, which was produced in the PL-1 phage lysates of this bacterium, at 37 degrees C for 1.5 h in 50 mM Tris hydrochloride buffer (pH 7.2) containing 20% sucrose and 10 mM MgSO4. The protoplasts lacked the cell wall layer but retained the ability to transport L-[3H]glutamine. The frequency of regeneration was about 1%, whereas about 99% of the cells were osmotically sensitive.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1987

Factors influencing the prognosis of wheezy infants.

Forty-eight wheezy infants were followed up for 25 to 44 months. These infants were classified into three groups: those with asthma (developed asthma later), the wheezy group (had successive wheezing episodes), and the non-wheezy group (grew out of the wheezy episodes). Serum IgE levels at the first visit were not significantly different in the three groups, but the frequency of exposure to cigarette smoke was higher in the asthma and wheezy groups than in the nonwheezy group.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

An electron microscopic examination of age-related changes in the rat kidney: the influence of diet.

The changes with age in the ultrastructure of the kidneys were explored in ad libitum fed rats with restricted food intake started soon after weaning or started in young adult life or limited to early life and in rats restricted in protein but not caloric intake. Many ultrastructural changes occurred with age both in the glomeruli and the tubules. Food restriction started soon after weaning or in adult life modulated most of these age changes. By providing detailed information on basement membrane and tubular cell structure, these findings complement previous light microscopic and functional studies in regard to the effects of food restriction on progressive kidney disease in the rat. Food restriction limited to early life and protein restriction without caloric restriction were less effective in modulating these age changes in kidney ultrastructure than food restriction initiated at 6 weeks or 6 months of age and continued for the rest of the life span.

Aging↗