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Biomedical subjects

M Hammond

Publications and source records attributed to M Hammond.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress, perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems.

This study examined the relationship of reported maternal depression to prior and current life stressors, and to mother perceptions of child adjustment, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems. Forty-six depressed mothers and 49 nondepressed mothers and their clinic-referred children (aged 3-8 years) participated. Depressed mothers were more critical than nondepressed mothers, but the behavior of children of depressed and nondepressed mothers showed no significant differences. Depressed mothers were more likely to have experience child abuse, spouse abuse, or more negative life events than nondepressed mothers. Maternal reports of stress related to mother characteristics and to negative life events were the most potent variables discriminating depressed from nondepressed mother families.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Regulation of aldosterone secretion during hypoxemia at sea level and moderately high altitude.

The aldosterone and cortisol responses to small doses of ACTH (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.25 micrograms) after dexamethasone administration were measured in normal subjects at sea level while breathing room air (mean O2 saturation, 97 +/- 0.9%) and again while breathing hypoxic gas to lower the O2 saturation to 90%. A population of subjects matched for age and sex adapted to 3000 meters above sea level living in Colombia, South America, was also studied (mean O2 saturation, 94 +/- 0.7%). Hypoxemia, either induced at sea level or as a consequence of high altitude living, resulted in significant inhibition of aldosterone secretion after progressive administration of increasing doses of ACTH, but did not affect the cortisol response to ACTH. In addition, it was associated with higher plasma atrial natriuretic hormone levels. PRA declined only during acute hypoxemia induced at sea level and did not change during sea level normoxemia or high altitude living. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were no different in the three experimental conditions. We conclude that hypoxemia inhibits ACTH-stimulated aldosterone secretion and speculate that atrial natriuretic hormone may have mediated this effect.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Biochemical and biological activities of 2,3-dihydro-6-[3-(2-hydroxymethyl)phenyl-2-propenyl]-5-benzofuranol (L-651,896), a novel topical anti-inflammatory agent.

The biochemical and biological profile of a topical anti-inflammatory agent, 2,3-dihydro-6-[3-(2-hydroxymethyl)phenyl-2-propenyl]-5-benzofuranol (L-651,896 inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase of rat basophilic leukemia cells with an IC50 of 0.1 microM and leukotriene synthesis by human PMN and mouse macrophages with IC50 values of 0.4 and 0.1 microM respectively. L-651,896 also inhibited prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mouse peritoneal macrophages (IC50 = 1.1 microM). This compound inhibited ram seminal vesicle cyclooxygenase activity at considerably higher concentrations, and this effect was directly related to substrate concentration. When applied topically to the mouse ear, L-651,896 lowered elevated levels of leukotrienes associated with arachidonic acid-induced skin inflammation and delayed hypersensitivity induced by oxazolone. However, while L-651,896 inhibited the increased vascular permeability induced by arachidonic acid, it had no effect on the edema associated with the immune-based response to oxazolone in the same tissue. Thus, it is possible that leukotrienes may play a role in some but not all inflammatory responses.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Active case-finding--for the whole community or for tuberculosis contacts only?

The prevalence of tuberculosis in the household contacts of 67 smear-positive patients was compared with that in a 'non-contact' population. The prevalence of smear-positive cases among adult contacts was 3.03% as opposed to 1.35% in non-contacts; 27.9% and 11.43% respectively of children in the two groups had positive tuberculin tests (Heaf grade III or IV). The differences in children are statistically significant and could be used to justify the contention that active case-finding in underdeveloped areas should be limited to intensive contact-tracing. It is argued, however, that this may be an inherently conservative response that will not meet the needs of tuberculosis control. A plea is therefore made for a redistribution of resources in order to meet these needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Pregnant again?

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Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1986

Educating the educators.

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Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs↗
PubMed1985

Use of modules to teach undergraduate medical students. Part II. Preliminary evaluation of modular teaching.

One year after using modules (hand-outs which demand active student participation) a cohort study was performed to determine their value. The 1983 examination results of the 4th-year medical class at the University of the Witwatersrand, which had used modules, were compared with the results of the 1982 class. For a series of identical questions the 1983 class average increased from 60% to 69%, and the gains occurred in all sections.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of medical students--repeatability of marking. Agreement between two markers of short-answer questions.

One year after marker A had marked a series of short-answer questions, marker B re-marked them using the same mark schedule. In only 26 out of 160 cases (16%) did the two markers agree on the final mark. When these 26 papers were analysed in more detail, it was found that the markers agreed on the mark allocation for each question in only 12 cases. The mean marks allocated by the markers were statistically significantly different, and their disagreement affected students even at the extremes of the class where decisions about 'first-class passes' and failures are made.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗