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Biomedical subjects

M Grossman

Publications and source records attributed to M Grossman.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Income and race differences in children's health in the mid-1960s.

This article explores income and race differences in eight measures of the health of children ages 6 through 11 as assessed in the early 1960s. It is shown that both income and race differences in health are much less pronounced than they are in infant mortality and birth weight data. Significant differences are found in the health status of black and white children and of children from high- and low-income families, but these are primarily differences with respect to parent-reported (rather than physician-reported) health criteria and they by no means overwhelmingly favor the white or high-income children. These findings underscore the importance of treating children's health status as multidimensional. In addition, these findings will serve as a bench mark for studies of children's health using data for a more recent period.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1982

Management of Candida peritonitis with intravenous amphotericin: Peritoneal fluid antibiotic levels.

The child presented in this report received intravenous amphotericin B 0.5 mg/kg every 36 hours, for dialysis-associated Candida peritonitis. Just prior to her third dose of amphotericin B, the peritoneal fluid concentration of this drug was 0.1 mcg/ml, and the simultaneous serum level was 0.2 mcg/ml. An hour following the third amphotericin B dose, the peritoneal fluid and serum concentrations were 0.2 and 0.4 mcg/ml respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B for the C. albicans isolated from this patient was 0.05 mcg/ml, and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) was 0.1 mcg/ml. Treatment included concurrent 5-fluorocytosine, and catheter removal. This is the first time that measurements of concentrations of amphotericin B in the peritoneal fluid have been reported in a child with peritonitis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1982

Interactions of sires with feeding and management factors in Illinois Holstein cows.

Components of phenotypic variation in milk yield from interactions between sires and several feeding and management factors were estimated. Milk yield data were first lactation records. Feeding and management data from Illinois Holstein Dairy Herd Improvement herds were obtained by questionnaires. Sire-herd interaction component was 10% of phenotypic variance in milk yield. Components of variance from interaction between sires and three feeding and management factors, namely, source of roughage for milking herd during summer, amount of grain fed to heifers between 12 and 18 mo age, and amount of grain fed to heifers during 2 mo before calving were negative. Interaction between sires and ideal weight for breeding heifers accounted for 3% of phenotypic variation in milk yield.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of di-N-propylacetic acid (valproic acid) on the TSH response to TRH--a presumptive role for gamma aminobutyric acid.

The effect of di-n-propylacetic acid (valproic acid), an inhibitor of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, was studied with reference to its effect on the serum concentration of thyroid hormones, baseline serum TSH concentration and TRH stimulated TSH release, in seven normal controls and six patients with primary hypothyroidism. All volunteers took 250 mg of valproic acid administered orally, four times daily for 3 days. Baseline serum T4 and TSH concentrations were unaffected by valproic acid administration (p less than 0.05) while serum T3 concentrations fell in all volunteers (p less than 0.001). Serum T3 concentration (mean +/- SD) fell from 116.3 +/- 18 ng/dl to 101.7 +/- 15 ng/dl in the control group and from 94.2 +/- 47.9 ng/dl to 81.5 +/- 43.2 ng/dl in the hypothyroid group. Valproic acid produced a decline in stimulated serum TSH concentrations (delta TSH--maximum increment above baseline) in all controls and patients studied (p less than 0.01). delta TSH (mean +/- SD) declined from 16.1 +/- 4.7 microunits/ml to 10.5 +/- 5.8 microunits/ml in the control subjects and from 43.1 +/- 25.4 microunits/ml to 29.7 +/- 18 microunits/ml in the hypothyroid patients. Based on the data presented, it is postulated that GABA plays an inhibitory role either by acting directly on the pituitary gland inhibiting TSH release, or by inducing the secretion of a hypothalamic TSH-inhibitory factor. The data do not exclude a direct pharmacological effect of valproic acid on pituitary TSH release. Decrease in serum T3 following valproic acid may be due to peripheral mechanisms.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1981

Characterization of antigenic determinants on human myeloid colony forming cells with monoclonal antibodies.

Immunologic characterization of myeloid progenitor cells (CFUGM) provides a new dimension for identification and separation of this hemopoietic cell population from other cells within marrow and peripheral blood. Monoclonal antibodies against human anti Ia-like (HLA-DR) determinants and against T lymphocytes were utilized to more precisely define the cell surface antigenic structure of human CFUGM. Complement-mediated cytotoxicity testing demonstrated the presence of HLA-DR antigens and absence of a T lymphocyte antigen on the clonogenic CFUGM. Similar degrees of cytotoxicity were noted for B lymphocytes and CFUGM using anti HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. Our studies with the anti T lymphocyte antibody suggest that T lymphocytes may be selectively removed from marrow cells without depletion of myeloid precursor cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1981

Variations in infant mortality rates among counties of the United States: the roles of public policies and programs.

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the causes of the rapid decline in the infant mortality rate in the United States in the period after 1963. The roles of four public policies are considered: Medicaid, subsidized family planning services for low-income women, maternal and infant care projects, and the legalization of abortion. The most striking finding is that the increase in the legal abortion rate is the single most important factor in reductions in both white and nonwhite neonatal mortality rates. Not only does the growth in abortion dominate the other public policies, but it also dominates schooling and poverty.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1981

Early stutterings: some aspects of their form and distribution.

The speech of five stutterers ranging in age from 3 years, 10 months to 5 years, 7 months was analyzed to determine the types and loci of stutterings. Word repetition was the most frequent feature in three cases and one of the two predominant features in the remaining two cases. Almost without exception, word repetitions occurred at the beginning of syntactic units. A greater proportion of stutterings of all types appeared on the initial words of sentences or clauses than on the other words. In most cases proportionately more function words than control words were stuttered, as were more monosyllabic than polysyllabic words--just the reverse of the usual pattern in older children and adults. The tendency of older stutterers to have more difficulty on initial consonants than initial vowels appeared in only one case. The findings on the properties of stuttered words were interpreted to mean that word-bound factors as such have little influence on the loci of early stutterings. The results as a whole were related to the hypothesis that early stuttering represents mainly a type of difficulty in either the formulation or the execution of syntactic units.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

Effect of unconjugated bilirubin on the uptake of p-aminohippuric acid by the isolated perfused rat kidney.

The effect produced by unconjugated bilirubin (UB) on p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) translocation from plasma to the urine, was analyzed by using an isolated rat kidney preparation applying the multiple indicator dilution technique. Arterial -to- urine mean transit times and fractional recoveries of creatinine and PAH in the venous effluent, were calculated before and after the incorporation of UB into the system. PAH influx into cells, its efflux from the cells to the capillaries, and its movement between lumen and tubular cells were also calculated. The results indicated that PAH influx into cells was impaired in the presence of UB. The phenomenom was shown to be dose-dependent. On the contrary, the efflux of PAH to the capillaries that was also impaired by UB, seemed to be unrelated to the pigment concentration within the system. Movement of PAH between lumen and tubular cells also appeared to be affected by UB. The results obtained suggested that UB interferes with the renal handling of PAH but the mechanism involved could not be clarified with the model used.

Aminohippuric Acids↗