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Biomedical subjects

M Grossman

Publications and source records attributed to M Grossman.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Determinants of neonatal mortality rates in the U.S. A reduced form model.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of the determinants of differences in race-specific neonatal mortality rates among large counties of the U.S. in 1977. After estimating cross-sectional regressions, we apply their coefficients to national trends in the exogenous variables to 'explain' the rapid decline in neonatal mortality since 1964. The regressions and the extrapolations point to the importance of abortion availability, neonatal intensive care availability, females' schooling levels, Medicaid, and to a lesser extent Bureau of Community Health Services projects, poverty, maternal nutrition programs and organized family planning in trends in black neonatal mortality between 1964 and 1977. They also underscore the importance of schooling, neonatal intensive care, poverty, Medicaid, maternal nutrition programs, abortion, and organized family planning clinics in trends in white neonatal mortality in those years.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1985

Sire and sire-feeding regimen interaction effects on lactation, growth, and carcass traits in dairy cattle.

Data from the University of Illinois dairy herd were used to estimate heritabilities of lactation yield, growth rate, and carcass traits and genetic correlations among them and to evaluate the importance of sire and of interaction of sire with feeding regimen for these traits. Heritabilities for lactation, growth, and carcass traits were small or moderate. Genetic correlations of lactation with carcass traits were moderate negative or large positive. Genetic correlations of estimated average daily gain with lactation and carcass traits could not be estimated. Variance for interaction of sire with feeding was large relative to sire variance for estimated average daily gain. Similarly, variance for interaction of sire with feeding regimen was large for back fat thickness, chilled carcass weight, dressing percentage, maturity score, and yield grade. Interaction of sire with feeding should be considered in genetic studies or in sire evaluation for some carcass traits and average daily gain.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Seasonal breeding in United States dairy goats.

Effects of breed, region, and interaction of breed with region on seasonality of breeding in United States dairy goats were studied. Reproductive performance data were from 76,350 official National Cooperative Dairy Herd Improvement Program records on Alpine, La Mancha, Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg does. Variables were month of conception, month of kidding, days open, and deviation of kidding date from March 1. Four northern regions were: 1, greater than or equal to 45 degrees latitude; 2, 40-45 degrees; 3, 35-40 degrees; and 4, less than or equal to 35 degrees. About 20% of Nubians conceived from January through August, whereas only 10% of Alpines and of Toggenburgs conceived during those months. La Manchas conceived most frequently in November whereas other breeds conceived most frequently in October. Each breed kidded most frequently in March. In September and October, 3 to 4% more conceptions occurred in Regions 1 and 2 than in 3 and 4, whereas in November, 7.3% fewer conceptions occurred in Regions 1 and 2 than in 3 and 4. In January, 13.2% of kiddings occurred in Region 4 compared to 5.6% in Region 1. Similarly, during July through December, proportionally more kiddings (11.8%) occurred in Region 4 than in Region 1 (5.2%). In the range of latitudes studied, differences in degree of seasonality due to breed, region, and interaction, although significant, were minor.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Relationships among lactation and reproduction traits of dairy goats.

Statistics for reproduction and lactation traits were estimated from 51,826 records of Alpine, La Mancha, Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg does. Means and standard deviations varied little across breed or lactation number. Relationships among reproduction and lactation traits were estimated from a subset of 42,618 records with 125 days or more in milk. Correlations also were stable across breed and lactation number. Regression analysis indicated a curvilinear relationship between lactation traits and reproduction traits.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A new test of peripheral insulin sensitivity in vivo using artificial beta cell.

A new in vivo test of insulin sensitivity is described. It utilizes closed-loop insulin delivery device (GCIIS, Biostator) capable of infusing glucose and insulin according to preselected algorithms. In euglycemic patients, insulin was infused by GCIIS to maintain euglycemia in the face of challenges with gradually increasing doses on intravenously administered glucose. Under the described experimental conditions, the endogenous insulin release was minimized as evidenced by serum C-peptide levels of less than 2 ng/ml, and thus the peripheral disposal of glucose should have depended entirely on the exogenous insulin. The amount of the insulin infused was considered to be a measure of peripheral insulin sensitivity. The test was applied to normal and non diabetic obese individuals, and to diabetics, both insulin dependent and independent. Significant insulin resistance was demonstrated in the obese and diabetic patients. In two obese females, the test was repeated after a prolonged period of starvation, and showed marked increase in insulin sensitivity. In two poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetics, marked increase in insulin sensitivity was also observed, here following a prolonged period of euglycemia (48 hours). It is concluded that the GCIIS controlled insulin sensitivity test is a simple, reliable test of peripheral insulin sensitivity, most convenient for clinical and experimental studies in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus constellatus as a cause of endocarditis.

Endocarditis in a 2-year-old child was caused by a penicillin-resistant Streptococcus constellatus. Viridans streptococci in general and those associated with endocarditis in particular are usually believed to be penicillin sensitive. Although the patient did not receive prophylactic antibiotics, the child had recently been treated with an oral penicillin. Penicillin-resistant viridans streptococci are usually sensitive to the synergistic effects of penicillin and an aminoglycoside, but this organism was not. Clindamycin was ultimately shown to demonstrate admirable bactericidal activity against this patient's S constellatus.

Clindamycin↗
PubMed1982

Reversal operations after brain damage.

The ability to perform reversals--that is, the appreciation of the relationship between original and transformed states of knowledge--is critical to human thought processes. In order to assess whether a number of "special-purpose processors" are responsible for reversal operations, depending on the particular context in which the reversal is couched, or whether a single "core processing mechanism" subserves a critical aspect of reversal operations regardless of the specific context, patients with localized brain damage were asked to solve eight reversal problems. Visual and auditory reversals mediated by linguistic and non-linguistic symbol systems were presented. The findings demonstrate that patients with insult to the anterior portion of the right hemisphere encounter more difficulty performing reversals than patients with right posterior insult, Broca's aphasics, and fluent aphasics. This is regardless of the symbol system mediating the reversal, regardless of the modality of presentation, and regardless of the amount of available processing time. Subjects with insult to the posterior region of the left hemisphere or the right hemisphere also exhibit some difficulty solving reversal problems, although their difficulties appear modality specific. These data lend support to the claim that a core processing mechanism may play a critical role in the performance of reversal operations.

Aphasia, Broca↗
PubMed1982

Neonatal herpes simplex infection in the absence of mucocutaneous lesions.

Six infants with disseminated HSV had no mucocutaneous lesions at any time during the course of the illness. These infants presented with lethargy, poor feeding, apnea, acidosis, and hepatomegaly. The diagnosis of HSV was made by culturing the infant's oropharynx and blood, and the maternal cervix. Eight infants with HSV encephalitis had no skin, eye, or mucous membrane lesions. These infants presented with lethargy and low-grade fever, followed within 24 hours by the onset of focal partial motor seizures. The seizures were refractory to anticonvulsant therapy. The mean CSF white cell count was 131 cells/mm3;the glucose and protein concentrations were in the normal range. Brain biopsy was required for the early diagnosis of HSV encephalitis. These 14 cases presented 70% (14/20) of all infants with neonatal HSV diagnosed during the study period. HSV infection should be considered in infants with no mucocutaneous lesions who have signs usually associated with bacterial sepsis or who develop focal seizures during the first three weeks of life.

Encephalitis↗
PubMed1982

Serology of Chlamydia trachomatis in infants.

Sera from 502 infants with pneumonia were tested for antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis by the microimmunofluorescence test; 175 (34.9%) were positive for IgM antibodies (titer, greater than or equal to 1:32). Chlamydiae were recovered from 42 (46.2%) of 91 IgM antibody-positive infants as compared with six (3.3%) of 181 IgM antibody-negative infants (P less than 0.0001). Two (4%) of 46 of the infants with inclusion conjunctivitis, but not pneumonia, had titers of IgM antibody of greater than or equal to 1:32; both shed the organism from the rectum. IgM antibody to C. trachomatis is not maternally transmitted to infants and was detected at a low rate (1.1%) in infants with nonpneumonic conditions. Diagnosis of pneumonia due to Chlamydia in infants by isolation of the agent is slow and unreliable. High levels of IgM antibody (greater than 1:32) appear to reflect a systemic chlamydial infection and offer the possibility of a same-day diagnosis. Thus, the detection of specific IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis may be the method of choice in diagnosing chlamydial pneumonia in infants.

Antibodies, Viral↗