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Biomedical subjects

M Greenberg

Publications and source records attributed to M Greenberg.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Ultrasonographic features of prostatic carcinoma.

Over an 18-mo period, 93 prostate examinations were performed by a suprapubic transabdominal approach. By applying ultrasonographic tissue textural analysis, we were able to identify 16 out of 19 carcinomas. Most of these analyses showed ill-defined focal abnormalities located either in the posterior or the posterior-lateral portion of the gland. Ten of the analyses demonstrated increase echogenicity, while six demonstrated decreased echogenicity. Irregularity of the capsule was an unreliable sign in determining capsular invasion. The degree of extension appears to be better evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In conclusion, transabdominal ultrasound holds promise in the detection of prostatic carcinoma, while staging should be done by CT.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Local control and survival after external irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

From 1966 through 1978, 128 patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate underwent external irradiation to the entire pelvis followed by additional irradiation with a field that encompassed the entire prostate with generous margins. Local recurrence was diagnosed when palpable regrowth occurred and was confirmed by biopsy. Eighteen patients (14%) had local recurrence. Actuarial (life table) local recurrence rates, however, were 24% for both for Stage B and C patients. Actuarial five year survival was 100% for the 10 Stage A patients, 91% for the 25 Stage B, and 78% for the 93 Stage C patients. Actuarial five year disease-free survival was 59% for Stage B and 69% for Stage C patients. Local recurrence was affected by the total dose to the whole pelvis and the dose at the center of the prostate. Disease-free survival was influenced by differentiation. High dose external irradiation to the prostate and regional lymph nodes offers the greatest probability of long-term disease-free survival for patients with localized disease. Late bowel complications were seen in 14 patients (11%), two of whom required colostomies. Late urinary tract complications were observed in five patients (4%).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Use of computerized tomography in the evaluation of filling defects of the renal pelvis.

Computerized tomography has been used in the evaluation of 5 patients with radiolucent masses of the collecting system. There were 3 cases of renal calculi. 1 peripelvic cyst and 1 squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The results of computerized tomography scanning are correlated with the results of excretory urography and ultrasonographic scanning. The diagnostic advantage of computerized tomography scanning for evaluation of radiolucent masses of the upper collecting system is elucidated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms.

A case of bilateral isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms in a patient with sciatic symptoms is presented. Iliac artery aneurysms are rare in the absence of aortic aneurysms; they are usually atherosclerotic in nature and present most commonly with gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or neurologic symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Hemodynamic assessment of transluminal angioplasty for lower extremity ischemia.

Seventy-two patients underwent hemodynamic testing before and after treatment for occlusive disease of their lower extremities. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used to treat lesions in 26 iliac segments and produced 23 initially improved ankle or upper thigh indices, two hemodynamic failures, and one technical failure; PTA for 54 femoropopliteal lesions produced initial hemodynamic improvement in 41 cases, three hemodynamic failures, and ten technical failures. Hemodynamic follow-up of the iliac segments showed improvement in 25 (92%) as measured by the systolic pressure index of the ankle; follow-up of the femoropopliteal segments showed continued patency of 41 (65.9%). The authors analyze these hemodynamic data.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Computed-tomographic cholangiography: a new technique for evaluating the head of the pancreas and distal biliary tree.

Computed-tomography cholangiography was used to evaluate the abdomen of 97 patients. The gallbladder and/or biliary tree was visualized well in 84 patients (87%); the distal common bile duct (CBD) was visualized well in 68 patients (70%). For 26 patients (30%) from the latter group, visualization of the opacified CBD was essential in order to differentiate the pancreatic head from the duodenum. Measurements of the distal CBD showed a significant difference between patients with gallbladders (mean, 4.7 +/- 1.2 mm) and those without gallbladders (mean, 6.8 +/- 1.1 mm). By visualizing the CBD and the superior mesenteric vein, exact dimensions of the uncinate process can be obtained. Also, the pancreatic head can be assessed more accurately, and the distal biliary tree can be evaluated.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1982

Left ventricular volume and function during relief of cardiac tamponade in man.

To determine the causes of cardiac failure during cardiac tamponade in man, we studied left ventricular volume and function in eight patients during pericardiocentesis using gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. In the seven patients with clinical and hemodynamic evidence of cardiac tamponade, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes increased progressively as the initial 500 ml of fluid were removed; the most marked increase occurred during the removal of the first 200 ml of pericardial fluid. After removal of 500 ml of pericardial fluid, end-diastolic volume increased from 52 +/- 8 ml to 111 +/- 13 ml (p less than 0.05) and end-systolic volume from 17 +/- 5 ml to 34 +/- 7 ml (p less than 0.05). Additional aspiration of fluid resulted in no further changes in left ventricular volume. The ejection fraction averaged 70% before removal of fluid and was unchanged by pericardiocentesis. In the one patient who did not have hemodynamic evidence of tamponade, there were only minor changes in left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction. These data suggest that pump function of the left ventricle is well preserved in cardiac tamponade, and that the diminution in stroke volume and consequent cardiovascular collapse seen in tamponade are due to marked underfilling of the ventricle.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1982

Hodgkin's disease in children: treatment results with MOPP and low-dose, extended-field irradiation.

Combined therapy with MOPP and extended-field irradiation for all children with Hodgkin's disease (except those with favorable clinical stage [CS] 1) was effective in disease control. Overall 5-year survival and relapse-free survival rates were 92% and 82%, respectively. Only one of 27 CS 2 and 3 patients has relapsed (median followup, 4.3 years). Two patients in complete remission died of viral infection. The cost-benefit ratio for such treatment remains to be determined. Morbidity was decreased by the omission of staging laparotomy with splenectomy and by reduction in radiation dose and to a lesser extent volume, but it was increased by the addition of MOPP. In such combined treatment, the smallest number of cycles of MOPP, the lowest radiation dose, and the smallest radiation volume that may be used without loss of treatment effectiveness remain to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Fetal movement, biochemical and biophysical parameters, and the outcome of pregnancy.

Fetal movements, fetal heart rate patterns, and serum estriol levels were prospectively monitored in 91 high-risk and normal pregnant women. In four women, there was cessation of fetal movements. In three of these cases, there were pathologic changes in fetal heart rate patterns, with one neonatal death. Of the 87 women who did not demonstrate cessation of fetal movements, one had changes in fetal heart rate patterns. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z test: p less than 0.001). No correlation was found between fetal movements and serum estriol levels in this study. Daily recording of fetal movements can be used as an effective screening test, with high sensitivity and specificity for the fetus in utero. Cessation of fetal movement places the fetus in a high-risk category and should alert the physician to the need for non-stress tests.

Estriol↗
PubMed1981

Stage III nodular lymphoreticular tumors (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma): results of central lymphatic irradiation.

Since 1969, 29 previously untreated patients with Stage III nodular malignant lymphoreticular (MLT) have received total central lymphatic (TCL) irradiation. The volume irradiated included the entire abdomen, Waldeyer's ring, and preauricular nodes in addition to the usual regions encompassed by total nodal irradiation. Doses of 2000--3000 rads in three to six weeks were delivered to the nodal regions, liver, and spleen; fraction sizes ranged from 100 to 180 rads. Patients have been followed from one to ten years (median six years). The actuarial survival is 78% at five years, and the disease-free survival is 61%. There is no difference in disease-free survival of the patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic vs. those with "histiocytic" or mixed cytology. Men and women had disease-free survivals of 82% and 43%, respectively. The long-term follow-up of these patients indicates that prolonged disease-free intervals are common after TCL irradiation, and some patients may be cured.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: an angiographer's viewpoint.

We outline the present role of angioplasty in the management of peripheral vascular disease and its application to other portions of the arterial and venous systems; we summarize several large series, including our own, which encompass more than 4,000 cases; and we discuss the pathophysiology of balloon dilation techniques and the criteria for patient selection. With appropriate patient selection, initial (90%) and long-term (85%) patency results are now comparable with surgical techniques when the iliac arteries are involved. Treatment of femoropopliteal disease is slightly less successful but is indicated in appropriate patients. We present the role of angioplasty in conjunction with grafting procedures and in the management of renal vascular hypertension, and we review the potential complications (2% to 3%), adjunctive medical management, and areas for further investigation.

Angiography↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasound of the prostate. Analysis of tissue texture and abnormalities.

Thirty-nine patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatic carcinoma, or prostatitis underwent ultrasonography using a transabdominal suprapubic approach. In both benign hypertrophy and prostatitis, the gland was enlarged and exhibited a homogeneous echo pattern, being hypoechoic in prostatitis and either hypo- or hyperechoic in hypertrophy. Carcinoma was characterized by focal areas of increased or decreased echogenicity with irregular margins. The various sonographic appearances are explained by correlation with the histological findings, and the advantages of the transabdominal approach are discussed. The authors suggest that widespread application of this technique will improve early detection of prostatic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗