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Biomedical subjects

M Greenberg

Publications and source records attributed to M Greenberg.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Analysis of 6-mercaptopurine in serum or plasma using high performance liquid chromatography.

The analysis of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) by a rapid, sensitive, and specific high performance liquid chromatographic assay is described. This method does not require any derivatization and allows for direct quantitation of the drug. Only 200 microliters of serum or plasma is needed, and concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml can be reliably quantitated. Analytical recoveries of 83% for 6-MP and 71% for the internal standard, 6-thioguanine, are obtained. Between-day precision studies at three plasma concentrations of 6-MP produce a mean coefficient of variation of 7.2%. This assay will be clinically useful for pharmacokinetic studies of 6-MP in patients in remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Evidence for clonal development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

To determine whether acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease and to define the pattern of differentiation shown by the involved progenitor cells, we studied the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) types in the cells of 19 girls heterozygous for this X chromosome-linked enzyme. Lymphoblast immunophenotypes were those of HLA-DR+, CALLA+ ALL (six patients); HLA-DR+, CALLA- ALL (four patients); pre-B cell ALL (two patients); T cell ALL (four patients); and undefined ALL (three patients). Malignant blast cells at diagnosis from ten patients displayed a single G6PD type, indicative of clonal disease. In contrast, both A and B G6PD in ratios similar to those found in skin were observed in morphologically normal blood cells from the same patients. The leukemic cells of three patients were examined at both diagnosis and relapse; in each instance the same G6PD type was found, consistent with regrowth of the original leukemic clone at relapse. Results of studies of cells from nine additional patients tested only at relapse were similar. Our results indicate that childhood ALL is a clonally derived disease involving progenitor cells with differentiation expression detected only in the lymphoid lineage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Detergent solubilization and affinity purification of a local anesthetic binding protein from mammalian axonal membranes.

Previously, we identified a local anesthetic receptor in the membranes of nerve cells, especially enriched in axonal membranes, by the binding assay of a fluorescence local anesthetic probe, quinacrine (Greenberg, M., and Tsong, T.Y. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 8964-8971). We report here affinity chromatography purification of the quinacrine binding protein from axonal membranes of bovine brain. One per cent sodium cholate solubilized more than 90% of the membrane proteins, and the quinacrine binding activity was preserved in the extract; KD remained at 1.0 microM. An affinity column of quinacrine mustard covalently linked to Affi-Gel 10 (Bio-Rad) retained about 5% of the total solubilized proteins, and the subsequent elution with 1.0 M lidocaine revealed a protein peak which coeluted with the lidocaine peak. After removal of lidocaine, the protein peak retained the high affinity to quinacrine (KD = 1.5 microM). Furthermore, bound quinacrine could be displaced with dibucaine in the range of its nerve-blocking concentration, around 10 microM. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of the peak protein fractions gave a predominant band of approximately 16 kDa. A major protein band with the same molecular weight was also seen in the sodium dodecyl sulfate gel of the total axonal membrane proteins. The receptor concentration in the axonal membranes was estimated to be 2-5 nmol/mg protein. With a molecular weight of 16 kDa, the receptor should constitute 3-8% of total proteins, consistent with the finding that it is a major protein constituent of the axonal membranes. The purity of the binding protein after the affinity chromatography step was about 90%. The purified protein contained roughly 60 nmol of quinacrine binding sites/mg.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix.

Three patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix are reported and the literature is reviewed. All of the patients in the current cases presented with irregular menstruation. Two patients were found to have diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, and one patient had diffuse mixed lymphoma. Histologic diagnosis was confirmed by outside expert pathologists in all cases. In spite of locally advanced disease according to FIGO's classification (Stage IVA-2 and Stage IIB-1), they responded well to external irradiation, and had control of tumor within the pelvis. All are alive at 13, 7, and 3 years, respectively, after the completion of irradiation. One patient developed disseminated disease 4.25 years after the completion of external irradiation, but was successfully treated with combination chemotherapy for 2 years, and is alive at 6.75 years after the completion of chemotherapy without disease. Review of the other 21 cases reported in the literature reveals that 14 were free of disease after treatment. The importance of distinguishing malignant lymphoma from undifferentiated carcinoma or sarcoma is emphasized since cervical malignant lymphoma can be successfully treated with irradiation in spite of locally advanced disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

S fibers.

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Asbestos↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography evaluation of local and extraintestinal complications of Crohn's disease.

Complications of Crohn's disease were demonstrated by computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis in 7 patients. Four patients had developed abscesses, 2 located in the psoas region and 2 involving the retroperitoneum or the liver. Other abnormalities documented on CT included inflammatory masses, fistulae, carcinoma, mesenteric thickening, and extraintestinal complications such as gallstones, renal calculi, and sacroileitis. Computed tomography was found to be useful in the detection and follow-up of abdominal complications of Crohn's disease.

Abscess↗
PubMed1984

Guidelines and an illustration of the use of ecological data for seeking clues of excess risk.

Ecological studies have acquired a bad reputation as weak scientific studies suffering from the ecological fallacy and many intractable limitations of data and method. In order to reduce these problems, it is suggested that analyses be focused on specific populations-at-risk, diseases, risk factors and places. In addition, seven guidelines are suggested which will limit the possibility of false positive results and provide the best clues for expensive, follow-up research. These guidelines are testing to make sure that the results are consistent across different times, places and methods. The guidelines were applied to finding the best clues for occupational-related cancers among white males aged 35-64 in the State of Illinois during 1950-1975. The most interesting clue found was that most coal mining areas in Illinois during the late 1960s and 1970s manifested the highest cancer mortality rates of trachea, bronchus, and lung and among the highest rates of increase of this type of cancer. This finding was unexpected because many studies have shown low lung cancer rates among coal miners.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of preoperative irradiation on failures of endometrial carcinoma with high risk of lymph node metastasis.

From 1965-1980, 80 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, FIGO-AJC Stage I, Grade 3 and Stage II received preoperative radiation therapy. Thirty-three patients had Stage I, Grade 3 and 47 had Stage II. All patients were treated with preoperative radiation therapy (intracavitary application, external pelvic irradiation or both) followed by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. They were followed from 3-18 years (median, 6.2 years) after the completion of treatment and none was lost to follow-up. Overall 5-year actuarial disease-free survival was 75%. Preoperative external whole pelvic plus intracavitary irradiation gave the best 5-year survival of 83%; there were no failures after 20 months. In comparison to this group, survival for the intracavitary alone group was 64% at 5 years and 54% at 8 years. The 5-year survival of Stage II was 81% compared to 66% of the Stage I, Grade 3 group. Prognostic variables were analyzed and showed that the residual tumor in the specimen at the time of surgery after the preoperative irradiation was significantly correlated to a worse prognosis: patients who were found to have no residual tumor had a 5-year survival rate of 96% compared to 65% of those who were found to have residual tumor (p less than 0.01). Age, stage, methods of preoperative irradiation, dose of external pelvic irradiation or intracavitary application were not statistically significant prognostic factors. The grade of the tumor was suggestive as a prognostic variable. The most common failure site was the para-aortic lymph nodes independent of treatment methods and stage. Four patients developed complications possibly related to the radiation therapy. Our study suggests that preoperative external and intracavitary irradiation reduces the frequency of residual microscopic carcinoma and improves survival for patients with Stage I, Grade 3 and Stage II carcinoma of the endometrium.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Lupus vulgaris responding to double antituberculous therapy.

A patient with a 3 by 4 cm ulcerated lesion on the nose and upper lip in whom previous antibiotics and antifungal treatments for a "mixed infection" were of no avail is presented. Her history revealed that she has had pulmonary and pharyngeal tuberculosis and subsequently scrofuloderma of cervical lymph nodes. She eventually responded well to isoniazid, rifampin, and pyridoxine therapy.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1983

The meaning of menorrhagia: an investigation into the association between the complaint of menorrhagia and depression.

Although it is generally assumed that the complaint of menorrhagia indicates gynaecological pathology, there is evidence to suggest that it can also be a manifestation of psychological disturbance. In order to investigate this hypothesis 50 women with this complaint were assessed by means of a semi-structured interview, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and blood investigations (haemoglobin and serum iron). The main finding was that 31/50 women had positive GHQ screening (GHQ+) and features consistent with mild to moderate depression. The tendency for the GHQ+ women to have evidence of less severe menstrual bleeding and greater psychological vulnerability is consistent with the original hypothesis and implies that further research in this area is warranted.

Depression↗
PubMed1983

Appearance of the gallbladder and biliary tree by CT cholangiography.

The computed tomographic (CT) cholangiographic appearance of the gallbladder and bile ducts was retrospectively analyzed in 121 patients undergoing routine abdominal CT. The entire course of the common duct was visualized in 106 cases (88%). From this group, 100 (94%) patients had ducts that coursed in a parasagittal or oblique plane, and six patients (4%) had ducts with a horizontal course. Opacification of the gallbladder was observed in 102 patients (83%), with the majority (80 patients) demonstrating a homogeneous appearance. Different patterns of inhomogeneous opacification are described. Signs of cholelithiasis or cholecystitis include: a filing defect in an opacified gallbladder, a focal density in a faintly opacified gallbladder, or the indirect sign of a nonopacified gallbladder with an opacified bile duct.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Irradiation of para-aortic lymph node metastases from carcinoma of the cervix or endometrium. Preliminary results.

Twenty-two patients with biopsy-proved para-aortic lymph node metastases from carcinoma of the cervix (15 patients) or endometrium (7 patients) received a median dose of 5,000 rad/25 fractions. Para-aortic nodal metastases were controlled in 77% of cases. Control was significantly lower following radical retroperitoneal lymph node dissection than less extensive sampling procedures. Obstruction of the small bowel developed in 3 patients with tumor recurrence in the para-aortic region. Eight of the 10 patients who were disease-free at 2 years received greater than 5,000 rad. Three patients were still alive without disease at 129, 63, and 60 months, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 40% for cervical cancer and 60% for endometrial cancer: in the former group, it was significantly different depending on whether the para-aortic nodes were irradiated (40%) or not (0%). The authors suggest that 5,000-5,500 rad in 5-5.5 weeks is well tolerated and can control aortic nodal metastases in cervical and possibly endometrial cancer.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy in patients with breast cancer. Correlation with computed tomography and impact on radiation therapy planning.

Twenty patients with Stage I or II breast cancer, all of whom had undergone radiation therapy planning, were examined with internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy (IMLS) and computed tomography (CT). Based on the results of IMLS, radiation fields were revised in 12 cases (60%). The mean number of nodes identified by IMLS in each patient was 7.8, which is in agreement with previously published autopsy and scintigraphic data. CT identified 243 possible nodes of normal size, but only 49 of them were within 10 mm of regions shown to be positive on the scintigram. The authors conclude that IMLS is the method of choice for defining parasternal lymphatic drainage and identifying those internal mammary nodes that are normal in both size and function.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Adenovirus pneumonia in a puppy.

A case of adenovirus pneumonia in a puppy is described. The emphasis is on histopathology where an alveolitis with typical Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in macrophages, pneumocytes and bronchiolar epithelial cells were the most significant findings. The literature on the subject is briefly reviewed.

Adenoviridae Infections↗