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Biomedical subjects

M Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to M Goldstein.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Forecasting of the effects of lumbar sympathectomy by the radiothermometry with pentothal (author's transl)].

This test has been previously described and is used routinely by the authors since 1960. The method is based on the alternate arterial blood distribution between skin and muscle of a limb, depending on modifications in the vasomotor tone. Skin temperature, arteriography and progression speed of the contrast medium are measured simultaneously. The test shows the morphology of the arterial lesion. It measures vasomotor reserve by these parameters, especially the skin temperature, before and after administration of pentothal. Results are rated as good, average and poor. The authors have compared this test, performed before surgery, to the results of lumbar sympathectomy and found an excellent correlation. Late result of lumbar sympathectomy can thus be foreseen by means of this test provided no new organic lesion interferes with the hemodynamics of the limb.

Angiography↗
PubMed1977

Benign pneumoperitoneum after fiberoptic colonoscopy. A prospective study of 100 patients.

A prospective study of 100 consecutive unselected patients undergoing both diagnostic and therapeutic firoptic colonoscopy was undertaken. Our incidence of colonic perforation is 1%, which is similar to the incidence reported in the literature. This study suggests that even when immediate postcolonoscopic supine and erect abdominal radiographs as well as pre- and postcolonoscopic total blood counts and enzyme levels to supplement clinical impressions are obtained, the incidence of perforation of the colon after fiberoptic colonoscopy is low and not any higher than that reported in the literature. Pneumoperitoneum may occur after fiberoptic colonoscopy with minimal or no clinical evidence suggesting perforation. Perforation in some patients may be treated conservatively without the need of emergency laparotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Treatment of parkinson's disease with bromocriptine.

Bromocriptine in high doses (up to 100 mg per day) was administered to 14 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease whose disorder was progressing despite optimum treatment with levodopa combined with a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa). In 10, bromocriptine (mean dose, 57 mg) induced a statistically significant (P less than 0.01) improvement in rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, gait disturbance and total score. In seven patients levodopa with carbidopa was completely replaced by bromocriptine (mean dose, 70 mg), with improvement in four. Adverse effects were similar to those observed with levodopa and carbidopa, except that in individual patients abnormal involuntary movements and diurnal oscillations in performance (on-off effect) were decreased whereas orthostatic hypotension and mental changes were increased. Bromocriptine appears to be a major new agent in Parkinson's disease that is especially promising in patients no longer responding to levodopa.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Peritoneoscopy in Hodgkin disease. Confirmation of results by laparotomy.

Peritoneoscopy was used to evaluate the liver in 35 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin disease. Four were found to have hepatic involvement. Of the 31 patients with normal peritoneoscopies, only one had liver disease demonstrated subsequently at confirmatory exploratory laparotomy. The diagnostic accuracy of peritoneoscopy was 93% for patients at high risk for hepatic disease and 97% for all patients studied. Morbidity from the procedure was minimal. There was no mortality. Peritoneoscopy is a highly accurate staging procedure that should be considered as an antecedent or as an alternative to laparotomy in patients with Hodgkin disease. Its accuracy and minimal morbidity should be considered in the critical selection process of determining which individuals should undergo laparotomy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1976

Stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity by cyclic AMP in synaptosomes and in soluble striatal enzyme preparations.

Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dB-cAMP) elicits a concentration-dependent stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the striatal and mesolimbic synaptosomes. The per cent of stimulation is significantly higher in the mesolimbic synaptosomes than in the striatal synaptosomes. dB-cAMP and depolarizing agents (ouabain or veratridine) have an additive effect on synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity, indicating that they stimulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity by different mechanisms. cAMP does not stimulate soluble striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity unless it is added in combination with ATP and Mg2+, compounds required for the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The cAMP elicited per cent stimulation of soluble tyrosine hydroxylase activity is dependent upon the concentration of added protein kinase and upon the pH of the reaction. dB-cAMP has the same effect on the kinetic state of tyrosine hydroxylase in synaptosomes as cAMP on the soluble tyrosine hydroxylase. The nucleotide does not alter the apparent Km for tyrosine, reduces the Km for the pteridine cofactor and increases the Ki for dopamine. Thus, cAMP increases the affinity of tyrosine hydroxylase for the pteridine cofactor and concomitantly decreases the affinity for the end-product inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The antiparkinsonian efficacy of bromocriptine.

The antiparkinsonian activity of bromocriptine, a presumed dopaminergic receptor agonist, was investigated in monkeys with surgically induced tremor and in a group of parkinsonian patients. A single administration of bromocriptine resulted in a dose-dependent relief of tremor in monkeys. Repeated administration enhanced this effect. Only mild abnormal involuntary movements were observed and only after repeated administration. Eleven patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with bromocriptine (mean dose, 26.4 mg a day). Clinically obvious improvement was noted in one or more of the cardinal signs of the disease in six patients (responders). No obvious improvement in any of the cardinal signs was noted in the remaining five patients (nonresponders). Clinically, the responders were older and more severely affected and had been on a higher dose of levodopa. However, they had had the disease for a shorter period. It is suggested that failure to respond to bromocriptine may be related to a decrease in the sensitivity of postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Effect of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibition on cerebral vasospasm in the cat.

Inhibitors of dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) administered intraperitoneally were shown to prevent spasm of the basilar artery caused by blood application in cats. A low or nondetectable blood DBH activity level may be related to the absence of spasm. In several instances, however, moderate spasm did occur with a low blood DBH activity level. Possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Resistance of central phenylethanolamine-n-methyl transferase containing neurons to 6-hydroxydopamine.

The effects of the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine on phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) in rat brain has been investigated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. 6-Hydroxydopamine was administerered either intracisternally to adult rats or systemically to newborn rats, treatments known to affect markedly central noradrenaline neurons. None of these treatments had any significant effect on the PNMT activity in the hypothalamus, pons-medulla and the spinal cord, as measured in vitro using a radiometric assay. The neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, which produced an almost complete noradrenaline denervation in the spinal cord, had no notable effect on the specific PNMT immunofluorescence localized in nerve terminals in the spinal cord. Transection of the spinal cord led to an almost complete disappearance of the PNMT activity and the specific immunofluorescence below the transection, pointing to the existence of a descending PNMT containing pathyway in the spinal cord. The present results show that the PNMT neurons are resistant to the neurotoxic action of 6-hydroxydopamine, possibly due to lack of catecholamine uptake mechanism or due to these neurons having an uptake mechanism with a low affinity for 6-OH-DA. Furthermore, the data support the view that the noradrenaline and PNMT containing neurons constitute separate neuron systems.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1976

Immunohistochemical studies on the localization and distribution of monoamine neuron systems in the rat brain. I. Tyrosine hydroxylase in the mes- and diencephalon.

The localization and distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first enzyme in the catecholamine synthesis, in the mes- and diencephalon has been studied with the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators. Principally, TH was present in neuron systems with a distribution similar to known dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline systems. The present data, taken together with published and some unpublished results, indicate that all parts of most central dopamine neurons, i.e. cell body, dendrites, axon and nerve terminals, appear strongly fluorescent. The adrenaline neurons also appeared strongly fluorescent, except for their axons, which only exhibited a weak fluorescence. Only cell bodies of noradrenaline neurons were strongly fluorescent, whereas the nerve terminals and axons showed a weak or moderate fluorescence intensity. The fine noradrenaline nerve terminals in some areas, such as the thalamus, were invisible or, under favourable conditions, weakly fluorescent. Therefore, in the present study we are mainly dealing with the dopamine neurons of the upper brain stem. Our results demonstrate a widespread occurrence of TH-positive neuron systems in the mes- and diencephalon. The different mesencephalic dopamine systems and their ascending projections were visualized. Numerous TH-positive cell bodies were present along the ventricle system extending from the aqueductus cerebri to the most cranial periventricular parts of the third ventricle. The caudal part of these neurons, consisting of very small cell bodies, belong to the dorsal periventricular system described by Lindvall and Björklund. Several TH-positive cell bodies were also observed in the inferior collicle of young animals. In the superficial layers of the inferior collicles TH positive nerve terminals were seen. At the hypothalamic level the A11 to A14 cell groups as well as some additonal cell bodies and extensive nerve terminal plexuses appeared strongly fluorescent. The differences in the intensity of the TH-related immunofluorescence between various brain regions and between various neuron systems may well reflect differences in enzyme levels between the various catacholamine systems rather than be due to the existence of different types of TH.

Adrenergic Fibers↗