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Biomedical subjects

M Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to M Goldstein.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Localization and characterization of phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase in the brain of various mammalian species.

The distribution of PNMT activity in various regions and nuclei of the rat, monkey and human brain was investigated. The distribution of PNMT activity in the rat brain correlates with the distribution of PNMT immunofluorescence. The PNMT activity in the primate brain is more widely distributed than in the rat brain. High and intermediate enzyme activity values were dound in the same regions of the primate brain as in the rat brain. Intermediate or low levels were also found in various other regions of the primate brain, e.g., basal ganglia, amygdala, septum, habenula. The brain PNMT has the same substrate specificity and similar kinetic properties as the adrenal enzyme. Immunotitration studies revealed cross-reactivity between the homologous adrenal and brain PNMT.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1977

Stages IIB and IIIB Hodgkin's disease. Results of combined modality treatment.

Between April 1969, and December 1974, 23 IIB and 26 IIIB surgically staged patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Stage IIB patients received either mantle and para-aortic-splenic pedicle, or total modal irradiation (TNI) alone or with the addition of combination chemotherapy. Relapse-free survival is 83% and overall survival 88%. Eleven patients received combination chemotherapy in addition to mantle and para-aortic irradiation, and both the relapse-free and overall survival are 100%. Of the stage IIIB patients, seven received TNI alone with four relapses, and 19 were treated with TNI and MOPP with two relapses. These relapse rates are significantly different (p less than 0.05). The relapse-free and overall survival for all stage IIIB patients is 66% and 84% respectively. These data imply that irradiation alone is not adequate treatment for stage IIIB Hodgkin's disease, and that with the addition of combination chemotherapy both the disease-free and overall survival is similar to that of early stage Hodgkin's disease without systemic symptoms. The ideal management of stage IIB Hodgkin's disease is less certain; it is our plan to study the efficacy of combined modality treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The interactions of bromocriptine and lergotrile with dopamine and alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Bromocriptine and lergotrile, which are clinically used as antiparkinsonian (AP) agents, compete for the binding of H3-dopamine, H3-apomorphine, and H3-haloperidol to striatal membrane sites. Lergotrile has a higher affinity for the H3-dopamine binding to bovine striatal membranes than bromocriptine. Lergotrile and bromocriptine are almost equipotent in competing for the binding of H3-apomorphine to rat striatal membranes, but bromocriptine is more potent in competing for the binding of H3-haloperidol than lergotrile. These results indicate that lergotrile and bromocriptine are mixed putative agonist-antagonist with respect to the postsynaptic dopamine receptors. Lergotrile and bromocriptine at higher concentrations inhibit synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity, and reverse the apomorphine elicited enzyme inhibition. Thus, these ergot alkaloids behave as mixed agonist-antagonist also with respect to the presynaptic dopamine receptors. Bromocriptine and lergotrile, as well as other tested DH-ergot alkaloids and neuroleptics, compete for the binding of the alpha-antagonist H3-WB-4101 to rat cerebral cortical membranes. The displacing potencies of the tested DH-ergot alkaloids and of the neuroleptics indicate that they have a high affinity for the alpha-adrenoreceptors in the CNS.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1977

Occurrence of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in some peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic neurons.

By means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators, somatostatin-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in principal ganglion cells of some sympathetic ganglia. The noradrenergic nature of these cells was established by "staining" of the same or consecutive sections with antiserum to dopamine beta-hydroxylase [dopamine beta-monooxygenase; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.17.1], the enzyme converting dopamine to noradrenaline (norepinephrine). In guinea pigs the somatostatin immunoreactive material was found in almost two-thirds of all principal ganglion cells of the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex (anterior inferior part) and of the inferior mesenteric ganglion, but only in a few cells of the superior cervical ganglion. It appeared to be localized close to the Golgi complex. The present findings may represent a concomitant storage of a biogenic amine and a small peptide in a neuron. Because both noradrenaline and somatostatin may fulfill a role as a neurotransmitter or modulator, the sympathetic neurons described in this study may represent an example of mammalian nerve cells not conforming to Dale's hypothesis, i.e., the one neuronone transmitter concept.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

The neurologist as a health resource. Facts, estimates, and aspirations for the supply of neurologists.

In recent years, three thorough analyses have documented the present status of the availability of neurologists and estimated future needs and availability. The productivity of ongoing training programs would appear to be able to meet the minimal needs for neurologic services by 1985. Pending federal legislation may regulate the total number of residencies available in the future. The American Academy of Neurology has a role in maintaining a data base and analyzing the issues of quality maintenance, utilization of resources, and distribution of personnel.

Health Services Needs and Demand↗
PubMed1977

Immunohistochemical studies on the localization and distribution of monoamine neuron systems in the rat brain II. Tyrosine hydroxylase in the telencephalon.

Extensive plexuses of TH-positive nerve terminals were found in many parts of the telencephalon, mainly confined to the subcortical and limbic cortical structures. Of special interest were the distinct networks of varying densities in the amygdaloid cortex, the entorhinal cortex, the prepiriform cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex and the (pre-)frontal cortex. Their distribution is identical with the patterns observed in recent studies on cortical dopamine nerve terminals using certain modifications of the Falck-Hillarp technique. The extremely dense TH innervations patterns of the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, tuberculum olfactorium and the less dense basket-like innervation of the lateral septal nuclei could also be demonstrated. TH-positive cell bodies in a periglomerular position could be observed in the olfactory bulb. A few TH-positive cell bodies were observed in the area around the anterior commissure and in the cingulate cortex. In one area, the hippocampal formation, TH-positive dotlike structures were located in the position of the mossy fibres. In all probability they do not belong to monoamine neurons but may contain a cross-reacting protein. In general, the distribution and density of TH-positive terminals agrees well with extensive regional, biochemical studies on TH activity performed by other groups. Minor discrepancies are discussed. As stated in a parallel study on the distribution of TH in the mes- and diencephalon these findings indicate that TH activity is closely related to the amount of enzyme protein. The TH enzyme levels seem to be much higher in the DA than in the NA nerve terminals of the forebrain which would explain the preferential demonstration of DA terminals in the forebrain using TH antiserum and the high and low TH enzyme activity in DA and NA rich regions, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Complications of lumbar sympathectomy. Retrospective study of 791 patients].

The purpose of this paper is to define the nature and the frequency of post-lumbar sympathectomy complications and to reappreciate their importance in the evaluation of operative indication. The non specific miscellaneous complications are no more frequent than after any other lombotomy. The specific complications occur in less than 10%; they are almost always transient. Prolonged paralytic ileus is related to post-operative hematoma in retroperitoneal space. Ejaculation disturbances are produced either by bilateral resection of one of the two first lumbar ganglian or by section of the intermesenteric plexus, the presacral nerves or the hypogastric nerves during associated dissection of the aortic bifurcaiton. Late neuralgia is probably induced by retroperitoneal hematoma; its size increases gradually during the postoperative period by transference of tissue fluids. In conclusion, the morbidity and the morbidity rates of lumbar sympathectomy are remarkably low; these are not arguments against the lumbar sympathectomy.

Adult↗