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Biomedical subjects

M Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to M Goldstein.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Lack of action of prolactin suppression on the regulation of the human menstrual cycle.

Bromocriptin (CB 154) has been found to suppress established lactation at a time when human plasma prolactin (HPRL) concentrations have already returned to the nonpregnant range. This action is due to inhibition of prolactin from the pituitary. It was then thought that a similar degree of inhibition induced during the menstrual cycle may help to uncover other possible biological actions of prolactin. In an attempt to elucidate this question eight breast-feeding mothers and seven normally menstruating volunteers underwent treatment with CB 154, including blood sampling during a sleep period. The dosage was 1 mg., three times daily, for 14 days in the first group and for a whole cycle in the normal volunteers. A control cycle preceded drug administration in the latter group. Prolactin (HPRL), growth hormone (HGH), luteotropin (LH), progesterone (PG), and estradiol (E2) were estimated (mean +/- standard error) along the menstrual cycles in the normal volunteers. HPRL and milk volumes were measured in the breast-feeding women in the base-line period and during treatment. In the postpartum group, basal HPRL had already reached normal levels prior to therapy (10.8 +/- 1.0 ng. per milliliter) and was significantly (p less than 0.002) depressed to 3.7 +/- 0.4 ng. per milliliter by CB 154. This degree of inhibition was effective in suppressing lactation within 24 to 48 hours in all of the subjects in that group. The fall in plasma HPRL from 9.5 +/- 1.5 ng. per milliliter to 3.2 +/- 0.2 ng. per milliliter observed in the normally menstruating women was similar to the one recorded in the breast-feeding group, but the sequence of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle was not altered by treatment. The overnight study ensured around-the-clock prolactin inhibition. Results indicate no action of prolactin in the regulation of the human menstrual cycle at levels of inhibition at which a biological action of this hormone is clearly suppressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Congenital urethral fistula with chordee.

The tenth reported case of congenital urethral fistula with chordee was repaired by a 1-stage procedure. The ventral intact prepuce was used to form a tubular pedicle flap from which the distal portion of the new urethra was constructed. The proximal neourethra was fashioned from a tubular pedicle flap based at the proximal fistulous orifice. The prevailing hypothesis advanced for the etiology of hypospadias postulates a deficiency of testicular evocator substance prior to complete formation of the urethra. This theory inadequately explains the genesis of congenital urethral fistula as well as chordee without hypospadias. Congenital urethral fistula and congenital chordee without hypospadias are best explained by the theory of deficient urethral plate.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the antiparkinsonism efficacy of lergotrile.

The antiparkinsonian activity of lergotrile mesylate, a presumed dopaminergic receptor stimulating agent, was investigating in monkeys with surgically induced tremor and in parkinsonian patients. The administration of lergotrile resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the intensity of tremor in the monkeys. In 13 patients with Parkinson's disease treated with lergotrile (up to 12 mg a day), overall improvement was observed in five. Tremor was the main clinical feature to benefit, and the improvement reached statistical significance. In a subgroup of four patients treated with a higher dose of lergotrile (up to 20 mg a day), further improvement in rigidity and bradykinesia was noted, but again, only improvement in tremor was statistically significant. Adverse effects included orthostatic hypotension, behavioral alterations, and nausea and vomiting. These were severe enough to result in drug withdrawal in three patients.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1975

Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in familial dysautonomia.

The mean value of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) in patients with familial dysautonomia, 1 to 5 years of age, does not differ significantly from control children of the same age (24.0 plus or minus 21.06 S.D. as compared to 34.0 plus or minus 33.12). Among patients 6 years of age and over, the mean value was slightly but significantly lower than in control subjects (62.7 plus or minus 49.61, as compared to control values of 86.1 plus or minus 54.31 p less than 0.025). However, the determination of serum D beta H does not contribute to the diagnosis of familial dysautonomia because well over half the children have levels within 1 S.D. of the mean levels of the control subjects. There is no correlation with clinical symptomatology. The disease process may tend to depress the level of serum D beta H but the effect is neither consistent nor decisive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Use of synthesis inhibitors in defining a role for biogenic amines during imipramine treatment in depressed patients.

Endogenously depressed patients who showed an antidepressant response to the tricyclic drug imipramine continued to show sustained well being after alpha-MPT was added whereas depression returned when small doses of PCPA were added for brief periods. In one patient the antidepressant response to imipramine occurred after pre- and continued treatment with alpha-MPT. Urinary excretion levels of MHPG in one of the patients studied longitudinally did not correspond to the direction of clinical affective state but did reflect anticipated changes during alpha-MPT treatment. Implications are that serotonergic mechanisms are likely involved in the anti-depressant effects of imipramine in man.

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol↗
PubMed1975

The effect of various chlorpromazine derivatives on the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity.

The effects of chlorpromazine and of some metabolites of chlorpromazine on the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity were investigated. Chlorpromazine, nor1-chlorpromazine and 7-hydroxychlorpromazine reverse the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity while nor1-chlorpromazine sulfoxide and nor2-chlorpromazine sulfoxide have no effect on this inhibition. 6-Hydroxychlorpromazine and promethazine also reverse the enzyme inhibition by apomorphine but are less potent than chlorpromazine or 7-hydroxychlorpromazine. These results show that chlorpromazine and its metabolites with antipsychotic activity are more effective in reversing the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase than those metabolites which are devoid of antipsychotic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of butaclamol and of other neuroleptic agents on the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity.

The effects of the two enantiomers of butaclamol and of several neuroleptics on the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity was investigated. The (+) but not the (-) enantiomer of butaclamol reverses the apomorphine-elicited enzyme inhibition. (+) Butaclamol is more potent than the other tested neuroleptics. All the tested neuroleptics reverse the apomorphine-elicited enzyme inhibition but their relative potency differs. Using two criteria, namely the concentrations of neuroleptics required to reverse enzyme inhibition maximally or by 25%, the order of decreasing potency is as follows: (+) butaclamol, fluphenazine, haloperidol, pimozide, chlorpromazine. The results suggest that the reversal of apomorphine-elicited inhibition of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity is a valid test model for screening antipsychotic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Results of cholecystectomy in 1000 consecutive patients.

Analysis of the results of cholecystectomy in 1000 consecutive patients revealed an overall mortality of 0.6%; among patients who underwent cholecystectomy only, there were no deaths. Wound infection occurred in 3.4% of all patients but the rate exceeded 8% among those in whom another procedure was performed or there was acute cholecystitis. Cephaloridine given prophylactically was useful in decreasing the infection rate in the two latter groups. Cystic duct cholangiography, used in 193 patients, increased the rate of stone retrieval from the bile ducts from 41 to 63%, but the incidence of both false-negative and false-positive cholangiograms was disturbingly high. Exploration was performed on clinical grounds despite a normal cholangiogram in 15 patients, with 5 positive results. Common duct exploration was productive 41% of the time when clinical judgement without cholangiography was used. While cystic duct cholangiography is useful, improvements in reliability are imperative and probably feasible, in view of the results achieved in the operating room and those in departments of radiology.

Acute Disease↗