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Biomedical subjects

M Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to M Goldman.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Infections associated with subclavian dialysis catheters: the key role of nurse training.

Two hundred subclavian dialysis catheters were placed in 148 patients who kept them in place for a total of 2,798 days. Catheterization time ranged from 1 to 79 days with an average of 14.0 +/- 1.0 days per catheter and 18.9 +/- 1.0 days per patient. Twenty nine catheters were infected, 17 of which were the source of bacteremias due to Staphylococcus epidermidis in 13 cases and to Staphylococcus aureus in 4 cases. The incidence of sepsis was not significantly greater in diabetic patients, in patients with corticotherapy or in patients presenting an underlying systemic disease. On the contrary, the incidence was greater in hospitalized patients (15 bacteremias during 1,948 catheter days) than in ambulatory patients (2 bacteremias during 850 catheters-days) as well as during a period corresponding to a greater number of untrained nurses enrolled in the dialysis team. During this period, 6 sepsies occurred in 19 catheters (other periods: 7 sepsies/116 catheters, p less than 0.01). 6 of 28 nurses had less than 3 months of professional experience (other periods: 1 of 25, p less than 0.01). These data underline the key role of nurse training in the prevention of catheter-related infections.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1986

Mammary tumors in a colony of beagle dogs.

In a lifetime study, female beagle dogs in a closed colony were administered 226radium and 90strontium. An unirradiated control group was included in the study. A total of 223 of 356 dogs at risk developed 1,112 mammary proliferative growths (hyperplastic nodules and neoplasms). There was no correlation between occurrence and types of lesions in radiation and control groups. The age range for first occurrence of lesions was 10.4 to 13.9 years; hyperplastic nodule and benign mixed tumor occurred 1 to 2 years earlier than other lesions. A multiplicity of growths of similar or different morphological type were common throughout the lifetime of the dog. The female beagles, collectively, developed 244 hyperplastic nodules, 78 adenomas, 694 benign mixed tumors, 78 carcinomas, 14 malignant mixed tumors, and four myoepitheliomas. Proliferations occurred with increasing frequency from the cranial to caudal mammary glands. Metastasis was found in 77% of the dogs with carcinoma. The median time from diagnosis to metastasis was 10 months, but was shorter in dogs with infiltrative carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Impairment of phagocyte oxidative metabolism in hemodialyzed patients with iron overload.

In order to study the influence of iron overload on the polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) metabolism of patients on chronic hemodialysis, generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by PMN in whole blood was compared in two groups of hemodialyzed patients: group A consisted of twenty-one individuals with serum ferritin levels above 1000 ng/ml and group B of nineteen individuals with serum ferritin levels below 1000 ng/ml. Whereas basal production of O2- was similar in the two groups (6.3 +/- 4.6 vs 11.5 +/- 8.3 nmoles O2- 10(6) granulocytes-1 15 min-1) (mean +/- s.e.m.), PMN response to opsonized zymosan was significantly lower in group A as compared with group B (86.5 +/- 6.3 vs 120.4 +/- 8.2 nmoles O2- 10(6) granulocytes-1 15 min-1) (p less than 0.01). Superoxide anion generation induced by the dialysis procedure was reduced in eight patients from group A (89.2 +/- 32.1) as compared with eight patients from group B (374.3 +/- 100.0 nmoles O2- 10(6) granulocytes-1 15 min-1) (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that iron overload may be involved in the impairment of neutrophil phagocytosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1986

Parathyroid adenoma causing persistent hypercalcaemia after rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure.

Persistent hypercalcaemia developed in a 26-year-old man after rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure. Although several serum parathyroid values were normal following recovery of renal function, primary hyperparathyroidism was suspected after 9 months of prolonged hypercalcaemia. A single parathyroid adenoma was removed and serum calcium as well as serum parathyroid hormone returned to normal values. The persistence of increased serum calcium concentrations after rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure should lead one to consider other causes of hypercalcaemia, and particularly primary hyperparathyroidism.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Does the in situ technique improve flow characteristics in femoropopliteal bypass?

A postulated advantage of in situ over reversed vein bypass is improved flow characteristics. This study compares Doppler frequency analyses in 22 patients with reversed veins and in 21 patients with in situ femoropopliteal vein grafts. Signals from the common femoral artery, the femoral anastomosis, and the vein in the mid thigh were analyzed and the pulsatility index (PI) and flow disturbance index (FDI) calculated (FDI = maximum frequency divided by median frequency). The two groups were similar clinically and common femoral artery PI showed inflow to be similar and satisfactory. Marked turbulence occurred at the femoral anastomosis where peak FDI rose from 1.67 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SD) to 2.96 +/- 0.69 in the in situ vein group and from 1.74 +/- 0.51 to 3.11 +/- 0.64 in the reversed vein group (p less than 0.001). This turbulence was much reduced at mid thigh level where peak FDI had fallen to 1.45 +/- 0.17 in the reversed vein group and 1.51 +/- 0.23 in the in situ vein group (p less than 0.001). Comparison of the signals from the femoral anastomosis and from the vein at mid thigh showed that the amount of flow disturbance was no different in the in situ vein group from that in the reversed vein group (unpaired t test). In this study flow patterns were not improved by use of the in situ bypass technique.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1986

Subclavian vein thrombosis: a frequent complication of subclavian vein cannulation for hemodialysis.

Subclavian vein cannulation was suggested as a temporary vascular access for hemodialysis since one of its advantages was considered to be no damage to blood vessels. As we observed six patients with symptomatic subclavian vein thrombosis among 148 patients having received subclavian vein cannulation for hemodialysis, we systematically performed subclavian venogram in 42 asymptomatic patients selected on the basis of a history of previous subclavian vein cannulation. Venograms were performed 15.7 +/- 8.9 months after the removal of the last catheter. Eight patients (19%) had complete thrombosis or severe stenosis of the subclavian vein while six patients (14%) had minimal luminal defects. Considering together the 48 patients, the group with thrombosis or severe stenosis (group 1, n = 14) was compared with the group with minimal defects or normal venograms (group 2, n = 34). In group 1, as compared with group 2, there were more female (64% vs 32%, p = 0.02), more cannulations per vein (1.87 +/- 0.35 vs 1.32 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.05) and more cumulative days of cannulation per vein (35.1 +/- 7.9 vs 24.4 +/- 1.1, p less than 0.001). No difference between the two groups was seen for the number of catheter infections, the number of catheters with poor flow or obstruction, the coagulation screening of the patients or the time-length between the removal of the last catheter and the venogram study. Two of the initially asymptomatic patients developed later on clinical problems related to the subclavian vein thrombosis. We conclude that the subclavian vein cannulation leads to significant damages of the vessels, excluding a whole arm, for future vascular access in some patients.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1985

[Allogenic interactions in immunopathology].

Allogeneic interactions associated with experimental graft-versus-host reaction are sometimes responsible for the development of autoantibodies, immune complex lesions and malignant lymphocytic proliferation. Hypergammaglobulinaemia reflects the activation of B cells, and T cell-associated responses are deeply depressed. Some of these abnormalities are also found in chimera mice following injection of semi-allogeneic cells. The place of allogeneic interactions in human pathology has not yet been determined, but they might intervene in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases and in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Fracture properties of composite and glass ionomer dental restorative materials.

The double-torsion technique has been used to determine critical stress intensity factor (K1c) values for a range of composites and glass ionomer cements used in restorative dentistry. From these values and determined elastic modulus (E) and tensile strength (sigma T) values, two other fracture properties: G1c, the critical strain energy release rate and a0, the inherent flaw size, have been evaluated. Glass ionomers have low K1c and high a0 values, coarse particle composites high K1c and high a0 values, microfine materials low K1c and low a0 values and fine particle composites medium to high K1c values and medium to low a0 values. Light curing materials have K1c values according to their group but tend to have lower a0 values than their chemically curing analogues. Glass ionomers have very low G1c values; however, there is no significant difference between the G1c values of the composite groups. The K1c and a0 values have been used to predict relative performance of the materials in highly stressed restorations and wear.

Dental Materials↗
PubMed1985

The modifying influence of aging on behavior in mice neonatally injected with monosodium glutamate.

Newborn mice were injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG), and behavioral testing and physical development in neonatal, juvenile, adult, and aged mice were observed by means of a battery of appropriate tests. Early exposure to MSG resulted in altered behavioral performances postnatally, which were transitory and reflected the neurotoxicity of the chemical. Although behavioral deficits were not observed in mice neonatally treated with MSG at 1 month of age, a definite decline was manifested at 12 months and 34 months of age.

Aggression↗
PubMed1985

A phase II trial of cyclophosphamide and adriamycin in refractory squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. An effective salvage regimen.

A phase II trial of cyclophosphamide and adriamycin was carried out in 26 patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, previously treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-based regimens. The overall response rate was 46% (12/26 patients) with the median duration of response being 6.5 months. Cyclophosphamide and adriamycin is an active combination in patients with previously treated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Eosinophilic peritonitis: an unusual manifestation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Eosinophilic ascites is an uncommon clinical entity with diagnostic considerations separate from those of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). We describe a man with documented E. coli SBP with an 80% eosinophilia in peritoneal fluid (total cell count 12,400/mm3) and no peripheral eosinophilia. Antimicrobial therapy resulted in both clinical improvement and resolution of the eosinophilia in the ascitic fluid. The possible role of associated medications and the potential importance of this syndrome are discussed.

Ascites↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of muscles from aspartic acid obese rats.

This study was undertaken to determine whether changes in muscle mass, muscle fiber diameter, or shifts in fiber type occur in the aspartic acid-injected rat, an animal model of hypothalamically induced obesity. We found that diaphragm, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscle mass was 140, 149, and 171% greater, respectively, in control compared with aspartic acid-injected rats. No differences were noted in heart weights. Significant reductions in mean fiber diameter of aspartic compared with control rats were present in each skeletal muscle. Furthermore, significant size reductions were noted for each fiber type in the diaphragm, with fast-glycolytic fibers showing the greatest reduction compared with controls at both 7 and 12 mo. Fiber type composition within the diaphragm did not differ between groups but showed a change with age. These results are compared with genetic models of obesity, the Zucker rat and the ob/ob mouse, as well as the ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned rat and the gold thioglucose mouse. Based on these results, the aspartic rat appears more similar to the two genetic models of obesity and also mimics some of the effects of malnutrition in rodents.

Age Factors↗