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Biomedical subjects

M Fukui

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukui.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources

Adenoid cystic carcinoma with intracranial extension: report of three cases.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) usually arises from the salivary, lacrimal, or other exocrine glands, and is rarely encountered by neurosurgeons. The authors describe three cases involving intracranial extension. An intraorbital tumor in a 71-year-old man extended directly into the epidural space of the frontal base and destroyed the orbital roof. In a 53-year-old woman, the tumor arose from the area adjacent to the eustachian tube and invaded the Gasserian ganglion. In the third patient, a 58-year-old man, the tumor originated in the maxillary sinus and extended directly into the middle cranial fossa. In all these cases, the tumors were removed to the fullest extent possible. Although residual tumor was markedly reduced by radiation therapy, recurrence and metastases occurred within a few years. Thus, adenoid cystic carcinoma appears to be radiosensitive, but not curable by irradiation. In treating a recurrent tumor in one patient, we applied the so-called "two-route" chemotherapy (cisplatin and its antidote) in combination with radiation therapy. The tumor responded well to this therapy, although multiple pulmonary and bone metastases eventually led to the patient's death.

Aged↗

Tumors of the lateral ventricular wall, especially the septum pellucidum: clinical presentation and variations in pathological features.

The clinical and histopathological features of 19 patients with tumors involving the septum pellucidum are presented. These tumors predominantly affected young adults, and the clinical manifestations were usually the results of raised intracranial pressure related to obstructive hydrocephalus, mental abnormality, epileptic seizures, or a combination of these. Seventeen of the tumors grew mainly in the lateral and third ventricles, and the other 2 grew both into the lateral ventricle and the cerebral parenchyma. The direction of cellular differentiation of the tumor cells varied from patient to patient and consisted of 8 neurocytomas, 1 mature neuronal tumor with ganglionic and small round neuronal cells, 3 subependymomas, 3 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, 2 pilocytic astrocytomas, 1 malignant astrocytoma, and 1 teratoma with embryonal carcinoma. These tumors were considered to have arisen from the multipotential cells in the subependymal plate or germ cell rests in the lateral ventricular wall, especially in the septum pellucidum. Because of the relatively inert biological behavior and histological features of most of these tumors, we favor the malformative theory of their origin. Either total or an extensive excision of the tumors in this series, which had developed mainly in the ventricular system, provided long-term survival in many cases.

Adolescent↗

Neurinoma in the cavernous sinus: report of two cases.

Two cases of trigeminal neurinoma located solely in the cavernous sinus are reported. Preoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging provided the accurate localization of the lesions, allowing precise planning of the surgical approach, that is, a subtemporal lateral approach and a pterional superior approach, respectively. The neurinomas inside the cavernous sinus were removed successfully, and the patients developed no new neurological deficits except for anesthesia in the 1st division of the trigeminal nerve. The characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of trigeminal neurinoma in the cavernous sinus are presented, and the different surgical approaches are discussed.

Adult↗

Cerebral hemodynamic change in the child and the adult with moyamoya disease.

To clarify the differences in cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism between children and adults with bilateral moyamoya disease, we measured regional cerebral blood flow, regional oxygen extraction fraction, regional metabolic rate for oxygen, regional cerebral blood volume, and regional transit time using positron emission tomography in nine patients (five children and four adults) and compared the values with those in controls (four children with unilateral moyamoya disease and six normal adults). The major differences between pediatric and adult patients were in regional cerebral blood volume and regional oxygen extraction fraction. Regional cerebral blood volume was more markedly increased relative to the control value in the children than in the adults. Also, regional oxygen extraction fraction was greater than control in areas with low blood flow in the children but was never increased in the adults. However, in the adults, only regional transit time was significantly prolonged relative to the control values. The increased regional oxygen extraction fraction relative to the control value observed in children with moyamoya disease may explain why transient ischemic attacks are a common symptom in this group.

Adolescent↗

Glycine conjugation of the substituted benzoic acids in vitro: structure-metabolism relationship study.

The relationships between the chemical structure and glycine conjugation of 10 para- and 8 meta-monosubstituted, and 6 disubstituted benzoic acids were examined in the rat liver and kidney mitochondria. For the simultaneous determination of the acid and its glycine conjugate, a simple and specific high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed. The extent of glycine conjugation of a series of substituted benzoic acids in liver mitochondria was similar to that in kidney mitochondria. Glycine conjugation increased with greater lipid solubility. On the other hand, more bulky substituents at the p- or m-position on the benzene ring reduced the glycine conjugation. The dependence on van der Waals volume (Vw) values for substituents reflects the importance of steric effects in the glycine conjugation. However the steric effect of the substituent was slightly less pronounced at the m-position than at the p-position. These results indicate that an active site of the enzyme possess limited steric bulk tolerance.

Animals↗

Evaluation of cardiac tissue from two-dimensional echocardiogram: analysis of gray level and its distribution.

Two-dimensional echocardiograms of parasternal long-axis view were recorded and the mean echo intensity and its distribution in the interventricular septum were examined for the purpose of inferring myocardial tissue. Six healthy subjects (N), 29 with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and 12 with old anteroseptal myocardial infarctions (MI) were used in the study. Settings for gain control were adjusted in the constant manner. Data were recorded on a Video tape recorder, with analog data converted to digital signals, subjected to a low-pass filtering, and then analyzed by a Computer tomography image processor. The region of interest was set within the interventricular septum, and a mean relative echo intensity and its histogram (number of pixels showing different echo intensity) was evaluated. The histogram patterns were examined and the parameter for skewness, which shows asymmetrical characteristics, and the parameter for kurtosis, which shows degree of peakedness of distribution, were calculated. Relative echo intensity was found to increase in the order MI greater than LVH greater than N. Histograms showed the majority of pixels were concentrated at the low echo intensity level in the normal group, while pixels were distributed in a relatively gentle slope around the mean value in the LVH group. Many pixels were in the high intensity levels in the MI group, although the rest were dispersed throughout various intensities including low level. The differences are thought to be related to the extent and density of fibrosis. Analysis of two-dimensional echocardiographic echo intensity and distribution may be useful in characterizing myocardial tissues.

Adult↗

[Rate of incidence of divorce in birth cohorts classified by age difference between married couples].

We examined the situation concerning divorce in Japan from the view-point of age difference between married couples using vital statistics from the year 1952 to 1985. Annual and cumulative divorce rates were introduced as rate of incidence of divorce. We studied these indices by age difference between couples in birth cohorts of husbands. Our conclusions were as follows: 1) The cumulative divorce rate was lower in early birth cohorts than in late birth cohorts. 2) The cumulative divorce rate for young adult couples (aged 20-30) was higher than that for middle-aged couples (aged more than 30) in every cohort. 3) The cumulative divorce rate was lowest when husbands were 1 to 4 years older than wives. This tendency was quite similar in different ages and cohorts. 4) The same conclusions were reached when the annual divorce rate was substituted for the cumulative divorce rate.

Adult↗

Selective enhancement of intratumoral blood flow in malignant gliomas using intra-arterial adenosine triphosphate.

The effect of intravenous and intracarotid administration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the regional blood flow of glioma patients has been examined by means of positron emission tomography. Intracarotid administration of ATP at a dose of 0.52 to 1.3 micrograms/kg/min selectively increased the blood flow in the tumor by 26.2% +/- 10.5% (mean +/- standard deviation). The side effects observed were tolerable. In contrast, intravenous administration of ATP failed to increase tumor blood flow. It is suggested that intracarotid administration of ATP may serve to selectively enhance the delivery of anticancer agents to malignant brain tumors.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

Prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsia antibody in Apodemus speciosus captured in an endemic focus in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

Fourteen of Apodemus speciosus (large Japanese field mouse) were captured near the place where one of the patients with spotted fever group rickettsiosis had been infected, in Takaoka town, Miyazaki Prefecture. In the town, four human cases were reported. All of the mice had antibodies against Rickettsia japonica and R. montana. The incidence of the antibody was significantly higher in Apodemus mice in the area than in those from nonendemic area.

Animals↗

[Alteration of polyol metabolism in glomeruli of streptozotocin diabetic rats--analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

The purpose of the present study is to determine polyols and sugars in glomeruli obtained from streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Sixty milligram per kg body weight of STZ was injected to Sprague-Dawley male rats and then the animals were sacrificed 4 and 12 weeks after the injection. One group of STZ diabetic rats was treated with 8-14 units of NPH insulin for 3 weeks. Glomeruli were isolated by sieving methods. The concentration of polyols and sugars was measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The levels of glucose, sorbitol, fructose, mannose, ribitol and erythritol in the glomeruli were significantly higher in 4- or 12-week diabetic rats than those in control rats, whereas the level of scyllo-inositol was decreased. In insulin treated 4-week diabetic rats, the levels of all polyols but scyllo-inositol were significantly decreased compared with untreated diabetic rats. The level of myo-inositol in glomeruli of 12-week diabetic rats was significantly higher than those of control rats, whereas that of erythritol was decreased. The urinary N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity as well as creatinine clearance was increased in 4- and 12-week diabetic rats. Urinary protein was also increased in 12-week diabetic rats. These findings suggest that the alterations of polyol metabolism in glomeruli of diabetes may play an important role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy. It is likely that treatment with insulin improves the alteration of polyol metabolism in the glomeruli in early stages of diabetes.

Animals↗

[Anesthetic management for surgery of patients with metastatic brain tumors associated with lung tumors].

We had four patients who received anesthesia for metastatic brain tumors. All patients were complicated with primary lung tumors which had caused several respiratory problems. Respiratory failure and intratracheal hemorrhage from lung tumors were the severest complications during and after the operation. Two patients suffered from pneumonia at early postoperative stage and died of respiratory failure within eighty days after the operation. We consider that these preoperative findings of atelectasis and hemosputum are important signs that could predict those severe complications. To avoid postoperative respiratory complications in patients with atelectasis, the anesthetist should perform careful perioperative management such as active preoperative pulmonary physical therapy and should choose anesthetics which do not affect postoperative consciousness and respiration, and should perform intensive postoperative respiratory care. To prevent pulmonary hemorrhage, the fiberoptic bronchoscopy is useful for the diagnosis and the therapy. We also consider that the long operation aggravates postoperative complications. Planning of operation and performing operative procedure in a shortest time possible are also important.

Adult↗

Magnetic resonance imaging compared with computed tomography and angiography in moyamoya disease.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed in 13 patients with moyamoya disease was reviewed and compared with computed tomography (CT) and angiography. The MR findings consisted of occlusion of arteries, collateral vessels and parenchymal changes. Narrowing or occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery were seen in all hemispheres but one. Collateral vessels, cerebral infarcts and atrophy with dilatation of the ventricles were observed on MR imaging. In general, the MR findings correlated well with angiography regarding occlusive changes and moyamoya vessels but was less sensitive in a few cases. Because of its higher sensitivity in detecting occlusive changes and collateral vessels, MR imaging was superior to CT in the diagnosis of this disease.

Adolescent↗

[Pilot study of a stent made of a shape memorizing alloy used for obstructive jaundice].

To learn about endoprosthetic stents used for obstructive jaundice, we examined the pathohistologic effects of stents on bile ducts using 35 adult mongrel dogs. Small histological changes of the epithelium were observed under a microscope for materials having a shape-memorizing alloy with gold plating. Our stent contain NiTi, which restored the memorized shape and size at 40-42 degrees C. The initial outer diameter of stent was 3 mm. After memory restoration, the diameter expanded 5 mm in diameter. An alloy was 0.3-0.5 mm phi in diameter. In this paper, we introduced our insertion devices and display those of cases where stents were used for endoprosthesis in obstructive jaundice.

Animals↗

The ratio of fucosylation of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatoblastoma.

Hepatoblastoma differs from the adult type of hepatoma in clinical and pathologic features. The ratio of fucosylation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was determined in seven patients with hepatoblastoma and in 21 infants and children with otherwise elevated serum AFP, using the improved technique of lentil agglutinin-affinity immunoelectrophoresis. The clinical data for the seven patients with hepatoblastoma were also reviewed. The ratio of fucosylation of AFP was significantly higher in all seven patients with hepatoblastoma, whereas it was minimal in all other cases of benign hepatic conditions such as neonatal hepatitis or biliary atresia, as well as in normal newborns. The ratio of fucosylation in hepatoblastoma, however, definitely decreased with the age of the patient at presentation. This finding suggests a correlation between fucosylation and a rapid rate of tumor growth, because all hepatoblastomas are believed to originate early in fetal life.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

Moyamoya disease. Posterior cerebral artery occlusion and pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential.

Although vascular abnormality in moyamoya disease predominates in the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) has been found to be involved in the course of the disease. To explore PCA occlusion by noninvasive means, we studied visual-evoked potentials in the patients with PCA occlusion (occlusive group), as well as in those without PCA occlusion (nonocclusive group). The results were compared with those of other examinations that also detected an occipital lobe pathologic condition. Abnormalities of those examinations were highly specific to PCA occlusion. Positron emission tomography and pattern-reversal visual-evoked potentials yielded high incidence of abnormality in the occlusive group (86% and 75%, respectively), and expressed the side of PCA occlusion if the occlusion was unilateral. Since pattern-reversal visual-evoked potentials is popular and a low-cost examination compared with positron emission tomography, we conclude that pattern-reversal visual-evoked potentials is the most practical mean to explore PCA occlusion in the course of moyamoya disease.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗

Surgical treatment for paediatric patients with moyamoya disease by indirect revascularization procedures (EDAS, EMS, EMAS).

Surgical results of paediatric patients with Moyamoya disease who were treated by indirect revascularization procedures are reported. Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS), encephalomyo-arterio-synangiosis (EMAS), and/or encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) were performed on 47 sides of 29 children with Moyamoya disease. The results of those non-anastomotic EC-IC bypass procedures were evaluated clinically, angiographically, and by computed tomography (CT). Postoperative external carotid angiograms showed a good collateral formation through EDAS, EMAS, or EMS in about 70-80 percent of all surgically treated sides. The symptoms such as TIA, RIND, and/or involuntary movements disappeared in the cases with a good collateral formation but not in those with insufficient development of the collateral circulation. The indirect EC-IC bypass surgery seems effective for most of the children with Moyamoya disease who present with ischaemic signs.

Angiography↗