[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of pediatric intussusception].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
M Fukuda
Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.
Differential input from the amygdaloid body to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus in the rat.
Differential amygdaloid afferents to anterior dorsal, anterior ventral, posterior dorsal and posterior ventral subdivisions of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) were studied by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections of tracer confined to the VMH subdivisions mentioned, and enhancement of tracer uptake and transport were achieved by iontophoretic delivery of an HRP solution containing poly-L-alpha-ornithine. It was shown that the medial, central, basolateral, basomedial, lateroposterior and intercalated nuclei of the amygdala constitute afferent input sources to the ventromedial nucleus in a topographic pattern related to the various subdivisions of the VMH. This topographically organized amygdala-VMH projection is discussed against the background of the functional role that both amygdala and VMH play in the control of feeding, apart from various other autonomous functions that both brain centers are known to be concerned with.
Afferent Pathways↗
Cytofluorometric nuclear DNA-determinations in infant, adolescent, adult and aging human hearts.
The progress of polyploidization in the human heart muscle cell was investigated by cytofluorometry, involving selective measurements of heart muscle cell nuclei. Thirty-two tissue samples, taken from the free wall of the left ventricle of each autopsied heart, were fixed in Carnoy's fluid. From thick (100--150 micrometers) paraffin sections, isolated cells for smears were obtained by enzyme digestion and ultrasonic treatment. The smears were stained with azocarmin G to eliminate background fluorescence and subsequently stained by an acriflavine-Feulgen reaction. Cytofluorometric DNA-determinations were carried out selectively on heart muscle cell nuclei, using the muscle striations revealed by azocarmin g-fluorescence as specific markers. The dynamic process of polyploidization in normal hearts could be divided into four stages. In the first stage (under 1 year of age), almost all heart muscle cell nuclei (94.3 +/- 1.8%) were diploid. In the second stage (1 to 9 years of age), the number of tetraploid nuclei increased (13.6 +/- 7.1%). In the third stage (9 to 22 years of age), octaploid nuclei first appeared and the number of tetraploid nuclei increased (26.7 +/- 3.9%). The DNA pattern in the fourth stage (22 to 75 years of age) was relatively constant, with a ratio of diploid (62.4 +/- 8.7%), tetraploid (31.4 +/- 6.7%) and octaploid (5.8 +/- 3.9%) nuclei. From these results it was concluded that physiological polyploidization progresses in proportion to the increase of heart weight. The frequency of polyploid nuclei in human heart was not so high as reported by previous investigators.
Adolescent↗
Analysis of data on 170 consecutive patients transplanted with kidneys from living relatives.
Graft survival, mortality, histocompatibility and rehabilitation were studied in 170 consecutive patients receiving kidneys from living relatives. Average follow-up was 5 years and one month with a minimum post-transplant evaluation of 6 months. Overall patient survival was 93 per cent at one year and there was a remarkable decline thereafter. Overall graft survival was 84 per cent at one year, 73 per cent at three, and 67 per cent at five years. Among the 76 patients treated since 1979, both patients and graft survival have improved: 93 per cent and 80 per cent at three years, respectively, because of a decrease in serious complications. Although no correlation was found between HLA-A and B loci matching and graft survival in patients with no mismatch in the HLA-DR locus, there was a significantly higher graft survival. Infection, the leading cause of death especially in the early post-transplant period, has been brought under control. Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head which occurred in 27 (16 per cent) patients proved to be the most difficult problem. The majority of patients are functioning well socially and vocationally and reproductive functions have been restored. Transplantation offers a better quality of life for patients with chronic renal failure, as compared to hemodialysis. The increased procurement of cadaver kidneys must be given attention.
Adolescent↗
A method for long-term artifact-free recording of single unit activity in freely moving, eating and drinking animals.
A method for long-term artifact-free recording of single unit activity in freely moving, eating and drinking animals is described. A dual channel field effect transistor (FET) which functions as dual source followers is mounted directly on the head socket of the animal and the pins are connected directly to chronically implanted microwire electrodes. Unit activity inputs to the FETs from two closely spaced electrode wires, one recording and one indifferent, were differentially amplified through a circuit with high common mode rejection ratio. Use of the FETs reduced the signal source impedance of long lead wires from the electrodes to the main amplifier and differential recording from two close electrodes cancelled mastication-related myoelectric potentials as common mode signals. Both movement and chewing artifacts were completely eliminated by these techniques.
Animals↗
Aphidicolin inhibits cell growth by accumulation of G2 cells.
In order to clarify in vivo target(s) of aphidicolin, the cell cycle phase at which normal human diploid cells were accumulated with this drug was examined by flow cytofluorometry. More than 80% of the cells moved through S phase and were accumulated at G2 phase at the drug dose under which growth of the cells was completely inhibited but there was no apparent cell death. On the other hand, at the higher dose, cell detachment occurred through the first entry of the cells to early S phase. Apparently, in vivo effects of aphidicolin are much more complicated than simple inhibition of DNA synthesis.
Aphidicolin↗
Amygdaloid neuronal responses to complex visual stimuli in an operant feeding situation in the monkey.
In chronically prepared monkeys, 337 neurons were recorded from the anterolateral amygdala during an operant task that required visual discrimination. Twelve percent (39/337) of the neurons responded to one or more of food or non-food visual stimuli. A subset of these responsive neurons was selectively sensitive to the sight of non-food objects with aversive associations. Simultaneous presentation of a food stimulus with the aversive object inhibited the response of these neurons. These response characteristics could not be explained by simple sensory processing of the visual stimuli. It is suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in the elaboration of motivational behavior by using the complex or associative properties of visual stimuli.
Amygdala↗
Evaluation and clinical significance of circulating immune complexes after renal transplantation.
Using C1q binding, Kg binding, and Raji cell radioimmunoassays, the relationship between renal allograft rejection and the circulating immune complexes was examined in 90 patients with renal transplants. The data showed that there was a significant quantitative correlation between C1q-binding and Raji-cell-binding activities (Rs = 0.53, P less than 0.001), and that both activities were closely associated with the occurrence of chronic rejection (chi 2 = 45.9-34.1, P less than 0.001). On the other hand, Kg-binding activities were not correlated with C1q-binding or Raji-cell-binding activity (Rs = 0.07-0.17, P greater than 0.1) and a close association was observed with acute rejection episodes (chi 2 = 11.5, P less than 0.001). The results of sucrose density gradient analysis were in keeping with previous findings in that the individual assays detect immune complexes of different compositions: the Raji cell test was shown to measure not only immune complexes but also monomeric IgG. Immunofluorescent studies of the transplant kidney specimens showed that the majority of patients in a state of chronic rejection had glomerular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement--in contrast to negative findings in patients without rejection episodes. All these data indicate that several tests for immune complexes are more informative than the single test for monitoring rejection, and suggest that the appearance of circulating immune complexes after renal allografting is related to the rejection phenomenon.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of stem cells of patients with aplastic anaemia.
3 different methods, (1) assays of CFU-Cs and CFU-Es, (2) responsiveness of CFU-Cs and CFU-Es to low doses of CSF and ESF, respectively and (3) effects of ALG on CFU-C colony formation in vitro, were used to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative defects of stem cells in 28 patients with aplastic anaemia. Some patients with aplastic anaemia who had attained complete remission several years previously, exhibited severely depressed in vitro CFU-C colony formation. This suggests that the defect persists for a long time after clinical complete remission. Residual marrow CFU-Cs and CFU-Es did not have defective responses to the humoral stimulating factors, CSF and ESF. No patient showed a rise of colony number after treatment with ALG in vitro.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
Treatment of moyamoya disease by temporal muscle graft 'encephalo-myo-synangiosis'.
10 young patients from 7 to 16 years of age with moyamoya disease were treated by temporal muscle graft (encephalo-myo-synangiosis: EMS) for the purpose of increasing extracranial and intracranial collateral circulation. Ischemic cerebrovascular symptoms and signs were encountered in all of them without intracranial hemorrhage. The patients were observed for 6-26 months after the first operation. Transient ischemic attacks disappeared in 4 out of 7 patients, and improved in frequency and duration in the remaining 3. Paresis of the limbs disappeared in 1 patient and improved in 2. In 2 patients, facial palsy disappeared and dysarthria improved as well. Ataxia disappeared in 2 patients, and involuntary movement of the extremities disappeared in 2. There were no ineffective cases clinically. In postoperative carotid angiography, the middle cerebral arteries were visualized clearly to the peripheral portion mainly via the thickened deep temporal arteries, and the abnormal vascular networks in the region of the basal ganglia reduced in size in most of patients. Improvements in intelligence quotient, electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow were also obtained in several patients, respectively. EMS seemed to be an effective surgical treatment in young patients with moyamoya disease who suffered from cerebral ischemic symptoms.
Adolescent↗
Studies on diabetic cataract in rats induced by streptozotocin. I. Photodocumentation of lens opacification.
The course of development of cataract in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin was followed with photoslit lamp during a 14-week period, and the process of cataract was divided into six stages. Until stage III, two types of lens opacification were distinguished. In lenses called type A, vacuoles spread from the equator of the superficial cortex, while in lenses called type B, a diffuse cloudiness progresses in the deep cortex with little vacuolization. At stage IV, the vacuoles disappeared and type A opacities resemble those of type B. At stage V, opalescent changes became visible near the central part of lens after 6 weeks. At stage VI, the whole lens had become cloudy.
Animals↗
Studies on diabetic cataract in rats induced by streptozotocin. II. Biochemical examinations of rat lenses in relation to cataract stages.
Biochemical examinations of streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataracts in rats were performed and related to different stages of lens opacifications. Sorbitol levels in lenses showed maximum accumulation at stages I-III and began to decrease from stage IV. Glucose levels indicated a relatively constant accumulation, but became higher between stage V and VI. Fructose levels increased less significantly from stage I-IV, and slightly decreased thereafter. Inositol was not detectable from stage I. The sodium-potassium ratio (Na/K) increased slowly from stage I-IV, and rose remarkably at stage V. Hydration of the lenses showed no change between stage I and IV, and after stage V it rose markedly.
Animals↗
Studies on hypolipidemic agents. I. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of nicotinic acid-ethanolamine derivatives.
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Animals↗
Cytofluorometric study of nuclear sulphydryl and disulphide groups during sperm maturation in the mouse.
The amount of nuclear sulphydryl and disulphide groups was determined by cytofluorometry on single mouse spermatozoa from the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis, and the vas deferens. N-(7-Dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl) maleimide was used as a specific and quantitative fluorescent reagent for thiols. The sperm nuclear content of free sulphydryl groups decreased sharply from the caput epididymidis to the vas deferens. The amounts of cysteine residues present as the thiol form in the spermatozoa from the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis and vas deferens were 50, 15, 5 and 3% respectively.
Animals↗
Clinical arrangement of classification of diabetic retinopathy.
A new classification for diabetic retinopathy was presented and modified from Scott's classification which was most commonly used in Japan. Diabetic retinopathy was divided into benign and malignant retinopathy, and the former was named type A and the latter type B. Type A included background retinopathy and the interrupted stage of proliferative retinopathy. Background retinopathy was divided into two groups (AI, and AII). Interrupted proliferative retinopathy was also divided into three groups (AIII, IV, and V). Type B included preproliferative retinopathy, advanced proliferative retinopathy and the final stage of proliferative retinopathy. Preproliferative retinopathy was labeled Stage BI and advanced proliferative retinopathy was divided into two groups (BII and BIII). The final stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was divided into three stages (BIV, BV and VI). This new classification also presents the therapeutic method to be employed at each stage of diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic Retinopathy↗
A clinical study of long-term administration of dextran sulfate (MDS Kowa) in patients with retinopathy.
We administered MDS at a daily dose of 1,800 mg to 25 patients with diabetic retinopathy for periods ranging from 12 to 48 months (mean: 28 months) and achieved the following results: 1) During the administration period total cholesterol, triglyceride and fibrinogen levels were all maintained at significantly lower levels. 2) Eye fundus findings showed an improvement in 38.9% no change in 47. 2% and a deterioration in 13.9% of the cases. 3) No side-effects or abnormalities in clinical findings were observed in any of the cases even though clinical tests of hepatic function, renal function, blood chemistry, and urinalysis were conducted. The above results demonstrate that MDS has a marked effect on diabetic retinopathy, especially in cases with moderate to severe symptoms during the non-proliferative stage.
Adult↗
[Cytofluorometric DNA determination of human brain tumors].
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Adolescent↗
[Clinical application of 40Hz ERP for audiometry].
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Adult↗