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Biomedical subjects

M Fujishima

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujishima.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of recirculation on the recovery of cerebral metabolism after experimental cerebral ischemia in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Lactate, pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in the brain were measured at the end of various periods of cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral carotid occlusion at 1-hour recirculation after the ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rates (SHR). In both male and female SHR, a progressive and consistent increase in lactate and lactate/pyruvate ratio and a concomitant decrease in ATP were observed in the ischemic periods of 1, 3 or 5 h. Changes of these cerebral metabolites in females were two thirds to one half of those in males at corresponding periods of ischemia. At 1 h after recanalization of the occluded carotid arteries, metabolic derangements of the ischemic brain were little recovered in male SHR exposed to only 1-hour ischemia, whereas in female SHR the decreased ATP levels were recovered close to the nonischemic control level even after 7-hour ischemia. Furthermore, the increased lactate in female was attenuated to only one sixth of that in male at 1-hour recirculation after 5-hour ischemia. It is concluded that the recovery of the cerebral ischemic metabolism by reperfusion is better in female than male SHR, probably because of the smaller metabolic changes during the ischemic insult, and the fact that the degree as well as the duration of ischemia seem to be important factors for sufficient recovery from ischemic impairment of the brain.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Intracerebral hemorrhage in a Japanese community, Hisayama: incidence, changing pattern during long-term follow-up, and related factors.

The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage over 13 years is compared between two Hisayama cohorts. Among men aged 40 years or older, the annual incidence declined significantly from 3.1/1,000 in the early cohort (1961-1970) to 1.2/1,000 in the recent cohort (1974-1983). Massive ganglionic hemorrhage decreased, while small or medium-sized intracerebral hemorrhage increased in the recent cohort on pathologic or computed tomographic examination. These trends could be due to the reduced prevalence of hypertension in the Hisayama population. The association of serum total cholesterol with intracerebral hemorrhage is discussed based on the results during a 22-year follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of acute cerebral infarction with a choline precursor in a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study.

A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study of cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) was conducted to evaluate possible clinical benefits of the drug in patients with acute, moderate to severe cerebral infarction. The patients included also suffered from moderate to mild disturbances of consciousness, and all were admitted within 14 days of the ictus. Patients were allocated randomly to treatment with either CDP-choline (1,000 mg/day i.v. once daily for 14 days) or with placebo (physiological saline). One hundred thirty-three patients received CDP-choline treatment, and 139 received placebo. The group treated with CDP-choline showed significant improvements in level of consciousness compared with the placebo-treated group, and CDP-choline was an entirely safe treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Impairment of cerebellar blood flow autoregulation during cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Participation of the autonomic nervous system in cerebellar autoregulation during supratentorial cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral carotid ligation was studied using 23 spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cerebral and cerebellar blood flows measured by a hydrogen clearance method were evaluated under stepwise hemorrhagic hypotension before and 30 minutes after ligation and after a 30-minute recirculation period following 1 hour of ligation. alpha-Adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine, beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, and muscarinic cholinergic blockade with atropine were selectively administered before ligation for inhibition of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. Cerebral blood flow autoregulation was severely impaired during and after cerebral ischemia in each treatment group. During cerebral ischemia, cerebellar blood flow autoregulation was also significantly impaired in both the propranolol and atropine groups although it was better preserved in the phenoxybenzamine group. After recirculation, cerebellar blood flow autoregulation recovered almost to the normal range in the phenoxybenzamine and atropine groups but remained impaired in the propranolol group. Our results suggest that impaired cerebellar blood flow autoregulation in supratentorial cerebral ischemia is partly modulated by the alpha-adrenoceptor system, which is activated by hypertensive stimuli and cerebral ischemia, leading to vasoconstriction in the cerebellum.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Transient encephalopathy related to rapidly and markedly elevated blood pressure in acute stage of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage--relationship to hypertensive encephalopathy--a case report.

A seventy-two-year-old man with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage acutely developed severe headache, nausea, vomiting, agitation, and disorientation with abrupt rise in blood pressure on the sixth day after the onset. At that time, there were no remarkable changes in focal neurologic deficits, and repeated brain CT scans revealed a small hematoma located in the right basal ganglia without further enlargement or herniation. Blood chemistry and arterial gas analysis were within the normal ranges except for a slight rise in blood urea nitrogen. Similar episodes occurred three times within two days, and each time the cerebral symptoms disappeared in accordance with lowering of blood pressure by antihypertensive therapy. Complication of hypertensive encephalopathy was strongly suggested. The authors discuss the pathophysiology of this encephalopathy in relation to cerebral hemorrhage.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid amyloidosis with recurrent subacute thyroiditis-like syndrome.

We studied 2 men with a subacute thyroiditis-like syndrome (STLS) associated with systemic amyloidosis. Both had very tender, diffuse, firm goiters, low thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake values, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Glucocorticoid therapy resulted in dramatic improvement. Compared to 18 patients with subacute thyroiditis, these 2 men had 1) persistence of goiter even in remission, 2) repeated exacerbation of STLS, 3) pain always localized in the same site, and 4) gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiac abnormalities. Histological examination of the patients' thyroid glands revealed amyloid deposition and no evidence of subacute thyroiditis. In addition, 1 man had low T3 thyrotoxicosis with an elevated rT3/T3 ratio, suggesting impaired peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, and immunological and histological evidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These findings suggest that thyroid amyloidosis may be associated with STLS. When patients with clinical features of subacute thyroiditis have an unusual course, the possibility of thyroid amyloidosis should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Reevaluation of the thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake test, with special reference to reversible primary hypothyroidism with elevated thyroid radioiodine uptake.

The clinical significance of the thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test was reevaluated in patients with various thyroid disorders. Compared with 262 normal subjects or 194 patients with euthyroid diffuse goiter with normal serum TSH levels, RAIU values were significantly higher in 100 patients with latent primary hypothyroidism (serum TSH, 5-40 mU/L). In 126 patients with overt primary hypothyroidism (serum TSH, greater than 40 mU/L), RAIU values were either extremely high (49 patients with reversible hypothyroidism and 10 patients with postpartum hypothyroidism) or low (67 patients with irreversible hypothyroidism). The increase in RAIU values in latent, or reversible overt hypothyroidism was TSH dependent, and there was a good correlation between RAIU values and serum TSH levels (r = 0.6203; P less than 0.001). In overt primary hypothyroidism, spontaneous recovery of thyroid function during iodide restriction alone occurred in 52 of 53 patients with RAIU values above 35%, in only 7 of 23 patients with RAIU values between 10-35%, and in none of 50 patients with RAIU below 10%. Thus, recovery was predicted by high RAIU values (P less than 0.001; prediction rate, 91.4%). Goiter was found in about 80% of the patients with reversible hypothyroidism, compared with only 34% of the patients with irreversible hypothyroidism. Recovery of thyroid function during iodide restriction also occurred in 71% of the patients with latent hypothyroidism. However, RAIU measurements did not predict the prognosis of patients with latent hypothyroidism. We conclude that iodine-induced reversible hypothyroidism is common in our patient population, and RAIU measurements may be helpful in determining the prognosis of patients with overt primary hypothyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Central and peripheral mechanisms of the enhanced hypertension following long-term salt loading in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We evaluated whether or not increased sodium (Na) concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and stimulated activities of brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contribute to an enhanced hypertension by salt overload in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Long-term salt loading (1% NaCl solution as drinking fluid) accelerated the development of hypertension in SHR, but did not alter the blood pressure (BP) in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). CSF Na concentration was elevated in uninephrectomized (Nx) group as compared to that in control SHR, while in WKY CSF Na was not influenced by the treatment. A fall in BP by intravenous AVP antagonist or hexamethonium was greater in salt-loaded SHR than in controls. This hypotensive response to the combined blockade of AVP and SNS correlated with CSF Na in SHR but not in WKY. Plasma concentration of AVP and epinephrine tended to increase in relation to the degree of salt loading in SHR but not in WKY. Pressor responses to intracerebroventricular (ICV) angiotensin II (AII) and NaCl were greater in SHR than in WKY, although these responses were not influenced by chronic salt load in either SHR or WKY. The enhanced hypertensive action of ICV NaCl in SHR was abolished by pretreatment with ICV AII antagonist. Chronic saline drinking enhanced the depressor effect of ICV captopril in SHR but not in WKY. These observations suggest that salt overload in SHR may cause an elevated CSF Na concentration and an enhanced activity of brain RAS, which may increase activity of SNS and release of AVP, resulting in an enhanced development of hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Residual B cell function in patients with long-standing NIDDM and its relation to metabolic control and diabetic complications.

We have evaluated the residual pancreatic B cell function by glucagon load test in 28 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of a duration of 20 years or more. The increase in serum C-peptide at 6 minutes after glucagon administration (delta C-peptide) was used as an index of residual B cell function. There was much less delta C-peptide in patients treated with insulin than in those treated with sulfonylurea (p less than 0.05), and it was significantly correlated with the body mass index (r = 0.40, p less than 0.05). Long term metabolic control assessed by the average annual mean fasting blood glucose for the observation period (mean, 21 years) was not correlated with delta C-peptide (r = -0.13). The prevalence of retinopathy which needed photocoagulation therapy and of neuropathy in patients with poor residual B cell function (delta C-peptide less than or equal to 0.3 ng/ml) was the same as that in those with good residual B cell function (delta C-peptide greater than or equal to 1.0 ng/ml). The present study shows that the residual B cell function is not correlated with long term glycemic control and the prevalence of diabetic complications in long-standing NIDDM patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Therapeutic benefits and safety of carvedilol in the treatment of renal hypertension. An open, short term study. Carvedilol Renal Hypertension Study Group in Japan.

Carvedilol, a new beta-blocker with vasodilating activity, was given orally to 9 hypertensive inpatients with impaired renal function in a dosage regimen of 5 to 20mg once daily to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety. Treatment with carvedilol produced a significant decrease in blood pressure from 172/101 to 150/87mm Hg (p less than 0.01), but it did not cause orthostatic hypotension. Heart rate was decreased from 74.3 to 72.8 beats/min, but the decrease was not statistically significant. Serum creatinine and BUN levels were unchanged and other laboratory parameters were within normal limits. There were no side effects in any of the patients during the trial. These results suggest that carvedilol is a useful and safe drug for the treatment of renal hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

Regional cerebral blood flow in chronic stroke patients with dementia.

Cerebral atrophy and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) were examined in 52 chronic stroke patients with dementia, pre-dementia or non-dementia (according to the Dementia Scale). The index of cerebral atrophy was estimated on computed tomography, and CBF was determined using 133Xe inhalation method. Cerebral atrophy indices were not significantly different among various degrees of dementia except a slightly increased cella media index in pre-dementia group. Average values for CBF were bilaterally reduced in dementia, being 28.5 +/- 4.4 for affected hemisphere and 31.0 +/- 3.2 ml/100g/min for non-affected one. Compared with those, CBF were higher in pre-dementia (37.3 +/- 8.7 and 39.4 +/- 8.2 ml/100 g/min, p less than 0.05 vs dementia, respectively) and more higher in non-dementia (45.8 +/- 10.2 and 48.5 +/- 10.4 ml/100 g/min, p less than 0.01 vs pre-dementia, respectively). Of 11 recurrent stroke patients, 5 with newly developed dementia after the second attack presented the preceding CBF reduction 10 to 34 months prior to the recurrence. Present results suggest that bilateral reduction of CBF may be the primarily important factor for the initiation or development of vascular dementia, and the CBF reduction seems to precede the symptom of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Mechanisms of pressor responses to intracisternal administration of hypertonic NaCl in conscious, unrestrained normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We evaluated the mechanisms of pressor responses to hypertonic NaCl administered intracisternally (IC) to conscious normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Both mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) increased immediately after IC NaCl (1.5mol/l, 60 microliters/kg), but MAP returned rapidly to the basal level. Pressor and tachycardic actions at the early phase were mostly abolished by either hexamethonium or phentolamine with the blockade of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and slightly diminished by the V1-vasopressin blocker. In contrast, at the following phase pressor responses were not suppressed by combined or solitary blockade of SNS, vasopressin and angiotensin II (AII). The pressor effects of IC NaCl were slightly greater in SHR than in WKY. It is concluded that the early-phase increases in MAP by hypertonic NaCl administered IC to conscious SHR and WKY may be attributed mainly to the increased activity of SNS and partly to the increased release of AVP, although the late- phase pressor responses may result from some pressor factor(s), unrelated to SNS, AVP and AII.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Vasopressin and sympathetic nervous functions both contribute to development and maintenance of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats.

We evaluated the time course of changes in the relative contribution of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. Intravenous administrations of an AVP antagonist (d(CH2)5Tyr(Me) AVP; AVPA) and hexamethonium (C6) were given at 3 and 7 days, and 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of treatment with DOCA-salt to conscious and unrestrained rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher and heart rate (HR) tended to be rapid in the rats on DOCA-salt treatment for over 1 week, compared with those of the control groups. The hypotensive effect of AVPA in the DOCA-salt treated rats was gradually enhanced with the development of hypertension and was significantly greater than in the control rats, at all stages of hypertension, including the prehypertensive phase. The depressor response to intravenous C6 following AVPA also resulted in a gradual enhancement, with time, after DOCA treatment. This decrease in MAP was greater at the hypertensive stage than that in the control rats, although the response was not significantly different among three groups on the 3rd treatment day. It was concluded that the pressor systems AVP and SNS may contribute to the initiation and development as well as maintenance of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Bone marrow scintigraphy with 111In-chloride--a clinical value for the hematological diseases].

Bone marrow scintigraphy with indium chloride (111In) was performed in fifty-one patients with the hematological diseases. The results of the investigation were that 1. in all patients, as well as in patients with aplastic anemia, no correlation was there between the degree of the indium chloride accumulation and peripheral blood counts, 2. in patients with aplastic anemia and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) a tendency to reduction in uptake of indium chloride in bone marrow, 3. in patients with these two good correlation between the degree of indium chloride accumulation and histology of the erythroid bone marrow, but in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and atypical leukemia no correlation between the two, so it seemed unlikely that indium chloride should reflect the effective production of erythrocytes, 4. four patients with leukemia were studied with indium chloride bone marrow imaging two times to evaluate their responses to chemotherapy, and peripheral expansion was no change or reduced in two patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and one patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who obtained complete remission, but on the other hand, it enlarged in one patient with acute myelocytic leukemia who obtained partial remission, and 5. in two patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia it enlarged up to the ankle joints, which was considerably specific.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Gastroduodenal lesions after transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

We investigated the incidence and endoscopic features of gastroduodenal lesions which appeared after transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), performed 29 times in 25 patients with inoperative hepatocellular carcinoma. The new development or exacerbation of the gastroduodenal lesions after TACE was evident in 13 of the 29 (45%). The side of the lesions ranged from the gastric body to the second portion of the duodenum, and the lesions that developed were multiple ulcers in four, and multiple erosions with white coat in nine. The development of these gastroduodenal lesions may be due to mucosal ischemia caused by embolic materials, the toxic effect of antineoplastic drugs infuse, or to stress. In light of these events, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy should be added to the usual examinations done for patients undergoing TACE.

Adult↗