Biomedical subjects

M Fujishima

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujishima.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Mortality and histological findings of the brain during and after cerebral ischemia in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Mortality and pathological changes of the brain during and after cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCO) were studied in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Systolic arterial blood pressure at rest was significantly higher in male SHR (228 +/- 13 mm Hg, mean +/- S.E.M.) than female (192 +/- 12) (P less than 0.05). The average survival time during permanent occlusion was 11 +/- 6 h (mean +/- S.D.) in male SHR and 17 +/- 7 in female (P less than 0.005), though the cumulative mortality during 24-h ischemia was not different between male (88%) and female SHR (84%). Severe ischemic changes of nerve cells in the brain, especially in the cortex and hippocampus, were observed in 50% of male SHR at 3-h ischemia, while only 15% was observed in female SHR even after 7-h ischemia. After the temporary ischemia followed by reperfusion for 24 h, the mortality was varied between male and female SHR; 0, 31 and 100% after 1-, 3- and 5-h ischemia, respectively, in male SHR and 0% after 1- to 3-h ischemia and 33% after 5- to 7-h ischemia, respectively, in female. Ischemic changes of the brain tissue, such as acidophilic cytoplasm, nuclear degeneration and intercellular edema, were more frequent and severe in male SHR than female after recirculation following 3- or 5-h ischemia. It is concluded that the mortality and post-ischemic viability seem to be determined by the duration of ischemia and also by the degree of the neuronal damage, and female SHR is more tolerated for ischemic insult in comparison to male SHR.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Massive striatal dopamine release in acute cerebral ischemia in rats.

Extracellular dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and cerebral blood flow were simultaneously determined using in vivo brain dialysis and a hydrogen clearance method in the striatum of spontaneously hypertensive rats during ischemia and after recirculation. Massive striatal dopamine release was demonstrated in acutely induced ischemic brain.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗

PubMed1988

Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis in a thyroidectomized patient with metastatic thyroid carcinoma.

An unusual case of iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis is documented in this article. The patient was a 64-year-old euthyroid man with acromegaly. He also had multiple follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas with a metastatic lesion in the lumbar vertebrae. After a total thyroidectomy, he became slightly hypothyroid, and the lumbar lesion began to incorporate 131I by scintigraphy. When an iodine-containing contrast medium happened to be injected, a transient increase of serum thyroid hormone level was observed. After complete thyroid ablation with 83 mCi of 131I, the oral administration of 100 mg of potassium iodide for 7 days induced a prominent increase of serum thyroid hormone level. These findings indicated that the metastatic thyroid carcinoma could produce excess thyroid hormone insofar as a sufficient amount of iodide was given. Although this is the first report of such a case, iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis may not be rare in patients with thyroid carcinomas because the Wolff-Chaikoff effect is thought to be lost, and the organic iodinating activity and lysosomal protease activity are well-preserved.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1988

Natural history of gastric adenomas in patients with familial adenomatosis coli/Gardner's syndrome.

The natural history of gastric adenomas was studied in 26 patients with familial adenomatosis coli (FAC)/Gardner's syndrome. The patients were followed for an average of 6.8 years (1 year, 5 months to 15 years 4 months) and examined repeatedly using gastric radiography, endoscopy, and biopsy. Gastric adenomas were present in 13 (50%). During the follow-up period, there was a new appearance of gastric adenomas in six patients but no distinct change in number, size, and histologic features in the remaining seven patients. In a 51-year-old man, an antral adenoma that measured 13 mm in diameter and had an irregular central depression did not change in size or morphology during 4 years and 1 month, but malignant change was evident at the time of endoscopic biopsy. The findings indicate that in patients with this disease, gastric adenomas require careful repeated follow-up examinations using endoscopic biopsy and, if feasible, endoscopic removal is recommended.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1988

Early development of nephropathy in a new model of spontaneously hypertensive rat with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We designed the present study to clarify whether the development of nephropathy was accelerated by a combination of hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Spontaneously hypertensive rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin treatment (25.0-75.0 mg/kg) were separated into severely or mildly diabetic groups according to their non-fasting plasma glucose levels at 12 weeks of age and the findings were compared with the data on a control group treated with citrate buffer alone. The natural courses of urinary excretion rate of total protein, the molecular composition by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with laser densitometer and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were measured in the three groups from 12 weeks until 36 weeks of age. Total urinary protein in the control group decreased with age (p less than 0.05), while in the mildly diabetic group changes were nil; in the severely diabetic group, however, the excretion rates of total urinary protein and high molecular weight protein consistently and progressively increased with age (p less than 0.05). The low molecular weight protein continuously decreased with age in the mildly diabetic and control groups (p less than 0.05), while in the severely diabetic group there was no decrease after 28 weeks of age. The urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase markedly increased (p less than 0.05) in the severely diabetic group throughout the period compared with findings in the control group, but drastically decreased (p less than 0.05) in the mildly diabetic group with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Long-term follow-up of 2529 patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer: survival rate and causes of death.

We investigated 2529 patients with peptic ulcer diagnosed from 1963 to 1975 to determine the prognosis relative to life span and causes of death. During the follow-up period of 9-23 yr, 486 patients (19.2%) died, 2025 (80.1%) were alive, and the fate of 18 (0.7%) was unknown. No significant differences were found between these numbers and the numbers expected from the sex- and age-matched general population at 1-20 yr after the initial diagnosis for patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, or both gastric and duodenal ulcer, or for all ulcer groups combined. The survival rate for the surgically treated patients did not differ from the expected survival rate. The number of deaths from peptic ulcer (observed/expected = 18/5.47) was statistically high and the number from cerebrovascular disease was significantly low. Our results show that for patients with a peptic ulcer, the prognosis relative to life span is as good as that of the general population and surgery has little influence on the prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Lack of increase in concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid sodium in rats with various stages of DOCA-salt hypertension.

Experiments were conducted in conscious rats to determine whether DOCA-salt treatment could cause an elevation of sodium concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which may be responsible for the enhanced activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and increased secretion of vasopressin (AVP). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were gradually but consistently increased by DOCA-salt treatment. Serum Na concentration was similarly increased with time by DOCA-salt, and significantly higher than control in the 4th treatment week. In contrast, DOCA-salt did not alter the CSF Na levels at any time during treatment. A relationship between SBP and CSF Na was never evident at any stage of the DOCA-salt hypertension. The decrease in MAP following administration of the vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (30 micrograms/kg), or hexamethonium (30 mg/kg) was enhanced in the DOCA-treated rats, as compared to findings in the controls. These hypotensive effects were gradually, but progressively enhanced with the development of hypertension by DOCA-salt treatment. We tentatively conclude that mechanisms accounting for the enhanced activity of SNS and AVP in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats are independent of an increased Na concentration in the CSF.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics of a new angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (delapril) in patients with deteriorated kidney function and in normal control subjects.

Pharmacokinetic properties of a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, delapril (CV-3317), which converts to two active metabolites (M-1 and M-2) and one inactive metabolite (M-3) after oral administration, were investigated in six subjects with normal, 10 subjects with slight (SRF), and six subjects with markedly (MRF) deteriorated kidney function. The elimination half-life of M-1 was prolonged significantly in subjects with MRF and that of M-3 was also prolonged in subjects with SRF or MRF. The peak plasma drug concentration, time to reach peak concentration (tmax), and AUC were significantly larger in subjects with SRF and MRF than in normal subjects, except for Tmax in subjects with SRF. In M-2 and unchanged delapril, no difference was observed. The 24-hour cumulative urinary excretion of those metabolites was significantly lower in subjects with MRF than in normal subjects. Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, suppressed at 4 hours in all subjects, remained significantly low in patients with MRF at 24 hours. Blood pressure was reduced more in subjects with chronic renal failure. It was concluded that delapril is excreted mainly through the kidney and its pharmacodynamics and biologic effects are affected by the renal dysfunction.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1988

Lack of increase in sodium concentration of cerebrospinal fluid in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

The purpose of the present study is to determine whether DOCA-salt treatment could cause an elevation of Na concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which may increase blood pressure (BP) as a result of enhanced activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and vasopressin (AVP). Blood pressure was gradually increased by DOCA-salt treatment. Serum NA was also elevated with time by DOCA-salt, and significantly higher in DOCA rats on the 4th treatment week, as compared with controls. By contrast, DOCA-salt did not alter CSF Na at any time of treatment. No relationship was detected between BP and CSF Na at any stage of DOCA-salt hypertension. The precent fall in BP by AVP antagonist or hexamethonium was always greater in DOCA-treated rats than that in the controls. These hypotensive effects were gradually, but consistently enhanced with the development of hypertension in DOCA rats. It is concluded that the enhanced activity of both SNS and AVP system responsible for DOCA-salt hypertension may be attributed to the mechanism(s) unrelated to the increased CSF Na concentration.

18-Hydroxycorticosterone↗

PubMed1988

Prevalence and long-term prognosis of mild hypertensives and hypertensives in a Japanese community, Hisayama.

The prognosis and outcome for mild hypertensives (90 mmHg less than or equal to diastolic pressure less than or equal to 104 mmHg) and hypertensives (diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 105 mmHg) was prospectively studied in Hisayama, Japan, and compared between 1621 subjects aged 40 years or over, recruited in 1961, and 2053 subjects recruited in 1974. Each cohort was studied in a follow-up which lasted 10 years. The pharmacological treatment of hypertension proved effective among residents recruited in 1974: the survival rate had favorably improved, and the rates of mortality from cerebral stroke and morbidity from intracerebral stroke and morbidity from intracerebral hemorrhage declined significantly in mild hypertensives and hypertensives in the more recently recruited population. The management of mild hypertension was considered more likely to be effective in reducing stroke than in reducing coronary heart disease in the Japanese general population.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Clinical alterations in normotensive offspring with parental hypertension.

The influence of a family history of hypertension on body mass index, serum lipids, uric acid, blood sugar and haematocrit was investigated in 579 young normotensives aged 19-35 years with or without a parental history of hypertension. Body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid were significantly higher in offspring with a parental history of hypertension than in those without. There were no differences in blood sugar and haematocrit between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that a parental history of hypertension influenced levels of body mass index, triglycerides and uric acid, independently of the level of blood pressure.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Ageing suppresses endothelium-dependent relaxation and generates contraction mediated by the muscarinic receptors in vascular smooth muscle of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We evaluated the effects of ageing and hypertension on endothelium-dependent relaxation and contraction of vascular smooth muscles. Aortic rings with and without endothelium from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), divided into young, adult and old groups, were examined for relaxation in response to acetylcholine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sodium nitroprusside. Relaxation responses to acetylcholine and ATP in SHR were either equal to or greater than those in WKY. Relaxations induced by ATP were not altered by ageing, while the degree of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations was in an inverse order of age in both SHR and WKY. In old SHR and WKY and adult SHR, lower doses of acetylcholine caused relaxations, but increases in the dose of acetylcholine induced contraction. Acetylcholine-induced contractions were abolished by indomethacin or endothelium rubbing. We conclude that endothelium-dependent relaxations are not diminished by spontaneous hypertension but the relaxations mediated by the muscarinic receptors are reduced with ageing. Further, acetylcholine causes endothelium-dependent contractions by releasing cyclo-oxygenase products, not only in SHR but also in aged normotensive WKY.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1988

TSH dependent elevation of serum thyroglobulin in reversible primary hypothyroidism.

Serum levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured using immunoradiometric assay in 18 patients with primary hypothyroidism, whose serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were higher than 40 mU/l and anti-Tg antibodies were negative. In 12 patients, serum Tg levels were extremely elevated above the upper limit of normal (30 ng/ml) and the levels were more than 800 ng/ml in 10 of them. In all of these 12 patients, thyroid function recovered spontaneously with only iodide restriction and the serum Tg levels declined concomitantly with the decrease in serum TSH concentrations, events suggesting the TSH dependency of this Tg elevation. In the other 6 patients without elevated Tg levels, thyroid function did not recover and replacement therapy with L-thyroxine had to be given. Data from our study show that the TSH dependent Tg secretion is observed in reversible type primary hypothyroidism and that it may proceed vigorously even though thyroid hormone production is subnormal. Measurement of serum Tg may be valuable for predicting the prognosis of primary hypothyroidism.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Villous tumor of the colon: correlation of histologic, macroscopic, and radiographic features.

Forty-six patients with villous or tubulovillous tumors of the colon were examined to study the correlation between histologic and macroscopic or radiographic features and to define more accurately villous tumors of the colon. There was good correlation between the histologic and macroscopic or radiographic features. As villous elements became more prominent on histologic studies, the macroscopic appearance was more villous and granular but less nodular on the surface. Reticular and/or granular patterns with a feathery margin were more frequently seen on radiographs in cases of dominant villous elements. The macroscopic and radiographic characteristics of villous tumor frequently appeared when villous elements composed over 75% of the whole tumor on histologic studies. The authors propose that villous tumor of the colon can be accurately diagnosed when villous elements compose over 75% of the tumor.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1988

Does 1 alpha(OH)D3 treatment affect blood pressure levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients?

Forty-eight chronic hemodialysis patients were divided comparably into two groups (24 patients in each). Two micrograms of 1 alpha(OH)D3 was administered to one group for 3 months and its placebo to the other group. In the 1 alpha(OH)D3-treated group, serum total calcium increased from 7.82 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SEM) to 9.70 +/- 0.27 mg/dl (p less than 0.001) which was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than control values of 8.86 +/- 0.06 mg/dl from normal volunteers. Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, however, did not change significantly throughout the study. Even in the 9 patients who had a substantial increment of serum calcium of more than 2 mg/dl with hypercalcemia (greater than 10 mg/dl) at 3 months, no significant changes in blood pressure were found. Serum iPTH decreased from 2.83 +/- 0.28 to 0.98 +/- 0.23 ng/ml (p less than 0.001) at 3 months of treatment. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was obtained between the changes in serum calcium and iPTH. In the placebo group there were no significant changes in serum calcium, iPTH and blood pressure during the 3-month treatment period. The present study indicates that a substantial increase in serum calcium or a chronic hypercalcemia induced by 1 alpha(OH)D3 treatment in maintenance hemodialysis patients does not accompany a rise in blood pressure, probably due to a concomitant suppression of PTH. The results also suggest that the hypocalcemic state found in hemodialysis patients is not associated with any significant change in blood pressure. The importance of PTH in blood pressure regulation was discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Importance of early initiation of dietary protein restriction for the prevention of experimental progressive renal disease.

The effect of dietary protein restriction on the progress of renal dysfunction was investigated in rats with adriamycin (ADR)-induced progressive glomerular disease. Dietary protein was reduced from 20% (normal diet) to 5% (low protein) immediately after (ADR-0w), 8 weeks (ADR-8w) or 16 weeks (ADR-16w) after the repeated injection of ADR. In the unrestricted (ADR-UR) group rats were fed 20% of protein throughout the 24-week experiment. Massive urinary protein developed immediately after ADR injection and significantly decreased by reducing dietary protein in all the groups (ADR-0w, ADR-8w, ADR-16w). However, plasma protein and serum albumin were low irrespective of the improvement of urinary protein. BUN and serum creatinine were unchanged in ADR-0w and ADR-8w groups, while they were increased in ADR-16w and ADR-UR groups. Glomerular sclerosis and tubular atrophy were much less severe in ADR-0w and ADR-8w than in ADR-16w and ADR-UR groups. The results indicate that dietary protein restriction checks the further progress of renal dysfunction. The importance of the time when protein intake should be reduced is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

High incidence of glomerular sclerosis in rats subjected to uninephrectomy at young age.

To examine the effect of age on a compensatory renal growth, adaptive renal hemodynamics and renal histology in solitary kidney, unilateral nephrectomy was performed in young rats at 4 weeks of age (group 4-UN) or in adult rats at 10 weeks of age (group 10-UN). Urinary protein was measured every 4 weeks until the 48th week. Serial changes in kidney weight, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and renal histology were investigated at weeks 4, 8, 24 and 48 after the uninephrectomy. Increase in proteinuria was significantly greater in group 4-Un than in group 10-UN from weeks 32-48 after uninephrectomy. The remnant kidney showed a compensatory enlargement which was more marked in group 4-UN than in group 10-UN at weeks 24 and 48. GFR or RPF in group 4-UN was significantly greater than that in group 10-UN at weeks 4, 8, and 24. Focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis was evident at week 24 or later in the uninephrectomized rats, being more severe in group 4-UN than in group 10-UN at week 48. We conclude that uninephrectomy in young rats leads to augmented compensatory renal growth and glomerular hyperperfusion, resulting in extensive glomerular sclerosis compared to that in adult rats.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1988

Beneficial effect of aluminum hydroxide on progress of adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats.

To investigate the effect of phosphate binder on adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy, serial changes in renal histology and renal hemodynamics were compared between ADR rats treated with aluminum hydroxide (ADR-AH group) and those without AH (ADR group) for 24 weeks. Urinary protein excretion was less marked in the ADR-AH group than in the ADR group. Serum creatinine in the ADR group increased progressively from week 20, while in the ADR-AH group the increase was less. There were no significant differences in glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow between the both groups until week 12 but these parameters decreased to the significantly lower levels at week 24 in the ADR group. Vacuolative degeneration in glomerular epithelium, which was determined as an initial renal lesion, was more marked in the ADR group compared to the ADR-AH group. Glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial changes developed progressively in the ADR group at the later stages. These changes were lessened in the ADR-AH group. In conclusion, AH prevents the progress in ADR-induced nephropathy. The beneficial effects appeared as the preservation of glomerular epithelial cells.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗