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Biomedical subjects

M Fujishima

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujishima.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Aluminium hydroxide prevents progression in experimental focal glomerular sclerosis.

To investigate the effect of phosphate binding on the progress of chronic renal disease, aluminium hydroxide was administered to rats with focal glomerular sclerosis experimentally induced by adriamycin over a period of 28 weeks (group ADR-AH). The clinical data were examined every 4 weeks and the renal histology at week 28 were compared to those in adriamycin-injected rats without aluminium hydroxide treatment (group ADR). Urinary protein excretion was less marked in group ADR-AH than in group ADR at weeks 8 and 12. Serum creatinine in group ADR started to increase at week 20 and continued to rise until week 28, while in group ADR-AH it increased less, the difference being significant. Serum phosphate was lower in group ADR-AH than in group ADR at weeks 8, 12, 24, and 28. Focal glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial changes were observed in both adriamycin-injected groups regardless of aluminium hydroxide treatment at week 28, although these changes were much less severe in group ADR-AH. There were no differences in body weight and serum albumin between the two groups. We conclude that aluminium hydroxide could prevent the renal deterioration in focal glomerular sclerosis induced by adriamycin without affecting the nutritional state.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1988

An evaluation of serum ferritin determination in chronic hemodialysis patients with persistent low serum iron concentration.

Low serum iron concentration is not rare in chronic hemodialysis patients. Therefore it is important to differentiate true iron deficiency from reactive low serum iron concentration. We have evaluated the utility of determining serum ferritin concentration to differentiate iron deficiency in chronic hemodialysis patients with persistent low serum iron concentration. Parenteral iron therapy (40 mg/week, group 1, n = 12) for 3 months caused a 3.0% increase in hematocrit level compared to a group 2 (n = 12; p less than 0.05). Serum ferritin concentration in logarithmic scale was significantly correlated with serum iron concentration (r = 0.671; p less than 0.05). The change in hematocrit level was significantly correlated with that in serum iron concentration (r = 0.648; p less than 0.05), but not with the change in serum ferritin concentration. Persistent low serum iron concentration may be an indication for iron supplement even though the serum ferritin concentrations are in the normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Endoscopic diagnosis of lymphangioma of the small intestine.

In three patients with lymphangioma of the small intestine, the preoperative diagnosis of lymphangioma was made by endoscopy with biopsy and radiology. A typical endoscopic finding was an elevated polypoid tumor, yellowish-white to tan. The surface was smooth, often with white specks, and could be impressed by touching lightly with biopsy forceps. Endoscopic examination revealed satellite lesions not detected radiologically. Lymphangioma has heretofore been successfully diagnosed preoperatively by endoscopy in the duodenum. This report of accurate preoperative diagnoses of lymphangioma in the small intestine, other than the duodenum, using endoscopy, may be the first to be documented.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Hydrogen breath test assessment of orocecal transit time: comparison with barium meal study.

Orocecal transit time was measured simultaneously by the hydrogen breath test and a barium meal study in 12 hospitalized patients, the objective being to determine whether the former test accurately represents the orocecal transit time, and to establish an adequate criterion for the transit time, based on the former test. Two definitions of orocecal transit time by the hydrogen breath test were evaluated: the time from lactulose ingestion to a sustained increase of over 5 ppm above fasting levels in the end-expiratory hydrogen concentration (definition A) and the interval to that of over 10 ppm (definition B). The orocecal transit time measured by the radiologic method was 63 +/- 9 min (mean +/- SEM), whereas that using definition A of the hydrogen breath test was 74 +/- 9 min, and that using definition B was 87 +/- 10 min. Transit times determined by both definitions closely correlated with that obtained by the radiologic method (A, r = 0.86, p less than 0.01; B, r = 0.81, p less than 0.01). Therefore, elevation of end-expiratory hydrogen concentrations seemed to coincide with cecal appearance of the head of the lactulose load. When the mean transit times were compared with findings in case of the radiologic method, definition A rather than B appeared to be more appropriate to determine orocecal transit time.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Importance of bilateral sympathetic innervation on cerebral blood flow autoregulation in the thalamus.

Effects of bilateral sympathetic innervation on the regulation of cerebral blood flow to the thalamus were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The superior cervical ganglion was removed on one side or bilaterally, and blood flow in the thalamus was repeatedly measured with a hydrogen clearance technique during a stepwise increase in arterial pressure. Regional blood flow in the thalamus was unchanged following acute ganglionectomy: 55 +/- 6 ml/100 g/min in the intact rats and 56 +/- 4 in the denervated rats. Sympathectomy on one side neither had effects on the pressure-flow relationship nor on the blood pressure levels of upper limits of autoregulation in the ipsilateral thalamus. In contrast, bilateral sympathetic denervation impaired the autoregulatory function in the thalamus and the upper limits were significantly lower than those in intact rats: 206 +/- 8 vs 226 +/- 10 mm Hg, respectively (P less than 0.02). It is concluded that overlapping innervation of sympathetic nerves has an important role in regulation of blood flow to the thalamus during an acute rise in arterial pressure in SHR.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1987

Carbon dioxide reactivity of cerebral cortical and pial arteries in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats--a morphometric study.

The responsiveness of cerebral arteries to the changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension (paCO2) was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive rats (NTRs). A freeze substitution method was applied for the preparation of pial and cortical arteries for morphometrical study. Hypercapnia was induced by giving 8% CO2, and hypocapnia was provided by hyperventilation. The ratios of internal (d) to external diameter (D) (d/D ratio) of both pial and cortical arteries in SHR were not different from those in NTRs during normocapnia. In hypercapnia, the ratios of pial and larger cortical arteries (D greater than or equal to 20 micron) in SHRs were 80.9 +/- 0.8% and 78.6 +/- 0.6%, respectively, being significantly smaller than 86.2 +/- 0.7% and 82.2 +/- 0.5% in NTR. In contrast, the d/D ratio of pial arteries in hypocapnia was 72.5 +/- 1.4% in SHRs, which was significantly larger than 67.5 +/- 1.4% in NTRs. The responsiveness of smaller cortical arteries (D less than 20 micron) to paCO2 was not different between SHRs and NTRs. The present results suggest that in SHRs cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity is decreased as compared to NTRs, especially in pial and larger cortical arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Interaction of calmodulin with troponin I and the troponin-tropomyosin-actin complex. Effect of Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions.

In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of calmodulin regulation of muscle contraction, we investigated the interaction between calmodulin and troponin components in the presence of Ca2+ or Sr2+ by the use of ultracentrifugation methods and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Skeletal-muscle troponin C bound to troponin I and dissociated it from the tropomyosin-actin complex in the presence of Ca2+ or Sr2+. When troponin T was absent, calmodulin bound to troponin I and dissociated it from the tropomyosin-actin complex in the presence of Ca2+ or Sr2+. When troponin T was present, calmodulin hardly bound to troponin I even in the presence of bivalent cations. Trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, inhibited the bivalent-cation-dependent interaction between calmodulin and troponin I. Calmodulin migrated more slowly in the presence of Sr2+ than it did in the presence of EGTA but faster than it did in the presence of Ca2+ on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. It is concluded that troponin T is not required in the calmodulin regulation of muscle contraction because troponin T inhibits the bivalent-cation-dependent interaction between calmodulin and troponin I and because calmodulin binds to troponin I and dissociates it from the tropomyosin-actin complex in a bivalent-cation-dependent manner. Sr2+-induced exposure of the hydrophobic region enables calmodulin to bind to troponin I, as is the case with Ca2+.

Actins↗
PubMed1987

Acquired pseudoobstruction of the colon due to segmental hypoganglionosis.

A case of acquired pseudoobstruction of the colon due to segmental hypoganglionosis is reported. The patient became constipated during pregnancy and obstructive symptoms followed. Radiologically, the diseased segment was spastic and the proximal colon was extremely dilated. Microscopically, the involved segment showed marked diminution in the number of intramural ganglion cells and those present showed degenerative changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin treatment in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats.

The development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) induced by neonatal streptozotocin (STZ) treatment was compared between male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The animals were intraperitoneally given 37.5, 50.0, 62.5, or 75.0 mg/kg of STZ at two days of age. At two days after STZ injection, plasma glucose was elevated in both groups of rats according to the dose of STZ, but the level was higher in SHR than in corresponding WKY. At ten days of age, plasma glucose in WKY returned to the similar level to that in vehicle-treated control irrespective of the doses of STZ, while in SHR it remained above control and its level was significantly higher than that in WKY. At 12 weeks of age, plasma glucose was within the control range in WKY, while in SHR it was markedly and dose-dependently elevated. The present study indicates that SHR are susceptible to NIDDM induced by neonatal STZ treatment. The difference in response to STZ between SHR and WKY was discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Thyroid function in "yusho" patients exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).

Thyroid function was investigated in 123 yusho patients who were exposed to toxic levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 16 years ago. In yusho patients, compared with the patients without evidence of yusho or normal controls, the serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly higher, while thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels measured by sensitive assay were normal. There was no difference in serum levels of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) between the two groups and the prevalence of positive antithyroid autoantibodies was almost the same, suggesting that hyperthyroxinemia in yusho patients was not due to increased TBG binding or abnormal autoimmune mechanism. Serum free T4 levels, however, were not elevated, although T4/TBG ratio was significantly higher. The thyroid hormone levels were higher than normal value in 4 of 123 yusho patients but only 1 case had clinical symptoms such as excessive perspiration. Despite higher serum PCBs in yusho patients, there was no correlation between PCB levels and levels of T3, T4, or TSH. The present results suggest hyperthyroxinemia without obvious clinical symptoms in yusho patients long after exposure to PCBs.

Adult↗