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Biomedical subjects

M Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to M Friedman.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chordomas: diagnosis and management.

Six patients with chordomas, five in the sacral and one in the craniocervical region, are reported along with review of the literature. Two of the patients treated with radiation for macroscopic tumor had palliation of their symptoms and an apparent prolongation of survival. Two other patients with sacral chordomas had resection of the gross tumor and radiation due to inadequate proximal margins. They both remain free of recurrence at 2.5 and 5 years, respectively, suggesting the potential usefulness of combination of modalities in the management of these tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Appraisal of aspiration cytology in management of Hodgkin's disease.

The value of aspiration cytology in the management of Hodgkin's disease is shown in this study of 228 patients and 403 aspirations; 385 from lymph nodes and 18 from extranodal masses. In all patients the initial diagnosis was established on surgical biopsy. Aspirates were helpful in staging, defining extension of unusual radiation fields, and in recognizing residual disease and relapses after therapy. Adequate material was obtained in 80% of aspirations. The diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease could not be established in the adequate cytologic sample in 9.9% of cases. In 5.5%, the diagnosis was that of benign reactive hyperplasia and in 4.4%, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Unsatisfactory material was usually obtained from nodes less than 1 cm in diameter or from residual lesions following radiation or chemotherapy. Only 14 of 93 such lesions proved to have active disease during follow up. There were no significant complications. Characteristics of the varied aspects of aspirated tumor cells found in Hodgkin's disease are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Radiotherapy of primary, locally circumscribed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach (author's transl)].

Different methods of treatment were compared in 24 patients with primary, locally circumscribed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach. Prognosis was significantly better (P less than 0.01) for patients who had received radiotherapy as part of their primary treatment, than those who had received only surgical treatment. Two of ten patients whose tumour had been resected and who had received postoperative radiotherapy had a recurrence after 5 and 14 years, respectively, and four patients who had received radiotherapy alone for a non-resectable tumour are free of recurrence. On the other hand, a recurrence occurred in six of ten patients treated by surgery alone. The results indicate that radiotherapy is the most important method in the primary treatment of locally circumscribed gastric lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Mutagenicity tests of fabric-finishing agents in Salmonella typhimurium: fiber-reactive wool dyes and cotton flame retardants.

Thirty-nine fabric-finishing agents were tested for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium. Twenty-four fiber-reactive wool dyes and three acid dyes (not fiber-reactive) were screened by spot tests in strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, and TA1537. Among these dyes, seven bromoacrylamide dyes and one vinyl sulfone dye were mutagenic. Additionally, one of the three acid dyes was mutagenic in spot tests. The mutagenicity of the acid dye was due to an impurity or breakdown product rather than to the dye itself; the origin of the activities of the other dyes is unknown. No mutagenicity was observed among five chlorotriazine or four sulfonyl-ethane sulfonic acid dyes. Eight phosphorus-containing flame retardants (phosphonium, phosphine, phosphine oxide, and phosphonic acid derivatives) and methyl-N-methylolcarbamate, which is employed to obtain a flame-retardant finish on cotton, were tested for mutagenicity in strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, and TA1537, using quantitative incorporation assays. All were nonmutagenic. Two of three bromoalkyl-substituted triazine flame retardants were mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA1535. It is unknown whether this activity is due to impurities or to the parent compound. The flame retardants tested were either in actual commercial use or in experimental development for potential commercial processes. These results indicate the need for early testing of potential fabric-finishing agents and processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Intrauterine rupture of the umbilical cord during delivery.

Two cases of bleeding from ruptured umbilical vein during delivery are reported. In one case the rupture was spontaneous, leading to fetal distress. In the second case the rupture was probably iatrogenic, and was caused by forceps delivery. Bleeding from ruptured umbilical vessel should be considered when a combination of variable decelerations during fetal heart rate monitoring, blood-stained amniotic fluid and fetal distress are detected during delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical use of the radioreceptor assay for neuroleptics.

The potential clinical utility of the radioreceptor assay for neuroleptics (NRRA) was examined. The NRRA was able to detect neuroleptic activity in blood specimens from patients receiving a variety of neuroleptic medications. For each medication, mean plasma neuroleptic activity was lower in patients showing a poor response to treatment than in those showing a good response. Because the range of plasma neuroleptic activities found was quite different from drug to drug, it appears that results obtained by the NRRA must be standarized for each drug.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of rebreathing measurements of pulmonary tissue volume in pulmonary edema.

A rebreathing method (usood volume (VTPC) was evaluated in 13 dogs. In seven, pulmonary edema was induced by oleic acid injection. Six dogs served as controls. Values of VTPC calculated by three algorithms were compared to postmortem lung water. The first algorithm uses the C18O intercept to determine time 0 and all data to construct the alveolar disappearance curves. The second uses the beginning of inspiration as time 0. The last uses data only during the last third of expiration. The best correlation (r = 0.90) between VTPC and total lung water was obtained utilizing the first algorithm. In the control animals, mean VTPC was 188 ml, and in the edema dogs was 278 ml. Mean VTPC for all dogs was 96 +/- 14% of total lung water using the first algorithm. Another algorithm (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 44: 782-795, 1978) was evaluated inthe edema dog group. This method gave values of VTPC 53% higher than those obtained by the first algorithm.

Acetylene↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of two bronchofiberscopic methods of culturing the lower respiratory tract.

We evaluated 2 methods of obtaining lower respiratory tract secretions in 46 patients. One method used an open-end brush-in-catheter system, and the other used a plugged telescoping double-catheter-overbrush device. After passing a bronchofiberscope transnasally into the trachea, one or the other system was advanced under direct vision into the tracheal lumen and the brush advanced without touching the tracheal wall. The brush was removed and its tip cultured. Using the brush-in-catheter system, 83% (19/23) of brush cultures were positive and similar to simultaneously obtained nasopharyngeal cultures. The brush tip from the plugged telescoping double-catheter device was sterile in 100% of the subjects (10/10). Thus, open-end brush-in-catheter systems are not suitable for use in culturing the lower airways because of contamination within the inner channel of the bronchofiberscope from upper airway secretions. The recently introduced plugged telescoping brush system appears suitable for this purpose.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1980

Fluoride prolonged release preparations for topical use.

A new delayed F-released preparation for topical use was developed. The sustained F-release was achieved by embedding NaF in ethyl cellulose and silicone polymer, both known to be nontoxic and insoluble in saliva. Chewing gum and orthodontic plates were used as delivery systems. The release of F from these preparations was found to be controlled by a diffusion mechanism and dependent on solubility, concentration of F, and effective surface area. The availability of a prolonged release of F, at a level between 0.06--0.5 mg/d has been demonstrated.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1980

Thyroid carcinoma.

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma was studied with regard to mode of presentation, initial findings, treatment and survival. The classic signs, symptoms, physical and scan findings were found to be present in approximately 70% of the patients. Thirty percent of the patients had either unusual presentations or findings. Prognosis was found to be dependent on age of presentation more than any other factor. The effects of neck metastasis, extracapsular invasion and recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement on long-term survival are studied in detail. patients with prior exposure to radiation were found to have more extensive disease and require more extensive surgery but ultimately had the same prognosis for 15-year cure. Treatment for distant metastatic disease by surgery, radioactive iodine and external radiation all resulted in long-term survival in certain cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Suppressive therapy for postirradiation thyroid nodules.

From the thyroid screening program at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York, 85 patients with thyroid nodules who had received previous irradiation to the head and neck were identified. The diagnosis was confirmed microscopically by needle aspiration cytology and the patients were treated with thyroid replacement therapy. In 24 patients, the nodules disappeared completely; a partial response (more than 50% reduction in size) was seen in 26; 11 patients were improved (20% to 50% reduction in size); 14 had stable disease (less than 20% reduction in nodule size) and in 10 the condition progressed (an increase of more than 20% in nodule size). Six of 21 patients who underwent operation had well differentiated tumours. The number of cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (14) was high. Suppressive therapy will separate those patients whose nodules will disappear completely and who will thus be spared operation. Continued follow-up of such patients is essential. All other patients should be offered operation since thyroid nodules are malignant in 30% of cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Thyroid cancer is not a common cancer and consists of a variety of tumors with different biological characteristics. Diagnosis and therapeutic approaches differ considerably, depending on which subgroup the tumor belongs to. Differentiated carcinomas, which constitute the bulk of thyroid carcinoma, often retain the features of the thyroid gland, which can be taken advantage of in their management. The prognosis of these patients is usually excellent. Undifferentiated carcinoma, in contrast, is an aggressive tumor and usually is fatal within a year from the diagnosis. Therefore, an aggressive therapeutic approach is required. Transformation of differentiated carcinoma to undifferentiated carcinoma does occur, although infrequently. The importance of proper management of patients with differentiated carcinoma is obvious. Medullary carcinoma, which originates from the parafollicular cells, has various interesting biological characteristics and is a medium-grade malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Disparity of radioiodine and radiothallium concentrations in chronic thyroiditis.

Three cases of chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) presented with thyroid nodules, showed disparate uptakes of radioiodine and radiothallium. All patients were clinically euthyroid and had positive antithyroid antibody titers. On cytological and/or pathological examinations, they were consistent with chronic thyroiditis.

Adult↗