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Biomedical subjects

M Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to M Eriksson.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Hydrogen concentration in expired air analyzed with a new hydrogen sensor, plasma glucose rise, and symptoms of lactose intolerance after oral administration of 100 gram lactose.

A rapid breath hydrogen analyzer to detect lactose malabsorption is described. After ingestion of a lactose solution the patient expires into a mouthpiece attached to a hydrogen sensor at 30-min intervals for 3 1/2 h. The hydrogen of the expired air causes a voltage change that can be transformed into ppm from a calibration curve. A tolerance test with a load of 100 g lactose was performed in 43 consecutive patients with various gastrointestinal disturbances, referred to the laboratory for the commonly used lactose tolerance test based on plasma glucose measurements. Eleven patients developed symptoms of lactose intolerance during the test. Biopsy specimens from the distal duodenum or proximal jejunum showed partial villous atrophy in one, in whom celiac disease with lactose intolerance was diagnosed; the other 10 had normal specimens. In nine of them lactose intolerance was diagnosed and confirmed by observation for months on a lactose-poor diet. The 10th patient (H.P.L.) did not improve on such a diet. He also showed pronounced symptoms of intolerance during a test with monosaccharides (glucose + galactose). His intestinal disease remained undiagnosed. The 11 patients with symptoms of intolerance and 3 patients without symptoms during the lactose load showed a flat plasma glucose curve after drinking the lactose solution--that is, a maximum rise of the glucose concentration of 1.5 mmol/l. One of the symptom-free patients dropped out and could not be observed, another did not improve on a lactose-poor diet, and the third noticed a favorable effect of the diet on stool consistency but not on other abdominal symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Determination of (R)- and (S)-disopyramide in human plasma using a chiral alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column.

The direct resolution and quantitation of (R)- and (S)-disopyramide, isolated from human plasma, was accomplished using a chiral alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column. A LiChrosorb RP-2 column (50 X 3.0 mm I.D.) was used as a precolumn. Phosphate buffer, pH 6.20, containing 2-propanol and N,N-dimethyloctylamine was used as mobile phase. The precision of the determination of (R)- and (S)-disopyramide in human plasma, expressed as the relative standard deviation, was 1.8% and 3.3% for (R)- and (S)-disopyramide, respectively, at a drug level of 0.5 micrograms/ml. In two subjects who received a single capsule of racemic disopyramide (150 mg), the plasma levels of the (R) isomer were about half those of the (S) isomer. The half-lives of (R)- and (S)-disopyramide were similar.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1984

Serum levels of digoxin in sudden cardiac deaths.

Digoxin was determined in postmortem serum samples from 100 patients who died suddenly of cardiac disease. Twenty patients had digoxin levels below the therapeutic range. Twenty-one patients had normal values within the therapeutic range (1.2-2.5 nmol/l). In ten cases there was probably an overdosage. Another 15 patients had markedly elevated levels. No digoxin concentration was found (below 0.5 nmol/l) in 34 patients. The importance of determination of digoxin levels both by the clinician and the pathologist is stressed as well as the necessity of using a correct sampling technique at autopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase by mexiletine and related compounds.

The in vitro inhibition by mexiletine and related compounds of the activity of rat brain, heart and lung monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), rat brain MAO-B, human platelet-poor plasma benzylamine oxidase and a clorgyline-resistant, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) distinct from both MAO and benzylamine oxidase has been studied. The compounds were most active towards MAO-A and SSAO. IC50 values for mexiletine towards rat heart MAO-A and SSAO were 10 mumol/l and 320 mumol/l, respectively. Replacement of the para-hydrogen atom in the mexiletine aromatic ring by bromine increased potency towards both MAO-A and SSAO. Replacement of the ortho-methyl group in the mexiletine aromatic ring by hydrogen increased the potency towards SSAO alone. FLA 1042, with both these substitutions, was found to be a reversible mixed-type inhibitor of both MAO-A (Kislopei 1.4 mumol/l, Kiinti 24 mumol/l) and of SSAO (Kislopei 12 mumol/l, Kiinti 6 mumol/l).

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1984

Stereoselective inhibition of monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase by 4-dimethylamino-2,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine (FLA 336).

The in vitro inhibition by amiflamine [FLA 336(+)] and related compounds of the activity of rat monoamine oxidase (MAO) -A and -B, rat semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and human platelet poor plasma benzylamine oxidase was studied. Amiflamine was an MAO-A selective inhibitor, but also inhibits SSAO with both a reversible (competitive, Ki = 200 mumol/l) and a small time-dependent component which was irreversible in nature. The optical isomer FLA 336(-) was ten times less potent towards MAO-A. However, this compound was much more potent an inhibitor of SSAO (competitive, Ki = 4.6 mumol/l). The amiflamine metabolites FLA 788(+) and FLA 668(+) inhibited SSAO, but only at concentrations considerably higher than required for MAO-A inhibition. Ex vivo experiments indicated that there was no significant irreversible inhibition of rat heart and lung SSAO after both single and repeated administration of amiflamine at doses up to 20 times higher than required for inhibition of MAO-A within central serotoninergic neurones.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1984

Pregnancy outcome and social indicators in Sweden.

Perinatal mortality, birth weight, the distribution of gestational age, and the relationship between gestational age and birth weight have been studied with regard to births reported to the Register of Births during 1976-77. In order to determine the influence of socio-economic factors on the parameters studied, the information from the birth register has been combined with that from the 1975 census in Sweden (including occupation of the mother, income of the family, type of family and housing standard). The total population of 190 024 infants was divided into three groups; 6915 infants (3.6%) were assigned to the most privileged group (group I) and 26 430 (13.9%) to the less privileged group (group III). The perinatal mortality rate did not differ significantly between group I and III. A comparison of the three groups showed a socio-economic difference as regards birth weight and the incidence of preterm as well as of postterm births. The less privileged group has a greater proportion of infants of low birth weight and of infants that were small for gestational age.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1984

The incidence of congenital malformations in various socioeconomic groups in Sweden.

The incidence of congenital malformations reported to the Register of Births during 1976-77 in various socioeconomic groups were studied combining the informations from the birth register with that from the 1975 census (including occupation of the mother, income of the family, type of family and housing standard). The total population of 190 024 infants were divided into three groups; 6915 infants (3.6%) were assigned to the most privileged group (group I) and 26 430 (13.9%) to the less privileged group (group III). The total incidence of 5.01% of any malformation did not differ significantly between the groups. Neither was any variation found for specific malformation types, such as neural tube defects, cleft palate or morbus Down.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1984

Influence of suckling and feeding on insulin, gastrin, somatostatin and VIP levels in peripheral venous blood of lactating sows.

Blood samples were collected in peripheral venous blood of seven lactating sows, when their piglets were suckling. In four of the experiments samples were also taken when the sows were fed a meal. Gastrin, insulin, somatostatin and VIP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Insulin levels increased by approximately 100% for about 10 min in response to suckling, in some experiments even before the suckling occurred, i.e. when the sows saw, heard and smelled their piglets. In four of the sows suckling caused a biphasic twofold increase in gastrin levels - one immediate peak which lasted for a few min and a second peak of longer duration (about 30-60 min), whereas gastrin levels remained unchanged in three animals. Somatostatin levels usually reflected gastrin levels in a reciprocal way. Thus, a biphasic decrease of somatostatin levels occurred in the high gastrin responders. In contrast, somatostatin levels increased in the experiments, in which gastrin levels did not change. Immediate and short-lasting (a few minutes long) increases of VIP levels were also induced by suckling. Large litters and long suckling periods appeared to be related to greater changes of the levels of all the peptides measured. Feeding influenced insulin, gastrin and somatostatin levels in the same way as did suckling from both a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. In contrast, VIP levels were not increased by feeding. The possible functional effects of the suckling-induced release of gastrointestinal hormones and possible mechanisms of their release are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of pathogenic bacteria from the nasopharynx of children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Predictive value of chest roentgen examination and laboratory tests.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 33/66 hospitalized infants and children with verified respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The value of chest roentgenograms and blood counts for the prediction of concomitant bacterial infection was evaluated. Abnormal chest roentgenograms were found in 89% whether pathogenic bacteria were present or not. The most common finding was general hyperinflation of the lungs, with or without infiltrates. This occurred more frequently in the group with isolated RSV infection. Fever, leucocytosis and an elevated ESR were found during the illness in more than half the cases. These findings were more frequent in children who harboured potential pathogenic bacteria, though the difference was not significant. For optimal evaluation of a case all available information about it should be taken into consideration.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1984

The ovary of the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, during late pregnancy and lactation.

Female wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, were killed on day 18 of pregnancy (P 18) and on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 of lactation (L 0, L 3, L 6, L 9, L 12, L 15, and L 18 respectively), and the ovaries were studied. The weight of the ovaries was recorded at dissection. The corpora lutea and the follicles of the right ovary were counted and measured, and the appearance of the interstitial tissue was noted. A decline in weight from day P 18 to day L 6 coincided with a decrease in mean diameter of the corpora lutea. The mean number of corpora lutea did, however, not change over the period. The corpora lutea present throughout lactation were probably from the gestation period; the females did not appear to ovulate post-partum. The interstitial tissue was not affected, as far as could be judged with light microscopy. Ovulatory follicles were only present at times close to expected ovulation; on days P 18 and L 18. A lactational anoestrous is suggested for the wood mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of gonadotrophin on the ovary of Apodemus flavicollis in winter anoestrus.

Wild-caught female Apodemus flavicollis were given daily subcutaneous injections of PMSG + HCG on two consecutive days (2xPMSG + HCG), HCG on two days (2 X HCG), PMSG + HCG until their vagina became perforate (Perforate), and PMSG + HCG until they became perforate and were left undisturbed for another five days (Perforate + 5). Untreated females served as controls. The ovaries and uteri increased in weight as a result of the treatment. The number of healthy follicles increased in "perforate" females and decreased in "2 X HCG". Luteinization of the follicles and possibly of the interstitial tissue was seen in "2 X HCG". In this group, the mean diameter of the corpora lutea increased, and it decreased in "perforate" and "perforate + 5". The mean number of corpora lutea was unaffected by the treatment. The activity of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) was strong in the corpora lutea of the untreated females and remained so throughout treatment. The interstitial tissue of the untreated females showed only weak 3 beta HSD activity, but the activity was strong in all the experimental groups. One female ovulated, but it is not clear if it was in response to treatment.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗