Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to M Eriksson.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The development and standardization of an ELISA for ovalbumin determination in influenza vaccines.

A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of ovalbumin in influenza vaccines has been developed and standardized. Commercially available reagents were used. ELISA was compared to single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) and immunoelectro-osmophoresis (IEOP) techniques. The detection limit by ELISA was 0.5 ng/ml. This method was found to be at least 1000 times more sensitive than SRD and at least 200 times more sensitive than IEOP. It was concluded that ELISA is a specific, sensitive and reproducible method for the determination of the small amounts of ovalbumin found as an impurity in unconcentrated influenza vaccines.

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis↗
PubMed1986

Combined treatment with cholestyramine and nicotinic acid in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: effects on biliary lipid composition.

In ten patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, combination therapy with cholestyramine and nicotinic acid was instituted for a minimum of 2 months. During therapy, plasma low-density lipoprotein levels were reduced by 32%, and low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratios by 40%. The cholesterol saturation of fasting gall-bladder bile was reduced by 33% during treatment. We conclude that long-term combination therapy with cholestyramine and nicotinic acid is practically feasible in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, normalizes plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in many patients, and does not result in unwanted side-effects on biliary lipids. It should therefore be considered as the therapy of choice in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Influence of pregnancy and child-rearing on amphetamine-addicted women. Five-year follow-up after delivery.

A group of 69 amphetamine-addicted women who all abused during part of or the whole pregnancy have been followed since the birth of the index child born in 1976 or 1977. Seventeen of the mothers gave up drug abuse in early pregnancy. Ten of these succeeded to stay off drugs and excessive alcohol, while six relapsed into drug abuse. In addition, three women have been off drugs since delivery and 12 for at least 1-3 years. Twelve of the 25 mothers who were drug-free at the end of the period had retained the custody of their children, while 11 mothers who were drug-free at the end of the period had their children placed in foster homes. In contrast to this, 16 drug-using mothers were still caring for their children. A criminal record and a story of psychiatric in-patient care was common, especially among the mothers who had lost custody of their children. On the other hand, mothers who had retained custody more often lived with a drug-free man and had regular employment.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1986

Oral absorption of flucloxacillin in infants and young children.

The bioavailability of flucloxacillin (Heracillin) following oral administration was determined in infants and children. After a dose of 12.5 mg/kg, peak concentrations were achieved at 60 min. which declined rapidly and were low in older children only 4 hours afterwards. Infants below 6 months of age showed a better absorption when given the mixture than older children. Older children achieved higher plasma concentrations when given tablets than when given equal doses of the mixture. There was no difference in the concentration when the dose was given to the subject when fasting, or with breakfast.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

IgG and IgM antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination in splenectomized children and in children who had non-operative management of splenic rupture.

The IgG and IgM type specific anticapsular pneumococcal antibody titres were studied with ELISA during one year following vaccination with a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in four different patient groups: 41 children splenectomized after a traumatic rupture, 16 splenectomized because of disease, 15 non-surgically managed after splenic rupture, and 19 healthy controls. Serum samples were obtained before vaccination and after 14, 60, 180, and 360 days. The IgG antibody responses were equally good in all of the patient groups, while the IgM antibody responses were less pronounced in the splenectomized. In the non-surgically managed patients, the IgM antibody titres after vaccination, as well as antibody responses per se, were significantly higher for all 12 pneumococcal types studied than in the patients who were splenectomized. Both the IgG and the IgM antibody titres were highest at 14 days after vaccination. However, while the IgG titres for most pneumococcal types remained elevated at 360 days, the IgM titres soon fell to prevaccination levels. The antibody response was less good for the types 3 and 6 A. The results indicate that the IgG antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination is unaffected in splenectomized individuals, but the IgM antibody response is decreased. In patients with a healed traumatically damaged spleen, both the IgG and IgM responses seem to be normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Antiarrhythmic effect of amperozide, a novel psychotropic compound with class III antiarrhythmic properties, on digoxin-induced arrhythmias in the guinea-pig.

Amperozide is a novel psychotropic compound with specific effect in limbic brain areas. Preliminary findings have also indicated an antiarrhythmic effect in-vitro. Injections of saline, amperozide, melperone, thioridazine, bretylium or lignocaine, were given i.p. to anaesthetized guinea-pigs, which 10 min later were given digoxin s.c. to induce arrhythmia. In a series of control experiments none of these compounds caused arrhythmia in combination with the vehicle of digoxin. The time to arrhythmia was significantly prolonged after treatment with amperozide, melperone and bretylium compared with saline, but there were no differences between the treatments. The digoxin concentrations in plasma at death varied considerably within the groups and no statistical significance was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Imipenem/cilastatin versus gentamicin/clindamycin: a cost effectiveness study.

A previously published clinical trial was used for analysis of costs for antibiotic treatment in patients with serious bacterial infections requiring the use of injectable broad spectrum antibiotics. The patients were randomized to receive imipenem/cilastatin 500/500 mg q6h (77 patients of which 56 were evaluable for efficacy) or clindamycin 600 mg q6h plus gentamicin 1.5 mg/kg with dose intervals determined by serum concentration monitoring (86 patients of which 62 were evaluable for efficacy). An analysis of the costs for antibiotics, including drugs, equipment and staff for administration and gentamicin serum concentration assays, showed that imipenem/cilastatin was not more expensive than gentamicin plus clindamycin per treatment day although the drug cost was considerably higher for imipenem/cilastatin. Since imipenem/cilastatin was significantly more effective and caused less frequent adverse reactions than gentamicin plus clindamycin it was more cost-effective in the patients studied.

Cilastatin↗
PubMed1985

Simultaneous determination of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Pyrimethamine was extracted as a base, and sulphadoxine simultaneous as an ion pair with tetrabutyl-ammonium into methylene chloride. After re-extraction into an acidic aqueous phase separation of the drugs was performed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography using Nucleosil C-18 as the support and acetonitrile-phosphate buffer pH 5.5 (28 + 72) as the mobile phase with tetrabutyl-ammonium as counter ion. Photometric detection at 240 nm was used for both substances. The within-day precision of the method was 5 to 10% for pyrimethamine within 50 to 1000 nmol/l (13 to 250 ng/ml) and for sulphadoxine 3 to 6% within 50 to 1000 mumol/l (16 to 310 micrograms/ml) in plasma. The method is suitable for simultaneous determination of plasma levels of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine after therapeutic doses of Fansidar.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1985

Changes in the incidence and spectrum of neonatal septicemia during a fifteen-year period.

Over a period of 15 years the incidence of neonatal septicemia seen at St Göran's Children's Hospital has increased both per 1000 births and per 100 admitted neonates. The spectrum of causative organisms has changed towards more Gram-positive organisms and fewer Gram-negative organisms. In the initial antibiotic treatment an aminoglycoside and ampicillin derivate will still be needed to give full coverage.

Citrobacter↗
PubMed1985

Pre-school children of amphetamine-addicted mothers. I. Somatic and psychomotor development.

Sixty-five children whose mothers took amphetamine during pregnancy have been followed prospectively since birth. At 4 years of age their somatic growth and general health did not differ from that of another unselected Swedish population of the same age examined at the Child Health Centre. Developmental screening by the Terman Merrill method showed that the group as a whole had a significantly lower IQ (103) than a sampled Swedish group (110). The psychological assessment of the child's adaptation and emotional wellbeing showed that there were more disturbed children or "problem children" in the group that had lived partly or all the time with a mother who was still addicted to drugs.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1985

Pre-school children of amphetamine-addicted mothers. II. Environment and supportive social welfare.

Sixty-five children, whose 63 mothers took amphetamine during pregnancy, were followed prospectively with regard to their environmental conditions, during their first four years of life. Nine of the 16 mothers, who gave up drug-taking in early pregnancy, were able to remain drug-free until their children reached four years of age. All but three of the remaining 47 mothers have continued to be addicts. Twenty-two of 52 children (42%), who had initially been left in the care of their mothers, were placed in foster-homes at four years of age. The decision to take the child into custody was often based on several negative factors, as determined by the social worker, such as a continuing addiction, unsatisfactory social conditions (12/22), and neglect (6/22). In many cases the decision was made following the failure of different noncompulsory supportive measures.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1985

Plasma levels of oxytocin increase in response to suckling and feeding in dogs and sows.

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether oxytocin is released in response to feeding in analogy to the response induced by suckling. Therefore, repeated plasma samples were drawn from dogs and pigs during feeding and suckling and oxytocin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. As expected suckling gave rise to immediate and short-lasting increases of oxytocin levels in both species. More surprisingly, feeding in female and male dogs as well as in lactating sows was accompanied by a similar-sized rise of oxytocin levels. The oxytocin peak sometimes occurred before the actual period of suckling or feeding, suggesting that the output of oxytocin had been conditioned to visual, olfactory or auditory stimuli associated with both types of situations. It is well known that oxytocin is released in lactating animals in response to touching of the teats. It is possible that also the presence of food in the gastro-intestinal tract activates neurogenic mechanisms which stimulates the release of oxytocin. Since oxytocin causes a release of insulin and VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide), peptides which appear in the circulation following both suckling and feeding, it is suggested that oxytocin may be involved in the control of the suckling- and feeding-related output of these peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

L-carnitine and haemodialysis: double blind study on muscle function and metabolism and peripheral nerve function.

Twenty-eight haemodialysis patients were randomized to L-carnitine, 2 g i.v. three times a week, and saline over a 6-week period. No obvious deficiency of carnitine was found in vastus lateralis with a median value of 12.9 mmol/kg dry weight; range 6.2-21.4. Female patients had lower total plasma carnitine compared to female controls, p less than 0.002, whereas no decrease was found in males. No relationship was found between muscle and total plasma carnitine. After carnitine administration the muscle carnitine level increased about 60%, p less than 0.01, and the total plasma carnitine level more than tenfold, whereas the initially high degree of acylation decreased, p less than 0.02. Maximum dynamic muscular strength was reduced with a mean value of 44% compared with healthy controls. Total metabolic activity of isolated skeletal muscle fibres, measured as heat production with a new technique using a perfusion microcalorimeter, showed a median value of 0.40 mW/g, 25% lower than normal, p less than 0.02. Carnitine administration had no effect on several different tests of muscular function. Neurophysiologically, discrete improvements in the temperature responses were recorded, but no changes in sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities or in vibration thresholds were noted. No symptomatic improvement was observed even in patients with the lowest carnitine levels prior to treatment. Our data do not support the hypothesis that carnitine deficiency contributes to muscle and nerve dysfunction in patients on chronic haemodialysis.

Adult↗