[Chemical pneumonia after accidental intake of ignition fluid].
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
M Eriksson
Publications and source records attributed to M Eriksson.
Chloramphenicol pharmacokinetics in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status.
The pharmacokinetics of i.v. chloramphenicol succinate and oral chloramphenicol palmitate were studied in Ethiopian children with different nutritional states. In children with kwashiorkor the plasma clearance of chloramphenicol was significantly lower than in children of normal weight (4.16 ml/min/kg versus 7.53 ml/min/kg). In consequence the mean half-life was prolonged (3.76 h versus 2.85 h) and this led to somewhat higher plasma levels in the kwashiorkor children. The influence of the pathophysiological changes offset one another so that plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range were obtained in children with kwashiorkor given recommended standard i.v. doses. The absorption of chloramphenicol after oral administration in severely malnourished children was erratic, which suggests that this route should be avoided in such patients.
Administration, Oral↗
Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status.
The pharmacokinetics of theophylline in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status was studied. In 8 children of normal weight, the t1/2 beta (4.93 h) plasma clearance (1.22 ml/min/kg and Vd area (504 ml/kg) were similar to those of Swedish children of normal weight. In children with marasmus or kwashiorkor there was an increased volume of distribution. The increase in Vd was reflected in an increased biological half-life, in spite of a slight but not significant increase in clearance in both of these groups of children. The pharmacokinetic changes in clearance and volume of distribution found in malnutrition should counteract each other, so from a clinical point of view theophylline can be given to Ethiopian children according to the standard dosage recommendation, regardless of nutritional status.
Child↗
The influence of the sweetening agent on the oral absorption of penicillin V.
Plasma concentrations of Penicillin V were determined following oral administration in children of mixtures containing different sugars as sweetening agents. Significantly higher peak plasma concentrations and area under the curve were found with sacharose than with sorbitol. Mixtures containing fructose gave intermediate values.
Administration, Oral↗
Neonatal septicemia.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in young hospitalized children. Identification of risk patients and prevention of nosocomial spread by rapid diagnosis.
Detection of RSV by immunofluorescence was used for rapid confirmation of the diagnosis in 89 infants during an epidemic. This made it possible to plan the care of the patients and use the personnel in an optimal way in order to maintain nosocomial infection at a low level. Somatic and environmental risk factors connected with serious disease were also identified. The course of the disease was more severe in children with chronic illnesses or those who had had perinatal complications. Allergy was more frequently reported by these families. Breast feeding for at least two months was practised in most families.
Child, Hospitalized↗
Severe neonatal asphyxia. Incidence and prediction of outcome in the Stockholm area.
In Sweden during the 1970's the incidence of severe asphyxia (an Apgar score of 3 or less at 5 min) has decreased significantly from 3.22 to 2.56 per 1000 infants. A follow-up study was undertaken concerning 116 infants (40 preterm, 76 full-term) admitted to St. Göran's Children's Hospital during a 7-year period (1973-79). The mortality rate was 48% in preterm and 21% in full-term infants. Significant sequelae were present in 27% of the surviving full-term and 14% of the preterm infants. The three severely-handicapped preterm infants had other serious diseases as well whereas this applied to only one full-term infant. The predictors of sequelae included perinatal complications, late onset of spontaneous ventilation (greater than 20 min) and postnatal symptoms, such as seizures. Only two of 9 infants with regular breathing after 20 min and three of 16 infants with seizures were considered normal at follow-up.
Apgar Score↗
Release of gastrin and insulin in response to suckling in lactating dogs.
The concentration of gastrin and insulin was determined in peripheral blood of 4 lactating dogs during suckling. Suckling induced an immediate rise of gastrin and insulin levels, twofold and threefold, respectively. A peak was reached at approximately 5 min after suckling was started, and basal levels were reached again within 15-20 min. The increase in gastrin and insulin levels coincided with the let-down reflex, i.e. it occurred when the puppies started to obtain milk from their mothers. Sham feeding and feeding induce a vagally mediated increase of gastrin and insulin release in dogs. We suggest that the changes in the gastrin and insulin levels observed by us in the lactating dogs, reflect a similar vagal activation induced by suckling. Possible effects of the suckling induced release of gastrin and insulin on milk ejection and secretion are discussed.
Animals↗
Effect of protein depletion and intrauterine growth retardation on rat hepatic drug metabolism.
The effect of intrauterine malnutrition in rats on in vivo and in vitro drug metabolism at weaning was investigated. We have employed two experimental designs to produce intrauterine malnutrition, maternal dietary protein depletion starting at day 7 of gestation and unilateral ligation of the uterine artery on day 17 of gestation. At birth cross-fostering of newborns was done, experimental and control group of litters raised separately until weaning (21 days of age). Both methods produced offspring with lower body and liver weights and these changes were present at weaning. However, only in the protein-restricted group were significant differences for liver:body weight ratio and hepatic microsomal protein content observed. Liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents were significantly decreased in small animals from mothers with intrauterine vessels ligated but not in the prenatal protein-restricted group. A significant increase in aminopyrine N-demethylase and a decrease in aniline hydroxylase enzyme activities was observed in both experimental groups. No significant differences were found in reductive or conjugative pathways of drug metabolism. Hexobarbital sleeping time was significantly increased in weanling animals from the prenatal protein-restricted mothers but not in the uterine-vessels-ligated group. These results suggest that maternal malnutrition may play an important role in modulation of postnatal drug metabolism pattern of progeny.
Animals↗
Angiotensin converting enzyme dependent and non-dependent effects of a fibrinogen-derived pentapeptide on microvascular permeability in rat skin.
A permeability-increasing pentapeptide, termed peptide 6A, derived from plasmin-degraded human fibrinogen and known to potentiate the increase in microvascular permeability caused by bradykinin was investigated concerning its angiotensin converting enzyme (A.C.E.) related effects. When applied to a rat skin model together with a specific inhibitor of this enzyme, peptide 6A showed a potentiated effect after 30 min. but not after 5 min. The same was also true for bradykinin. These findings suggest that the degradation rate of these peptides is decreased with resulting prolongation of the period of leakage, when the action of A.C.E. is opposed. It is deduced that peptide 6A may act as a partial antagonist of this enzyme in the rat skin model. Addition of peptide 6A to a mixture of bradykinin together with inhibitors of the enzymes degrading bradykinin before application to the rat skin, significantly augmented the extravasation of 125I-albumin. These findings are consistent with data indicating that peptide 6A is a prostacyclin-releaser able to induce vasodilation. This effect of peptide 6A on the microcirculation seems to be separate from its angiotensin converting enzyme-related effects.
Animals↗
Enhancement of the permeability-increasing effect of bradykinin and substance P by a peptide derived from fibrinogen.
Two low molecular weight fibrin(ogen) degradation products, 6A (Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys) and 6D (Ser-Gln-Leu-Gln-Lys-Val-Pro-Pro-Glu-Trp-Lys) that are known to increase vascular permeability were injected together with bradykinin, substance P, neurotensin, histamine or tuftsin into the dorsal skin of rats. Effects on microvascular permeability were evaluated as leakage of intravenously injected 125I-labelled human serum albumin to tissues. It was found that peptide 6A potentiated the leakage caused by bradykinin and also, to a minor extent, that caused by substance P over a 30 min period, but not of any other substance. Peptide 6D increased bradykinin-induced leakage to a lower degree than did peptide 6A. Thus, it is shown that products resulting from fibrinolysis exert a selective effect upon the action of bradykinin and of substance P.
Animals↗
Fibrin-derived vasoactive peptides release histamine.
Two fibrin-derived peptides. Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys and Ser-Gln-Leu-Gln-Lys-Val-Pro-Pro-Glu-Trp-Lys, increase microvascular permeability in rat skin. In the present investigation it is shown that they release histamine from rat mast cells and that their effect on microvascular permeability can be inhibited by previous histamine depletion of the skin or treatment with an antihistamine, the H1-blocker mepyramine maleate. It is concluded that histamine release contributes to the permeability-increasing effect of these peptides as well as of the structurally similar peptides bradykinin, substance P and neurotensin.
Animals↗
Evidence for a lack of regulatory importance of the 12 alpha-hydroxylase in formation of bile acids in man: an in vivo study.
The possibility that the 12 alpha-hydroxylase involved in formation of bile acids is of regulatory importance for the ratio between cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in bile was studied with an in vivo technique. [4-14C]7 alpha-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and [6 beta-3H]7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one were synthesized, and a mixture of these two bile acid intermediates was administered intravenously in five healthy subjects and in one patient with severe liver cirrhosis. The patient with liver cirrhosis was included in the study because of a considerable reduction in biosynthesis of cholic acid. Since the [4-14C]-labeled steroid is an intermediate just proximal to and since the [6 beta-3H]-labeled steroid is an intermediate just distal to the 12 alpha-hydroxylase step, the 3H/14C ratio in the cholic acid formed should reflect the relative 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity. The 3H/14C ratio varied between 1.8 and 3.9 in the cholic acid isolated from the healthy subjects and was 3.6 in the cholic acid isolated from the patient with liver cirrhosis. The ratio between cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid varied between 0.6 and 3.9 in the bile from the control subjects and was only 0.4 in the bile from patients with liver cirrhosis. There was no correlation between the 3H/14C ratios and the ratios between cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in bile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Asbestos exposure and malignant lymphoma.
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Asbestos↗
[Posttraumatic gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfrigens].
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Adult↗
[Profile: Maj Eriksson, health care administrator. Interview by Jan Thomasson].
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Administrative Personnel↗
The effect of D,L-carnitine supplementation on muscle metabolism, neuropathy, cardiac and hepatic function in hemodialysis patients. A pilot study.
Three patients on regular hemodialysis treatment were perorally supplemented with D.L-carnitine, 900 mg/d, during four weeks. Before treatment, muscle carnitine concentrations were low and the patients showed signs of hypometabolism in skeletal muscle, cardiomyopathy, impaired hepatic function and a moderate hyperlipoproteinemia. After treatment, the skeletal muscle metabolism normalized. The results further indicate improvement of the cardiac and hepatic function and of the neuropathy on the sensory side. No improvement was found, however, in plasma lipoprotein pattern or in variables reflecting plasma lipid transport (lipoprotein lipase activity and intravenous fat tolerance).
Adult↗
Remission by chemotherapy of the Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome in a patient with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
A 70-year-old man developed symptoms compatible with the Eaton-Lambert syndrome, and a small cell bronchogenic carcinoma was diagnosed. During treatment with cytostatics his muscular strength was restored and the lung tumour as well as the electrophysiologic findings characteristic of the Eaton-Lambert syndrome disappeared. To our knowledge, it has not been reported before that chemotherapy alone of a small cell bronchogenic carcinoma has resulted in clinical, roentgenologic, and electrophysiologic remission of the Eaton-Lambert syndrome.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗