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Biomedical subjects

M Boysen

Publications and source records attributed to M Boysen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A serum immune factor in detection of an occupational group with increased risk for lung and nose cancer.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that workers in the nickel refinery industry have an increased risk for respiratory tract carcinoma. In the present study, serum from 51 workers at a Norwegian nickel refinery have been tested against lung, nasal and breast carcinoma antigens in the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition test. The breast cancer antigen was used as a non-specific antigen. The frequency of positive response against the lung carcinoma antigen was significantly higher among the refinery workers (21/51) than in the controls (3/17) (P = 0.07). Moreover, among workers employed for 10 years or more, the response was higher than found for workers with shorter employment. Of the nickel workers with nasal dysplasia, 56% (15/27) gave a positive reaction against the lung carcinoma antigen compared to 25% (6/24) of the workers without dysplasia (P = 0.03). The same trends were also found for the nasal carcinoma antigen. The study gives further support for the usefulness of the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition test in identification of individuals with an increased risk for developing cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Karyometry of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium by morphometry and stereology. 1. A general model for automated image analysis of epithelia.

Nuclear enlargement, usually due to the existence of abnormally high DNA (ploidy) values, is one of the alterations most often encountered in pathological epithelia, especially in cancerous and precancerous states. Direct DNA measurements on microscopic sections are impossible, and karyometric studies must take the difficult stereologic problem of spheroid sectioning into account. A mathematical model is proposed to describe an aggregate of separate parallel anisotropic prolate spheroids of variable size and eccentricity. This model appears suitable for the study of epithelial nuclei. After a tentative estimation of the biopsy angle, the application of the model to nuclear profile measurements produces the stereologic data of the mean spheroid nucleus: major and minor axes (and their ratio), volume, surface area (and the V/S ratio), and numerical density. Considerable time may be saved by the use of an image analyser with a specific algorithm. Most of the steps are entirely automated, but the user retains the interactive choice of the nuclei to be studied, for instance by separating the different epithelial layers. The profile data are computer-filed and several programs can yield the stereologic estimations and plots of nuclear profile areas. Poolings of cases of similar histologic staging and nearly the same sectioning angle can be used for the profile area plots. The model has been applied to pseudostratified and altered nasal mucosa of nickel workers. The stereologic estimates, mainly the nuclear volume, correlate well with histologic gradings. The nuclear profile area plots are considered useful for an assessment of the nuclear polyploidism. The complete model should be applicable to many other types of functionally or pathologically altered epithelia, particularly for cancer and precancer screenings, when the use of sectioned material is a prerequisite.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1982

Nasal histology and nickel concentration in plasma and urine after improvements in the work environment at a nickel refinery in Norway.

Nasal histology and nickel concentration in the plasma and urine of nickel workers were reexamined after 4 a for an evaluation of the effect of improvements in the refining process and work conditions. Ninety-eight (31%) nickel workers who were part of a previous study were reexamined. In addition, 33 of the original 38 workers with nasal epithelial dysplasia were studied for possible regression of the histological changes. Reduction in the atmospheric content of nickel and improved hygienic conditions lowered the concentration of nickel in plasma and urine by approximately 50%. The mean histological score and frequency of dysplasia was virtually the same in the two investigations, 12 and 13%, respectively. Nasal biopsies are of limited diagnostic value in the examination of individual cases. However, the method seems to be of value in identifying and monitoring groups of persons with increased risk of developing nasal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Changes in the nasal mucosa of furniture workers. A pilot study.

The present study was carried out in order to evaluate whether precancerous lesions could be detected in the nasal mucosa of furniture workers. Histological examination of nasal biopsies from 113 workers (103 active and 10 retired) and 54 referents was performed. The histological sections were evaluated blindly according to a numerical classification scale, and the results were compared, by means of multiple regression analysis, to age, type and duration of exposure to wood dust, smoking habits, nasal allergy, and rhinoscopic findings. Nasal stenosis and mechanical wood preparation were significantly related to the histological findings by the partial correlation coefficients. Fourteen cases (12%) of dysplasia were found among the furniture workers, preferentially among those performing mechanical wood preparation, and among the referents there was one (2%). The evaluation of the importance of exposure to dust of individual types of wood was not possible. Nasal epithelial dysplasia should probably be interpreted as a preneoplastic lesion and may be of significance in the pathogenesis of nasal adenocarcinoma. Standard nasal biopsies appear to be valuable in identifying groups of persons with an increased incidence of nasal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The surface structure of the human nasal mucosa. I. Ciliated and metaplastic epithelium in normal individuals. A correlated study by scanning/transmission electron and light microscopy.

This study is part of a larger investigation, which includes morphometric and histopathologic studies, with the common objective of obtaining a comprehensive description of normal and altered nasal mucosa. Specimens from normal young subjects of both sexes (4 girls and 10 boys, 4-14 years of age) and middle-aged male persons (40-60 years of age) were investigated. Squamous metaplasia starts at an early age and becomes more prominent with increasing years. Pseudostratified epithelium is replaced by fully developed stratified squamous epithelium through a sequence of epithelial alterations starting with stratified cuboidal epithelium followed by mixed stratified cuboidal/stratified squamous epithelium. Each stage during this transformation can be readily recognized by its fine structural surface pattern. The changes in surface features during metaplastic transformation include (i) an increase in number and shortening of the microvilli, (ii) the appearance of microridges in squamous epithelium and (iii) alterations in mucus secretion, changing from macroapocrine in pseudostratified epithelium to microapocrine secretion in metaplasia. Metaplasia usually appeared in sharply demarcated areas, and each type is always surrounded by the directly preceding or succeeding variety of epithelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The surface structure of the human nasal mucosa. II. Metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in nickel workers. A correlated study by scanning/transmission electron and light microscopy.

The results of recent histopathologic studies of the nasal mucosa in nickel workers show that, in addition to metaplastic changes, there are frequently dysplastic alterations which are probably preneoplastic lesions. Seen by scanning electron microscopy metaplasia appears monomorphic and no major qualitative differences exist between nickel workers and controls of the same age although it tends to be more pronounced in the former group. Dysplasia and carcinoma, on the other hand, are characterized by considerable polymorphism in surface features which make distinction from metaplasia simple. In both dysplasia and carcinoma four defined types of surface can be distinguished: globule- and tongue-like structures, pleomorphic microvilli and microridges. In addition, parts of individual cells and adjacent cells often show a considerable variation in surface pattern. The surface structures are dynamic features and changes in these are related to the degree of maturation, genetic and metabolic properties of epithelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Stereological analysis of nasal mucosa. III. Stepwise alterations in cellular and subcellular components of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic epithelium in nickel workers.

Nasal mucosal biopsies taken primarily for diagnostic purposes were graded as pseudostratified, metaplastic (consisting of stratified cuboidal, non-keratinizing and keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium) or dysplasic, and were analysed by simple stereological procedures at the electron microscopic level. For biological and methodological reasons the evaluation was focused on the basal cells of the epithelium. The transition of pseudostratified to metaplasic and dysplasic epithelium was accompanied by significant alterations in the karyoplasm and cytoplasm. The main changes in the karyoplasm were a gradual reduction of heterochromatin and an enlargement of the nucleoli. In the cytoplasm the main changes involved: (i) the mitochondria, with a threefold increase in size and a corresponding reduction in number. In addition the surface density of their cristae was reduced by 32%. (ii) The surface density of rough endoplasmic reticulum, which increased by 100%, (iii) the volume fraction of tonofilaments which decreased by 60%, and (iv) the number of desmosomes which increased by 60%. The morphologic changes, especially those involving the mitochondria and endoplasmic membranes, suggest that biochemical differences also exist between the original, and metaplasic and dysplasic epithelia. The stepwise alterations of several independent cellular and subcellular components support the hypothesis of a gradual transformation of pseudostratified epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium and dysplasia.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of semiautomatic digitizer-tablet and simple point counting performance in morphometry.

A comparison is made between the efficiency of an opto-manual digitizer-tablet (MOP-AM 03) and simple point counting in the analysis of drawings of basal cells in the normal and pathologically altered chonchal epithelium. The analysis included estimation of the areas of cellular, nuclear and nucleolar sectional profiles as well as the cell basal width, i.e. the length of cell profile attachment to the basement membrane. The morphometric results obtained with the two methods are virtually identical. The efficiency of point counting is somewhat higher than that of the digitizer, but the prices of the two sets of equipment differ by one or two orders of magnitude. In general, the unquestionable measuring precision of the digitizer is unlikely to be of much impact in most biological studies due to the inevitable biological variation between individuals under study and the large variation which is always added at the level of single features by random sectioning.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

Surface structures in normal, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal mucosa of nickel workers. A SEM and post SEM histopathological study.

The surface fine structure of normal and abnormal nasal epithelia was examined by SEM. By the gradual increase of the luminal cell area, number and length of microvilli and the appearance of microridges, the various stages of epidermoid metaplasia (stratified cuboidal epithelium, mixed stratified cuboidal/stratified squamous and stratified squamous epithelium) could be clearly distinguished. Staging could be performed by SEM with the same degree of accuracy as histopathology. A quantitative approach for the estimation of number of microvilli and evaluation of surface areas on SEM micrographs is presented. In dysplasia, the superficial cells exhibited great variation in size and shape. The surface features of dysplastic cells consisted of densely packed knob-like structures, varying in size and shape; rount to oval, elongated or totally irregular forms were seen. When dealing with unfamiliar material a post-SEM histopathology staging by an experienced pathologist is a requisite for reliable identification of cells observed by SEM.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1980

Morphometric light and electron microscopic studies of histopathological changes in nasal mucosa of nickel workers.

Biopsies of nasal epithelium consisting of metaplasia (stratified cuboid epithelium, mixed stratified cuboid/stratified squamous epithelium and squamous epithelium), dysplasia and carcinoma, were the subjects of morphometric analysis using semithin sections of plastic embedded material. Use of a semiautomatic device for image analysis (MOP, AMO3, Kontron) facilitated the workload considerably but not at the expense of reliability. The measurements were restricted to the basal layer. The preliminary study consists of scanning and transmission electron microscopy besides morphometry. The most interesting electron microscopic finding was a significant reduction in foldings of the surface of the plasma membrane in dysplasia with a nearly complete loss in carcinoma and an increase of desmosomes in dysplasia. The most conspicuous light microscopic finding was an increase in the cell size with largest values in dysplasia (162 +/- 16 micrometer 2) and an unchanged nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio for the different types of metaplasia of 0.28 in contrast to dysplasia and carcinoma of 0.31 and 0.51 respectively. Alterations of the karyoplasm consisted of a conspicuous, gradual increase in the percentage of nuclei containing nucleoli, which was nearly 100% in carcinoma. The nucleoli fraction per nuclei was 7.6% in dysplasia, which was a 2 or 1.5 times increase compared to stratified cuboid epithelium or carcinoma respectively. This increase was mainly the consequence of an enlargement of the average nucleoli size which was 2 or 3 times higher in atypia (9.3 +/- 1.4 micrometer 2) than in stratified cuboid epithelium and carcinoma respectively. Further work is in progress to enlarge the number of analyzed cases and especially to quantify the ultrastructural alterations.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1978

Osteomas of the paranasal sinuses.

Twenty-eight cases of osteomas of the paranasal sinuses are reviewed. The most common localization was the frontal sinus, secondly the ethmoid sinus. Primary osteomas of the maxillary and sphenoid sinus are very rare. The most common complaint was pain. Clinical examination revealed deformity of the forehead and/or face in 13 patients, seven had dislocation of the eyeball as well. In eight cases x-ray, including tomography, and operation showed exposed dura. This gives a potential risk of intracranial complications, demonstrated by one of our patients who had a defect in the dura, and consequently meningitis. Osteomas encroaching on neighboring structures should be extirpated, while smaller osteomas can be left in place provided that they are controlled regularly. Recurrences are rare. When operating we feel that satisfactory cosmetic and functional conditions count more than radicality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA content in adenoid cystic carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was performed on 51 patients with adenoid cystic carcinomas to see whether DNA ploidy, tumor stage, and histopathologic grading correlated with prognosis. METHODS: Histopathologic grading was performed according to Szanto et al and DNA content was estimated from archived material using the technique by Hedley et al. RESULTS: Thirty-nine tumors were DNA diploid and 12 were DNA aneuploid. Histologic grade III was more often associated with DNA aneuploidy than the lower grades (p = 0.011). DNA ploidy also correlated with clinical stage (p = 0.011). Log-rank analysis and Cox regression analysis of treatment failures revealed significant findings for S-phase value and DNA ploidy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that DNA ploidy estimations, S-phase value, and histologic grading are prognostic factors in adenoid cystic carcinomas. These examinations should therefore be incorporated in the evaluation of patients with adenoid cystic carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Staging of carcinoma of the palatine tonsils by computed tomography.

In a retrospective study of 24 patients with biopsy-verified tonsillar malignancies, the tumoral staging by CT and by clinical examination were compared, applying the criteria of the 1983 edition of the International Union Against Cancer; the T classifications corresponded well. The N classifications, however, differed, as CT showed more advanced lymph node disease than indicated by clinical examination. Involvement of the jugulodigastric node was diagnosed equally well by CT and by palpation. Computed tomography revealed more suspect nodes than palpation in the rest of the anterior chain and in the posterior triangle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT findings in benign expansions of the larynx.

The CT findings in six patients with benign laryngeal expansions are reported. Although CT in laryngeal carcinomas has been extensively dealt with in the literature, little mention has been made of benign conditions. The CT appearances of expansions due to chondroma, tuberculosis, hypertrophic lingual tonsilla, fluid-filled laryngocele, aberrant thyroid adenoma, and chronic granulomatous inflammation are described.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carcinoma of the hypopharynx: CT staging.

The CT examinations of 42 patients with carcinoma of the hypopharynx were analyzed. Tumor site of origin and detailed patterns of extent and spread were noted and a T and N classification attempted. The results were compared to findings achieved by palpation, mirror examination, laryngoscopy, and hypopharyngoscopy. Computed tomography yielded valuable information concerning submucous tumor extension and cartilage involvement. The additional information obtained by CT led to upstaging 29% of the cases to a higher T level and 36% of the cases to a higher N level.

Aged↗