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Biomedical subjects

M Boysen

Publications and source records attributed to M Boysen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Nasal mucosa in workers exposed to formaldehyde: a pilot study.

This study evaluates the histological changes, especially the presence of possible precancerous lesions, in the nasal mucosa of workers exposed to formaldehyde. Nasal biopsies of 37 workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde for more than five years and 37 age matched referents showed a higher degree of metaplastic alterations in the former group. In addition, three cases of epithelial dysplasia were observed among the exposed. These results indicate that formaldehyde may be potentially carcinogenic to man. Combination of this finding with the inconclusive epidemiological studies suggests that formaldehyde is a weak carcinogen and that occupational exposure to formaldehyde alone is insufficient to induce nasal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Primary irradiation, surgery or combined therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. A comparison of treatment results from two centers.

We compared two groups of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Group 1 consisted of 483 patients treated from 1958 through 1978. Primary surgery was selected in 41% pre- or postoperative radiation therapy in 16% and primary radiation therapy in 43%. Group 2 consisted of 247 patients treated from 1978 through 1983. Primary surgery was selected in only 1.6%, pre- or postoperative radiation therapy in 23%, and primary radiation therapy, with surgery in reserve for residual or recurrent carcinoma, in 76%. Although the results were comparable for patients with early stage tumors in the two groups, significantly higher local-regional tumor control rates and corrected survival rates were recorded for patients with advanced tumors in group 2. More patients survived with a cancer-free functional larynx, the surgical salvage rates were higher, the complication rates and the death rates lower in group 2 compared to group 1.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lip (Merkel cell tumour) examined by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

A definite diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin is seldom made on initial histological examination; the tumour is usually reported as a poorly differentiated or anaplastic carcinoma. By applying electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, a correct diagnosis can be made. The ultrastructural examination shows dense-core membrane-bound granules, intermediate perinuclear filaments and desmosome-like junctions. Immunohistochemistry reveals positive staining for neuron-specific enolase and keratin, the latter in a characteristic paranuclear distribution. Confronted with an unusual clinical picture or indefinite histological diagnosis, tissue specimens should be secured for the above mentioned ancillary procedures.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Rhabdomyoma of the tongue. Report of a case with light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations.

Adult rhabdomyoma is a benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin, which mainly occurs in the head and neck region. Because of its rarity the diagnosis may be missed, especially if cross-striations cannot be demonstrated by light microscopy. By applying supplementary diagnostic evaluation with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, the diagnosis is established. Positive staining with desmin unequivocally demonstrates that the tumour cells are derived from muscle tissue. The presence of myofibrils, Z-bands and numerous mitochondria by ultrastructural examination are characteristic features of this tumour.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Carcinoma in situ of the larynx. Results with different methods of treatment.

A series of 81 cases of severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the larynx was retrospectively analysed to evaluate the results of radiation therapy and repetitive stripping/biopsies. An average of almost five years elapsed between the diagnosis of severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ and carcinoma. Of patients primarily treated with irradiation 19% developed invasive carcinoma compared to 15% in the group primarily treated with repetitive stripping/biopsies, and radiation therapy for failures. The mean age at diagnosis for patients in whom the epithelium normalized was 66.1 years, compared to 59.3 years for those in whom the process progressed to carcinoma (p less than 0.05). It thus appears that carcinoma in situ may comprise at least two different lesions with different biological behaviour.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

Experience with reconstructive surgery in 137 cases of head and neck cancer.

A retrospective analysis of 137 patients treated with reconstruction of defects following head and neck cancer surgery is presented. From 1976 through 1984, 151 regional flaps were used: 43 pectoralis myocutaneous, 29 deltopectoral, 19 forehead, 17 nasolabial, 14 combinations of the aforementioned and 15 other types. The minimum follow-up was two years. Of 62 patients (51 stage III and IV) operated as part of the primary treatment, 20 (32%) died due to relapse, of which 14 (23%) occurred within the region reconstructed. The corresponding figures for 64 patients receiving salvage surgery for recurrences were 53% and 39% respectively. Eleven patients had repair of wounds following surgery or irradiation. Major flap necrosis necessitating reoperation occurred in 11%. The average duration of hospitalization was 35 days. We feel that these results justify these resource-demanding operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Keratin and involucrin in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Distribution in the nasal mucosa of nickel workers.

Nasal mucosal biopsy specimens encompassing normal and pathological epithelia were obtained from nickel workers, a population with an increased incidence of carcinomas of the respiratory tract. The immunohistochemical detection of keratins was carried out using monoclonal antibodies AE1 and AE3. The antibody AE1 stained only the basal cells of normal mucociliary epithelium. Regular metaplasias showed an increased stain with AE3; all layers of the surface epithelium were stained. The dysplastic and neoplastic lesions exhibited an extraordinary increase in the staining patterns with AE3 and to a lesser extent with AE1. Involucrin, which was absent from the normal pseudostratified epithelium, appeared in all metaplastic-dysplastic lesions and in keratinized areas of carcinomas. The combined detection of keratins and involucrin proved useful in detecting the degree of maturity and differentiation of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the nasal mucosa.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Morphometric analysis of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas.

Whether recurrences of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas in some way is related to the amount and composition of the vascular components was studied by estimating the volume densities of the vascular lumen, the wall of thin-walled (lined only with endothelial cells) and thick-walled vessels (several cell-layers in the vascular wall) in seven cases of recurring and five non-recurring tumors. The volume density of the vascular compartment was less in recurring compared to non-recurring tumors, 4.3 +/- 2.6% and 8.0 +/- 2.6% respectively (p less than 0.05). The volume density of the wall of thin-walled vessels was 0.7 +/- 0.2% and 1.5 +/- 0.5% for recurring and non-recurring tumors respectively (p less than 0.01). Our findings suggest that nasopharyngeal angiofibromas may be subdivided into two subgroups with different clinical behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Karyometry of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium by morphometry and stereology. 2. Automated image analysis (IBAS) of the basal layer of nickel workers.

A mathematical model for the stereological analysis of parallel-oriented, spheroidal nuclei has been applied to the basal layers of respiratory, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelia. Nuclear profiles seen on tissue sections were measured with an automatic image analyser (IBAS). Nuclear profile area distributions were used to assess possible polyploidies. The result are compared to the histopathological grading, consisting of pseudostratified (respiratory), cuboidal, mixed cuboidal/squamous, squamous, and dysplastic epithelia. The estimated nuclear axis lengths, volumes, surface areas and volume/surface ratios are, in the great majority of cases, significantly smaller in pseudostratified or cuboidal epithelium than in squamous metaplasia and dysplasia. Correspondingly, the numerical density of the nuclei is lower in the latter cases, in which is also noted a smaller nuclear eccentricity. No significant difference is found between the nuclei of squamous and dysplastic epithelia. There is a clear correlation between the mean profile areas and the stereologically estimated volumes of the nuclei. When classifying the mean profile areas into four classes, a progressive shift from the smaller towards the larger size classes is observed when passing from pseudostratified to dysplastic epithelia, through the different metaplastic stages. The nuclear profile area plots often show several peaks, even in some pseudostratified and cuboidal epithelia, probably reflecting polyploidy. There is a marked tendency towards larger profile areas in squamous metaplasia and dysplasia. One histopathologically typical dysplasia showed only small-sized nuclei and another had a notable contribution of those in its profile area plot, in contrast with all the other dysplasias and squamous metaplasias, which displayed practically no small nuclei. The possible implications of the existence of "small-sized-nuclei-dysplasias" are discussed. The literature dealing with nuclear volumes or DNA quantities in putative preneoplastic situations in reviewed. Our method adds some valuable objective criteria to those used in classical histopathological grading. It should be possible to apply this method to other epithelial tissues.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1985

Value of routine follow-up in patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

The records of 214 consecutively registered, previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region were reviewed. Among the 157 patients considered "free of disease" following the primary treatment 54 developed recurrences - all but three within three years. Only in patients with carcinoma of the larynx treated with radiation alone did follow-up disclose recurrences for which further treatment resulted in a significant number of cures. For these patients the cure rate was one in 79 routine appointments compared to only one cure in 325 appointments for patients with carcinoma in other localizations. It seems that our routine follow-up procedure for most types of carcinoma is too extensive and that follow-up beyond three years mainly will be of value for the possible detection of second primary malignancies.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1984

A general model for the light and electron microscopic morphometry/stereology (M & S) of precancerous epithelial transformation using clinical biopsies.

A morphometric model is presented which has proved valuable in the analysis of precancerous lesions at the light and electron microscopic level. The material consisted of biopsies of nasal mucosa embedded in plastic and sectioned perpendicular to the luminal surface. Sampling was restricted to the basal layer in order to compare in the different metaplastic and dysplastic stages a common cell type which is easy to identify in all stages and to reduce the workload. The application of digitizers, classical point counting procedures and linear parameters all allow a good separation between the different types of epithelium. The latter method is especially advisable in diagnostic pathology since the workload becomes drastically reduced as a consequence of linear instead of area parameters (e.g. cell width, i.e. contract zone with basement membrane, instead of cell size) and classifying instead of counting points. A 3-class ruler served for the estimation of the transverse diameters of nuclei, cell width and the sum of the longitudinal and transverse nucleolar axes. The use of a weighted index is more sensitive than simple measurements. The reliability of the method was also tested in a prospective study in which the biopsies were first analyzed by morphometry. The agreement between the prior morphometric classification and the subsequent histologic classification was 91%. The results demonstrate that basal cells alone carry the information for grading metaplastic and dysplastic changes in epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Epithelium↗
PubMed1984

Increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of retired nickel workers.

Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were analysed in the peripheral lymphocytes of nine retired nickel refinery workers 4-15 years after the retirement and compared with 11 matched non-nickel exposed controls. None of the controls had previous occupations with known relation to induction of chromosomal aberrations nor sister chromatid exchanges. The groups were equal as to socioeconomic status and environmental factors other than the occupational ones, which could influence the chromosome parameters, were to the largest possible extent excluded. The nickel workers' previous occupational employment involved exposure to inhalation of furnace dust of Ni3S2 and NiO or aerosols of NiCl2 and NiSO4. The concentration of nickel in the working atmospheres has been higher than 1.0 mg/m3 air and the exposure time more than 25 years. The retired nickel workers showed an increased incidence of breaks (p less than 0.001) and gaps (p less than 0.05) but no difference in the incidence of sister chromatid exchanges when compared with the controls.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Discrimination of various epithelia by simple morphometric evaluation of the basal cell layer. A light microscopic analysis of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium in nickel workers.

This study presents a simple morphometric method for objective classification of pseudostratified, various types of metaplastic, and dysplastic epithelium by evaluation of cellular features in the basal layer only. Fifty-four biopsy specimens were taken for diagnostic reasons from the nasal mucosa of nickel workers, and semithin toluidine-blue-stained sections were analysed. The most sensitive parameters in distinguishing between the various types of epithelium were: (i) the transverse nuclear diameter, (ii) the size of the nucleoli and (iii) the basal cell width expressed as an index weighted towards the cell profiles with the broadest attachment face on the basal lamina. A combination of these three parameters allows a clear separation between dysplastic, metaplastic and pseudostratified epithelium. The sequential increase in these parameters from pseudostratified epithelium through two histologically distinguishable stages of metaplasia (stratified cuboidal and mixed stratified cuboidal/stratified squamous epithelium) to fully developed squamous epithelium supports the concept that metaplasia develops gradually. The continuous increase in these parameters from metaplasia to dysplasia further suggests that metaplasia is a necessary step in the development of nasal epithelial dysplasia. This morphometric model appears especially useful in monitoring small sequential epithelial changes, and might also be used for evaluating other types of epithelia.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1983

A simple and efficient method for objective discrimination between pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium.

Morphologic features may sometimes be interpreted differently by different pathologists. By introducing objective methods in the histological evaluation the subjectivity of the judgement is reduced and a higher degree of consistency achieved. In the present study three linear parameters of nasal epithelial basal cells: the largest transversal nuclear diameter, the sum of the longitudinal and transversal nucleolar axes and the basal cell width, i.e. the width of the attachment face to the basement membrane, were classified by means of three-class rulers. From this classification weighted indices were made which were then given equal weight and transformed, so that when added up their sum, the joint index (Q) to the largest possible extent was consistent with pseudostratified/stratified cuboidal, stratified squamous and dysplastic epithelium when Q less than or equal to 1, 1 less than Q less than or equal to 2 and Q greater than 2 respectively. Tested prospectively we found 91% agreement between the morphometric and histological classification. The method presented is extremely simple and rapid to perform, and appears to have diagnostic potential in distinguishing various types of epithelial alterations of the nasal mucosa. The method may also be useful in approaching similar problems in other epithelia.

Cell Nucleolus↗