Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Baba

Publications and source records attributed to M Baba.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Comparative efficacy of antiherpes drugs against various strains of varicella-zoster virus.

Twenty antiherpes compounds were compared for their inhibitory activities against five laboratory strains and five clinical isolates of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in human embryo fibroblast cultures. E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (BVaraU), E-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (IVDU), and E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) were the most effective. The average values of the 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) for VZV replication were 0.0013, 0.0015, and 0.0024 micrograms/ml, respectively. 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine were 1.2 and 3.4 times less effective than 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU). The selectivity indexes (ratio of ID50 for host-cell DNA synthesis to ID50 for VZV replication) of BVaraU, IVDU, and BVDU were between 41,000 and 67,000, whereas those of cytosine arabinoside, IDU, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine were less than 1.1. BVaraU, IVDU, and BVDU were the most potent and the most selective inhibitors of VZV activity. A deoxythymidine kinase deficient mutant of VZV was resistant to most of the compounds tested at concentrations up to 36,000 times greater than the average ID50 for strains that were not deficient.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1983

Incomplete growth of varicella-zoster virus in human monocytes.

Infection of human peripheral blood monocytes by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was investigated. When freshly isolated monocytes of young adult volunteers were infected with cell-free VZV and examined by indirect immunofluorescence, specific antigens appeared at 8 hr and the number of antigen-positive cells reached the maximum between 24 and 48 hr postinfection. The proportion of antigen-positive cells to total cells was similar to that of the permissive control (HeLa cells), while very few infectious centers (IC) of monocytes were formed in comparison with the infected control cells. Monocytes isolated from infants and old persons formed a larger number of IC than those of young adults. Electron microscopic study of VZV-infected monocytes from three young adult volunteers demonstrated that the proportion of VZV particle-positive cells to total cells was similar to that of antigen-positive cells, and most of the particles seen in the nuclei were low in density and lacked a central core. These results suggest that the growth of VZV in human adult monocytes is incomplete. This restriction of VZV growth by monocytes may play an important role in defense against VZV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the retention of passively transferred antibodies in man. II. Antibody activity in the blood after intravenous or intramuscular administration of anti-HBs human immunoglobulin.

Catabolism of intravenously or intramuscularly administered human immunoglobulin in man was studied by the administration of HBs antibodies at a high titer and analysis with a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay technique. The half-life in the blood of the antibodies in the aggregate-reduced antibody preparation administered intravenously was found to be 17.7 days and of those in the antibody preparation administered intramuscularly to be 23.8 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

"Fibrinogen Tokyo II". An abnormal fibrinogen with an impaired polymerization site on the aligned DD domain of fibrin molecules.

A hereditary dysfibrinogenemia associated with defective aggregation of fibrin monomers was found in a 39-yr-old female and in the members of her immediate family, who had all been asymptomatic. The abnormality was probably due to an impaired polymerization site exposed in the DD domain of two adjacent fibrin molecules, because plasmic fragment DD derived from the propositus' cross-linked fibrin bound far less tightly to insolubilized normal fragment E than that from the normal one. Its complementary polymerization site in the E domain of fibrin, which was exposed by thrombin cleavage, and the polymerization site in the D domain of fibrinogen, which was available without activation by thrombin, were both found to be normal. More anodal migration of the abnormal fragment DD than the normal one, as shown by immunoelectrophoresis, seemed to support our concept that the mutation most likely resides in the D domain of the abnormal fibrinogen molecule at or near a region closely related to the polymerization site that is exposed when two fibrin molecules are linearly aligned. The work of others on the polymerization of normal fibrin with different techniques yielded results consistent with our conclusions. We tentatively designate this type of abnormal fibrinogen "fibrinogen Tokyo II," but its possible identity with other abnormalities of fibrinogen reported heretofore is not excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The Edinburgh-2 coma scale: a new scale for assessing impaired consciousness.

In the management of patients with acute cerebral disturbances, it is essential to determine precisely the degree of impaired consciousness. However, a coma scale for assessing impaired levels of consciousness has not yet been standardized internationally. The Edinburgh-2 coma scale (E2 CS) is introduced and compared with the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). The reliability of the E2 CS was tested by comparing levels of the E2 CS with the outcome of patients who underwent neurosurgical operations. A good correlation was observed between the levels of the E2 CS and the outcome. A change of two levels suggests that some change influencing the outcome has occurred or exists within the cranium of the patient. A correlation between the E2 CS and the GCS was proven to exist. The merits and drawbacks of both scales are discussed. One advantage of the E2 CS is that it has removed ambiguous terms, which are still present in the GCS. Also it is easier to grasp changes in a patient's condition shown on a chart because the levels of the E2 CS are arranged first-dimensionally. Use of the GCS should not preclude the use of other scales, such as the E2 CS; the E2 CS could be used together with the GCS. The accumulation of data on both scales would provide information useful in improving the existing coma scales.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Experimental production of pulmonary granulomas: III. Plasma-cell granulomas in mice.

Endobronchial instillation of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced plasma-cell granulomas in the lungs of DD strain mice. One week after administration, plasma cells appeared in monolayered cell clusters around pulmonary arterioles running along the bronchial tree. The plasma cells increased in number with time to form granulomas consisting mainly of well developed plasma cells with an admixture of lymphocytes and macrophages. At the peak of production of granulomas (4-10 weeks), the plasma cells piled up around the arterioles and infiltrated the connective tissues surrounding the bronchioles. Germinal-centre-like foci could be demonstrated in the granulomas. The lymph nodes draining the treated lobe showed marked proliferation of plasma cells in the medullary cord, suggesting that the plasma cells passed through alveolar walls into the lung and migrated to periarteriolar connective tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Spectral analysis of cerebrospinal fluid pulse wave].

The change of the cerebrospinal pressure wave from during the continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure is often experienced. We supposed that this phenomenon would be the result of the change of transmission of spinal fluid pulse through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system. Our study was performed to determine the change of auto power spectrum of CSF pulse when CSF pressure was increased by the slow infusion of lactate linger solution. The spectrum of CSF pulse was found to be composed of four main waves; wave derived from the respiratory movement, fundamental wave of cardiac origin and its 2nd and 3rd harmonic waves. The power of waves derived from the cardiac beats were increased when CSF pressure was elevated by the slow infusion, but the degree of increment was larger in the fundamental wave than harmonic waves. Elevation of CSF pressure caused relative attenuation of the harmonic waves included in CSF pulse. From the result of this study we found that CSF system would have the function of "high-cut filter" and its cut-off frequency was lowered by the slow infusion of lactate linger solution.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Increased gastrin secretion in patients with pheochromocytoma.

The relationship between serum catecholamines and serum gastrin in the basal state and in response to a liquid test meal was investigated in 6 patients with histologically proven pheochromocytoma before and after surgical removal of the tumor. Serum catecholamines were measured by a high performance liquid-chromatography technique, and serum gastrin was determined by radioimmunoassay. In patients with normal serum adrenaline, no increase in serum gastrin level in the basal state or after ingesting a test meal was found. In contrast, in those with abnormally high serum adrenaline, the serum gastrin levels in the basal state and in response to a test meal were significantly higher than in patients with a normal serum adrenaline level and in normal subjects. Surgical removal of the tumor resulted in a significant decrease in both the serum adrenaline concentration and serum gastrin secretion in the basal state and after meal stimulation. These results indicate that adrenaline stimulates serum gastrin secretion not only in the basal state, but also in response to a test meal.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Electrocochleographic study of Ménière's disease.

Auditory nerve action potential (AP), cochlear microphonics (CM), and summating potential (SP) were recorded from 32 patients with Ménière's disease. Patients were classified into three groups according to the degree of their hearing impairment. The group of patients that had a mild to moderate hearing loss and whose hearing was reversible showed notably satisfactory responses for AP, CM, and negative SP (-SP), and also showed a high incidence of positive SP (+SP). Low responses for AP and CM with an increase of detection thresholds and a high -SP/AP ratio were obtained from patients with moderate hearing impairment, whose hearing fluctuated slightly. These electrocochleographic findings were suggestive of the pathophysiologic differences at the various stages of Ménière's disease.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1982

Changes in peripheral nerve fibres distal to a constriction.

Continued constriction of the tibial nerve of the rabbit by a ligature was accompanied by a reduction in maximal motor conduction velocity distal to the ligature, and by a reduction in axonal and total fibre diameter. From the presence of paranodal demyelination and distal fibre degeneration in severely affected nerves, it is suggested that in some instances the change in axonal calibre was part of a progressive distal atrophy which could lead to secondary demyelination and ultimately to "dying-back" of the affected axons.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Studies on the retention of passively transferred antibodies in man. I. Quantitative measurement of the antibody activities to HBs by radioimmunoassay and its application to studies on the blood level of intravenously administered 7 S or 5 S antibody.

Measurement of diluted samples of high-titred antisera to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) proved that the RIA kit can be used quantitatively in a wider range than stated by the manufacturer. Analysis of the blood level of anti-HBs activities by RIA in a homologous system gave straight declines corresponding to the diffusion and the catabolic phases of human 7 S or 5 S antibody. The half-life of the intravenously given antibody was calculated from the catabolic decline to 17.7 days for human immunoglobulin or 2.7 days for human F(ab')2 fragment.

Hepatitis B Antigens↗