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Biomedical subjects

M Ando

Publications and source records attributed to M Ando.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Neurogenic bladder in patients with lumbar vertebral disorders].

Bladder and urethral functions were evaluated urodynamically in 114 patients with lumbar disorders including prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc (66 patients), lumbar canal stenosis (19 patients), lumbar spondylolysis and/or spondylolisthesis (21 patients), lumbar spondylosis deformans (5 patients) and ossification of the yellow ligament of the lumbar spine (3 patients). The patients consisted of 88 males and 26 females with an average age of 47 years (range 17 to 73 years). Symptomatic organic infravesical obstruction was excluded by physical and radiographic examination. Cystometry revealed preoperative neurogenic bladder in 23 patients (20%); normal detrusor with overactive sphincter in 2 (9%), underactive in 8 (36%), overactive in 5 (23%) and equivocal in 7 (32%). One patient not receiving cystometry revealed abnormal uroflowmetry with 140 ml residual urine. Twenty of them underwent electromyographic examination of the external sphincter and 15 (75%) had an overactive sphincter. Nine (39%) of them complained no urological symptoms. Neurogenic bladder seemed to highly associate in those having abnormal tendon reflex in the lower extremities, decreased bulbocavernosus reflex and sensory disturbance in the perineal area, but there was no statistical significance. Of twenty-three neurogenic bladder patients, eighteen underwent a lumbar vertebral operation and fifteen received postoperative urodynamic evaluation. Uroflowmetry was improved in more than half of the patients within 3 months after the operation and cystometry was normalized in 4 of 7 patients who underwent cystometry over 6 months after the operation. Preoperative overactive detrusor remained unchanged in two of three patients who underwent cystometry over 6 months after the operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Neurogenic bladder in patients with cervical cord compression disorders].

Bladder and urethral functions were evaluated urodynamically in 62 patients with cervical cord compression disorder caused by either ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine (32 patients), cervical spondylosis (14 patients), prolapsed cervical intervertebral disc (14 patients) or cervical spinal canal stenosis (2 patients). The patients included 46 males and 16 females with average age of 57 years (range 39 to 73 years). Symptomatic organic infravesical obstruction was excluded by physical and radiographic examination. Cystometry revealed preoperative neurogenic bladder in 22 patients (35%) including overactive detrusor in 10 patients (45%) and underactive in 6 (27%). Twenty-one of them underwent electromyographic examination of external sphincter and 14 (67%) had overactive sphincter. Bladder and urethral functions appeared to be impaired in association with myelopathy of the pyramidal and spinothalamic tract of the cervical cord, because of high incidence of neurogenic bladder associated with positive Babinski's reflex and sensory disturbance at the perineal and lower extremity area. Furthermore, since many patients with deep sensory disturbance in the lower extremities had underactive detrusor, it appears likely that underactive detrusor was accompanied with myelopathy in the posterior funiculus of the cervical cord which mediates bladder proprioceptive sensation. Of twenty-two neurogenic bladder patients, seventeen underwent a cervical bone operation and eleven received postoperative urodynamic evaluation. The average interval from the operation to urodynamic evaluation was 1.6 months (range 1.1 to 2.3 months). Over half of the patients were found to be improved urodynamically as well as neurologically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Stimulus- and cumulative dose-dependent inhibition of O2- production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of patients receiving corticosteroids.

Since early in vivo studies in man have remained controversial as to the suppressive effects of glucocorticosteroids on the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), we tried to clarify those effects. The study population involved 19 inpatients on daily and prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Superoxide (O2-) production and chemotaxis were determined as a function of peripheral blood PMN, using various stimuli: concanavalin A (ConA) + cytochalasin D (CD), N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and the chemoattractants FMLP and zymosan activated serum (ZAS). In addition, the relationship between PMN function and corticosteroid dose was also evaluated. There was significant inhibition of PMN O2- production in the patients receiving corticosteroids depending on the stimulus (FMLP or PMA, 51% or 56% of controls; ConA + CD, not inhibited) but no significant inhibition of PMN chemotactic activity. Stimulation with FMLP showed an inverse relationship between O2- production and cumulative prednisolone dose (r = -0.41) in serial determination of O2- production in patients with a negative C-reactive protein (CRP) test. In the serial study of each patient with negative CRP we confirmed the suppression. These results suggest that O2- production by PMN could be inhibited, depending on the cumulative dose of corticosteroids in steroid-treated patients. This may be one possible mechanism of impaired host defences caused by corticosteroid therapy in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Triggering effects of opsonized-IgG antibody on the superoxide release in the phagosome and phagosome-lysosome fusion by pulmonary alveolar macrophages in rabbits.

We studied the triggering effects of opsonized-IgG antibody on the superoxide (O2-) release and phagosome-lysosome fusion in the phagosome of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM). Both were histochemically assayed in the same cell to enable simultaneous observation, using the qualitative superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and the acridine orange (AO) method. When PAM from normal rabbit lungs were made to phagocytize the IgG-treated yeasts, the cells showed the enhanced release of O2- which acted directly on the antibody-coated yeasts as an oxidant, and the enhanced phagosome-lysosome fusion that was inhibited by SOD and was closely related to the enhanced release of O2- in the phagosomes. In contrast, neither enhanced O2- release nor phagosome-lysosome fusion was observed in the PAM which phagocytized saline-treated yeasts. These results may suggest that the opsonized-IgG antibody enhances the O2- release in the phagosome, resulting in the enhanced phagosome-lysosome fusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Histopathologic findings of endomyocardial biopsies in pediatric patients with arrhythmias or conduction disturbances.

Histopathologic findings of endomyocardial biopsy in 23 pediatric patients with arrhythmias or conduction disturbance were analyzed. ECG abnormalities consisted of atrioventricular block (AVB) in 11, ventricular arrhythmia including premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and ventricular tachycardia in 7, sick sinus syndrome (SSS) in 3, and bundle branch block in 2 cases. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the right ventricle in all cases and, additionally, from the right atrium in SSS cases. Biopsy revealed significant pathology in 19 cases (83%). Advanced histologic changes, including myocyte hypertrophy, disarrangement of muscle bundles, and interstitial fibrosis with or without myocyte degeneration, were observed in 7/11 AVB cases and 1/6 PVC cases. SSS cases showed interstitial fibrosis with disarrangement of muscle bundles in the right atrium, but no significant pathologic changes were seen in the right ventricle. There was no clinical evidence of hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac defects, or other heart disease in these patients. It is suggested that these cases may fall under the arrhythmia-conduction disturbance type of cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of leiomyomas with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist].

Twenty-five premenopausal women, 36-54 years of age, with uterine myomas were treated with 600-1,200 micrograms/day of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa) for 4 months. Eight patients reached menopause following the treatment with LHRHa (menopause group), while the resumption of menstruation occurred within 12 weeks after cessation of the therapy in 17 patients (menstruation group). Although the mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the menopause group increased during treatment and was maintained within the normal range after cessation of the therapy, the Hb concentration in the menstruation group decreased after the resumption of menstruation. Both estradiol and CA125 in the menopause group were reduced during and after treatment. However, these parameters in the menstruation group increased concomitantly with the resumption of ovarian function. LH and FSH were suppressed during treatment, but these gonadotropins in the menopause group increased significantly to the levels of menopause. About a 50% reduction in uterine volume was observed in the menopause group. Three months after completing therapy, the restoration of uterine volume occurred in the menstruation group. Bone density findings in microdensitometry 12 weeks after cessation of the therapy did not differ significantly from those before the treatment. These results demonstrate that LHRHa therapy significantly reduces the uterine volume in patients with leiomyoma. It may be possible to treat selected patients with leiomyoma, including perimenopausal women and high surgical risk women with LHRHa, thus avoiding the need for surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Investigation of etiologies for acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis in 5 patients].

We experienced 5 cases of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis during the last two years and investigated those etiologies. Diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was established by the detection of elevated serum creatine phosphokinase, myoglobin, aldolase, myoglobinuria as well as by the clinical course. The respective underlying illness of the 5 cases were grand mal seizures, infection (high fever), heat stroke, diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma and cerebral infarction treated by barbiturate. In this investigation, however, any single cause was not enough as the etiologies of rhabdomyolysis. There were multiple factors responsible to rhabdomyolysis in each case, such as hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, shock, arteriosclerosis, etc. Some cases could not be classified as traumatic or non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Thus, in one case, acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis induced by the combination of grand mal seizures and serum potassium/phosphate depletion. 2 cases recovered without hemodialysis. 3 cases died in multiple organ failure, included a case treated by hemodialysis. We conclude that acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis induced easily by numerous diseases and early diagnosis is recommended.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

[Acute renal failure with lactic acidosis].

This study examined the acid base disturbances in 18 adults with acute renal failure (ARF) from one of new aspects, which is lactate metabolism and pathophysiology. 10 patients (55%) of them were accompanied by lactic acidosis and 9 patients (90%) of those with lactic acidosis also had severe hepatic failure. Mortality of patients with lactic acidosis was 80%, and much higher than that of ARF (66.7%). Lactate, pyruvate, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (L/P) were 76.7 +/- 15.66 mg/dl, 3.30 +/- 0.74 mg/dl and 19.9 +/- 1.41, respectively. All of them significantly raised, compared to values of healthy adults, patients with liver cirrhosis, chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus. Arterial pH and HCO3- levels were 7.20 +/- 0.04 and 10.6 +/- 1.20 mEq/l. Anion gap (AG) was 30.0 +/- 3.66 mEq/l. Significant correlations of lactate with pH, HCO3-, AG and L/P were demonstrated, while correlations of lactate with BUN, CR and prothrombin time were not significantly observed. Lactic acidosis results from two mechanisms. One is lactate overproduction (e.g tissue hypoxia) and the other is lactate underutilization (e.g severe liver and/or renal failure). Whenever lactic acidosis occurred, both mechanisms were present simultaneously and continuously. Especially, the latter mechanism had a very important role on it, and seemed to decide the prognosis of the patients with lactic acidosis. Therapy of lactic acidosis was very difficult. First of all, we tried to improve the circulatory failure and severe acidemia (pH less than 7.20) not to fall into vicious cycle. Then, CAVH, if combined with alkali infusion, seemed to be the most useful technique in managing lactic acidosis with ARF.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1990

[A report of successful treatment of mediastinitis and graft infection after ascending and aortic arch reconstruction].

A 43 years old male patient had composite graft replacement of ascending aorta and aortic arch with total reconstruction for his aortic valve regurgitation and ascending and aortic arch aneurysm. He developed high fever leucocytosis and in the early postoperative period and was diagnosed as aorta mediastinitis by proving bacterial culture positive in blood as well as in the drainage fluid. Re-exploration of mediastinal cavity was carried out and the necrotic tissues were removed as much as possible. The mediastinal cavity, especially around the graft was also thoroughly irrigated and washed with Iodine (Isozin) solution. Following this, mediastinal cavity was packed with non-diluted solution of Iodine sponge. Thereafter mediastinum was left open by applying sprint and patient was brought back to ICU. He was kept controlled ventilation and deep sedation. Mediastinal cavity was irrigated and re-packed with same solution every 8 hours for the following 48 hours so as to expect complete disinfection of the mediastinal cavity. He was brought back to the operation room again and midsternal incision was extended to the abdomen. Half portion of the major omentum was isolated from the stomach and transplanted into the mediastinal cavity with its vascular supply. Special care was taken to wrap around the graft with omentum. The sternum and skin were closed without any drainage tube. As postoperative complications most probably related to the application of high concentration of Iodine solution, he developed severe hepatic failure for which he was treated with hemofiltration. This was gradually improved and the infection was well controlled. He was discharged from the hospital on the 77th postoperative day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Lipoperoxidation and antioxidant substances in the human placenta during gestation].

Recently particular interest has been shown in the relationship of the aging phenomenon to lipid peroxidation by free radicals. We studied changes in lipid peroxidation in the human placenta by measuring lipoperoxides from early pregnancy to term. In addition, we studied changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in the placental tissues. The degree of lipid peroxidation in placental tissue in early pregnancy was significantly higher than that in late pregnancy. Lipid peroxidation in the case of spontaneous abortion was slightly higher than that in normal pregnancy. The activities of SOD and catalase increased significantly, but glutathione peroxidase activity remained almost the same throughout development. On the other hand, the alpha-tocopherol concentration decreased gradually as gestation progressed. These results suggest that early placental tissue is functionally immature, then gradually suppresses lipoperoxide formation as pregnancy advances. The placental tissue protects the fetus from many kinds of radicals in the feto-maternal circulation.

Catalase↗
PubMed1990

[Preventive effect of a novel leukotrienes antagonist ONO-1078 on leukotriene C4- and D4-induced human bronchial smooth muscle contraction].

To study whether a novel leukotrienes antagonist ONO-1078 (4-oxo-8-[4-phenylbutyloxy) benzoylamino]-2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran hemihydrate) prevents leukotrienes C4- and D4-(LTC4, LTD4) induced human bronchial smooth muscle contraction, we examined the bronchial contractile response to LTC4 and LTD4 in the presence or in the absence of ONO-1078 in human bronchial strips. We prepared 4 strips from each of 5 patients undergoing lobectomy of the lung because of lung cancer. We mounted the strips in organ baths and measured the contractile response to LTC4 and LTD4 from 10(-11) M to 10(-7) M after incubation with ONO-1078 (10(-8) M, 10(-7) M and 10(-6) M) and without ONO-1078. ONO-1078 shifted the dose response curve to LTC4 to higher concentration in dose dependent fashion, and it significantly inhibited the contractile response to LTC4 and LTD4. In the presence of L-serine borate complex (45 mM), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, ONO-1078 significantly inhibited the LTC4-induced contraction. On the other hand, ONO-1078 had no effect on the contractile response to acetylcholine. These results suggest that ONO-1078 is a specific antagonist of LTC4 and LTD4 receptors in human bronchial smooth muscle. Because the effect of LTC4 and LTD4 is thought to be an important part of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, our results also suggest that ONO-1078 may be a useful prophylactic drug for bronchial asthma.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1990

Histopathological assessment of endomyocardial biopsy in children: I. Semiquantitative study on the hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes.

Over 200 endomyocardial biopsies in pediatric patients have been performed since 1962, and an appropriate interpretation of myocardial hypertrophy in biopsy specimens at different ages is now necessary. The diameter of myocytes was measured in 108 biopsy specimens and 209 autopsy specimens from pediatric cases. There was a gradual increase in the myocyte diameter according to age in the biopsy and autopsy specimens. The diameter became adult size at 13 to 15 years of age in the right ventricle and at 9 to 15 years in the left ventricle. The myocyte size of diseased hearts was greater than that of normal hearts at each age. The coefficient of variance of the mean myocyte diameter in heart muscle disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy, was greater than in other hearts. These results suggested that it is possible to ascertain myocardial hypertrophy by measuring the diameter of cardiac myocytes. A proposed grading system of the degree of myocyte hypertrophy for the biopsy specimens at various pediatric ages is reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sensory ganglia from tadpoles but not adult bullfrogs synthesize heat shock-like proteins in vitro at non-heat shock temperature.

Lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from premetamorphic bullfrog tadpoles showed a selectively enhanced accumulation of two radiolabeled proteins when incubated in vitro at 22 degrees C for longer than 1 hr. During the first hour in vitro or after in vivo labeling, these polypeptides--of 25 and 68 kD molecular mass and slightly acidic isoelectric point--were detected in the DRG only at relatively low levels. Accumulation of the 25 kD species increased in lumbar DRG from tadpoles of all metamorphic stages but waned at stage XXV (completion of metamorphosis) and was absent from DRG of adult bullfrogs. In contrast, increased levels of the 68 kD species were detected only at premetamorphic stages. Tail DRG from premetamorphic tadpoles did not increase their synthesis of either polypeptide in vitro, which is consistent with the above findings because sensory neurons in tail DRG, but not in lumbar DRG, are mature at this developmental stage. Although the molecular sizes of the two polypeptides led us initially to consider them as heat shock-like proteins, only the 68 kD species was further increased (by approximately 100-fold) when premetamorphic lumbar DRG were incubated at 37 degrees C. The 25 kD species, which was the predominant protein induced at 22 degrees C, showed no further increase in response to hyperthermia. The enhanced in vitro synthesis of these polypeptides at control temperature (22 degrees C) is an example of cellular stress responses that may occur not as a consequence of elevated temperature or exogenous chemical agents, but as a result of transplantation-associated trauma. This phenomenon also represents an example of a cellular stress response that is "outgrown" during development.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

A new therapeutic trial of secretin in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis.

Many animal experiments have been studied on the choleretic effects of secretin. We intended to estimate secretin choleresis in human (15 patients) who had received PTCD or T-tube insertion into the common bile duct. Based upon these data of secretin and choleresis, secretin was administered to 11 patients with prolonged jaundice due to intrahepatic cholestasis in order to evaluate this as a new therapy for intrahepatic jaundice. As controls, eleven patients with intrahepatic cholestasis treated with steroid hormones and/or phenobarbital were used. In all cases with biliary drainage, secretin produced a remarkable choleretic effect with a high concentration of bicarbonate. In 9 out of 11 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis who were treated with secretin, levels of serum bilirubin decreased linearly and other liver function tests returned to the normal range. The mean values of T1/2 (number of days required for reduction by half) of serum bilirubin in 9 effective cases to secretin was 10.8 days. On the other hand, that in 11 effective cases treated with steroid hormones and/or phenobarbital was 23.2 days. These results suggest that secretin therapy may be an effective treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Premetamorphic effects of thyroid hormones on tadpole sensory ganglia.

Tadpoles at premetamorphic stages of development were used to compare the precocious responses of lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and hindlimb bud (tissues destined for growth) with the responses of tail DRG and tail muscle (tissues destined for resorption) following exogenous administration of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Responses to intraperitoneal (i.p.) hormone treatment were assessed at varying times by injection of [3H]leucine i.p. and determination of 3H-labeled protein in tissues after an additional 1.5 hr. Incorporation of [3H]leucine in lumbar DRG and hindlimb bud was markedly stimulated by either hormone. T3 and T4 effects were both maximal at 0.3 nmol/g body wt although, as examined in lumbar DRG, the response to T4 was more rapid and of lesser magnitude than that to T3. By contrast, incorporation in tail DRG and tail muscle was significantly depressed in response to T3 and was unaffected by T4. Co-injection of T3 and T4 (either 1:1 or 1:6 as occurs during the peak surge of circulating thyroid hormones during metamorphic climax) did not produce an additive effect; the hindlimb bud response was reduced while the lumbar DRG, tail DRG and tail muscle responses to the individual hormones were virtually eliminated. The present data suggest that the responses of lumbar and tail sensory neurons to thyroid hormones parallel the responses of their peripheral target tissues.

Animals↗