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Biomedical subjects

M Aihara

Publications and source records attributed to M Aihara.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Apoptotic index as a biomarker in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer.

Chemoprevention trials in prostate cancer would involve excessively long follow-up if conventional endpoints of efficacy are used. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) may be an appropriate surrogate endpoint for monitoring outcome during prostate cancer chemoprevention studies. To address the question of whether PIN could be stratified into "stable" PIN and PIN likely to progress to invasive cancer, we selected patients with a single focus of peripheral zone cancer with ipsilateral and contralateral high-grade PIN. Sixteen patients met these criteria from a series of 550 patients treated by radical prostatectomy. We examined the rate of apoptosis in PIN and prostate cancer tissues by quantifying the number of apoptotic bodies per hundred cells (apoptotic index) on hematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections. Significant differences (ANOVA: p < 0.05) were detected between foci of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia contralateral to the cancer and the cancer itself. There was no difference in the apoptotic index between a given cancer and a focus of PIN ipsilateral to the tumor in the same section. However, the range of apoptotic indices overlapped in all categories. Apoptotic indices appear to parallel the biological activity of PIN and malignant prostatic tissue, but may be of little benefit when used alone in monitoring the outcome of chemopreventive therapy in an individual patient.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of long-term application of bunazosin hydrochloride eye drops on the aqueous flow rate and blood-aqueous barrier permiability in rabbit eyes].

We investigated the effects of long-term instillation of bunazosin hydrochloride--alpha 1 specific adrenergic antagonist--on the aqueous humor dynamics and blood-aqueous barrier in rabbit eyes. We examined intraocular pressure, aqueous flow rate, and blood-aqueous barrier permiability for albumin after four weeks application of 0.05% bunazosin. The effect of bunazosin on blood-aqueous barrier destruction by laser iridophotocoagulation was also examined. During four weeks, bunazosin reduced the intraocular pressure by 1.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg (mean +/- SEM). Continuous application of bunazosin had no significant influence on aqueous flow rate and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit albumin (FITC-Alb) concentration in the anterior chamber. Bunazosin had no effect on the rise of the FITC-Alb concentration after iris photocoagulation, but the intraocular pressure in bunazosin treated eyes was significantly lower than in control eyes one hour after photocoagulation.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

[Visual field defects in normal tension glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma. Comparison in the late stage of disease].

To compare the visual field defects in the late stage of disease between normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), measurements taken with the 30-2 and 10-2 threshold program of the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer were analysed by statistical methods including logistic discriminant analysis. Thirty-four eyes of 34 NTG cases and 63 eyes of 63 POAG cases whose mean deviation (MD) given by STATPAC was equal to or less than -15 dB were included and there was no significant difference in MD, refraction, or age between the two groups. The analyses demonstrated that the upper arcuate area was significantly more depressed in POAG and the inferior Bjerrum area was significantly more depressed in NTG eyes. It was also shown that the lower papillo-macular area was less affected in NTG than in POAG eyes.

Discriminant Analysis↗
PubMed1993

[Changes in 31P-MR spectroscopy in murine experimental tumor (SCC VII) after irradiation].

Changes in the phosphate metabolism of transplanted squamous cell carcinoma VII (SCC VII) tumor were studied after irradiation using in vivo 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The results were as follows. 1) Phosphocreatine (PCr), gamma-,alpha- and beta-ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphomonoester (PME) and phosphodiester (PDE) were detected in 31P-MR spectroscopy of SCC VII solid tumor. 2) 31P-MRS parameters, including PCr, beta-ATP, PCr/Pi, beta-ATP, beta-ATP/Pi and pH, increased after irradiation, then decreased with tumor regrowth. 3) Pi, PME and PDE decreased transiently after irradiation, and thereafter increased gradually. 4) PCr/Pi showed the most remarkable increase (p < 0.05) of all parameters following irradiation. Therefore, it may be employed as a therapeutic index in radiation therapy. Because PCr/Pi decreased again after irradiation prior to regrowth of tumor, it may be used to predict tumor regrowth. From these results, it was suggested that 31P-MRS was useful for monitoring the effects of radiation therapy, and regrowth after irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Study on the suppressive effect of iodine-enriched egg on LT-C4 production in arachidonic acid-induced ear inflammation.

The anti-inflammatory mechanism of iodine-enriched egg was investigated in mice by means of arachidonic acid-induced ear inflammation. The lipid fraction of iodine-enriched egg was capable of suppressing the increase in ear weight induced by arachidonic acid in a dose-dependent manner. The lipid fraction was further separated into neutral and polar lipid fractions. Of these two fractions, only the neutral lipid fraction was capable of suppressing LT-C4 production in arachidonic acid inflammation. Neither the neutral nor polar lipid fractions of ordinary egg, however, showed any anti-inflammatory effect. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of iodine-enriched egg is present in the neutral lipid fraction, and its mechanism is assumed to be inhibition of LT-C4 production.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Detection of endothelin 1,2 and endothelin-like immunoreactant in wound surface and plasma in mice with thermal injury.

Endothelin is a well known vasoconstrictive peptides produced by endothelial cells and has been reported to regulate the systemic circulation. The authors investigated changes in endothelin in plasma and the surface of wounds induced with thermal injury using an experimental ear burn model in mice. At 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after thermal injury the plasma endothelin-like immunoreactant levels were 1.50 +/- 0.21, 1.86 +/- 0.36, 2.81 +/- 0.55, 2.62 +/- 0.27, 1.54 +/- 0.14 and 1.25 +/- 0.19 fmol/ml (N = 8), respectively. Endothelin-like immunoreactant levels in the plasma increased gradually until 30 minutes after the thermal injury. Endothelin-like immunoreactant content in the ear before thermal injury and at 60 minutes after injury were 7.04 +/- 0.64 and 8.61 +/- 1.24 fmol/ear (N = 8), respectively. The change in endothelin-like immunoreactant after thermal injury originated from endothelin 1,2; that is, the endothelin-1,2 content of the burned ear increased significantly 15 and 60 minutes after thermal injury to 12.52 +/- 0.68 and 11.58 +/- 1.04 fmol/ear, respectively, compared with 1.78 +/- 0.91 fmol/ear (N = 8) obtained before injury. These results suggested that endothelin 1,2 existed in the region of the wound caused by thermal injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Phase I/II trial of didanosine (2',3'-dideoxyinosine) in hemophiliac patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex.

Forty-three hemophiliacs with AIDS or ARC received a daily dose of 334 or 500 mg didanosine (2',3'-dideoxyinosine or ddI) orally in 2 divided doses in phase I/II, open-label clinical trial conducted in Japan. Twenty-eight patients completed 6 months of therapy. There was an increase in circulating CD4(+) cells in 19 valuable patients from 91 +/- 25 (mean +/- SE) at entry to 131 +/- 38 at 24 weeks of therapy P = 0.01; Wilcoxon signed rank). Fourteen of 37 patients met the criteria for CD4 rise >/= 50/mm3 rise or >/= 50% increase from entry values) for more than 4 consecutive weeks. Twenty patients were p24 positive at entry. Nine out of the 10 evaluable patients (90%) showed a decline in p24 antigen at weeks 20-24 (P = 0.02). Thirty-five patients had symptoms related to HIV-1 infection at entry. Twenty-seven patients reported improvements in constitutional symptoms during therapy. Nine patients presented with possible drug-related adverse effects, and didanosine was discontinued in 6 patients (one each with edema; abdominal pain with anorexia; hematuria with edema and rash; sense of abdominal distension with anorexia; diarrhea and abdominal pain; and irritability). One patient had a transient increase in serum amylase level to twice the upper limit of normal, but he continued to receive the drug. These data suggest that didanosine was generally well tolerated in hemophiliacs with AIDS or ARC, and its administration correlated with improvement in constitutional symptoms and laboratory findings. The adverse effects of didanosine seen in this population were moderate to mild, and no complications related to hemorrhagic diathesis were observed, although the relative risk of acute pancreatitis in this population (while not seen in the present study to date) requires more study.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Diurnal variation in intraocular pressure of normal-tension glaucoma eyes.

BACKGROUND: The nature of intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) has not been studied in detail, although the information on the IOP is indispensable for diagnosis and treatment of NTG. METHODS: After at least six IOP measurements at daytime clinic, diurnal IOP was measured at 10:00 AM, 12:00 noon, 2:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00 PM, 12:00 midnight, and at 3:00, 6:00, 8:00, and 10:00 AM by 1-day hospitalization in 118 NTG suspects. Four subjects with peak IOPs exceeding 21 mmHg were diagnosed as primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) whose eyes all had mean clinic IOPs above 16 mmHg. The remaining 114 patients were diagnosed as having NTG, and their right eye data were used for analysis. RESULTS: The rhythmic nature of the diurnal IOP of NTG was analyzed by fitting the data to a cosine curve. In 54.4% of the eyes, the correlation between the measured IOP and the values predicted from the cosine curve was significant (r > 0.60, P < 0.05), and the equation, diurnal IOP = 13.9 + 1.7 cos 2 pi (t/24-0.40) mmHg, which was similar to that reported in normals, was obtained. Multiple regression analysis showed that the mean diurnal IOP was best predicted with the mean of the six clinic IOPs and systolic blood pressure (R2 = 0.67), and the peak diurnal IOP with the mean of six clinic IOPs (R2 = 0.50). The estimate fell within +/- 1 and +/- 2 mmHg of the actual value in 83% and 96% of the left eyes for the former and in 69% and 93% for the latter, respectively. No eyes with peak diurnal IOP exceeding 21 mmHg were overlooked with the cutoff IOP of 16 mmHg. CONCLUSION: The mean and peak diurnal IOP could be predicted with the mean of clinic IOPs.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1993

The sticker-type temperature indicator in digital replantation: simplified application.

A sticker-type skin-surface temperature indicator, commercially available in Japan, has been utilized to monitor temperature changes in replanted digits. In clinical application, the authors evaluated several shortcomings in some of these devices. For example, the 10-mm diameter indicator is too small for numbers to be seen clearly. The 18-mm diameter indicator is too large to patch onto the finger pulp. To improve this device, the authors used only the number 33 from the 18-mm diameter indicator and applied it to several study subjects. Judgments about the circulatory status of the replanted digit can be made on the basis of the indicator color. The 18-mm diameter indicator, now modified to use only the number 33, is in common use for all the authors' digital replantation cases. Clinicians' ability to see critical temperature changes has been markedly improved, even under poor lighting conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A case of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma treated successfully with MACOP-B.

A case of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma successfully treated by MACOP-B therapy is described. The patient was a 43-year-old man with reddish tumors measuring 3 to 7 cm in diameter on the right cheek and the post-auricles. Histopathologically, massive infiltrations of medium-sized atypical lymphoid cells were found in the reticular dermis and subcutis. A clear zone beneath the epidermis was also detected. The atypical lymphoid cells were positive for CD19, CD20, CD22 and HLA-DR but negative for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD10, CD43, CD45RO and CDw75. The patient was treated successfully with the MACOP-B protocol from March of 1990 to May of 1990. Since April of 1990, he has been free of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma--a clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical study.

Eleven cases of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) were studied. The ages at presentation ranged from 34 to 79 years (mean = 59.9 years). Six patients were female and five male. Five of the 11 patients had a solitary tumour and the other six had multiple tumours at initial presentation. According to Burg's classification, six cases were at stage I, two stage II, two stage III and one was at stage IV at initial presentation. Abnormalities in laboratory data were rare, except for serum lactic dehydrogenase values. Epidermotropism was not detected, and the area mainly affected by neoplastic cells was the reticular dermis (seven cases) and subcutis (four cases). Biopsy specimens from the patients analysed by immunohistochemical techniques on paraffin or cryostat sections showed CD20 and/or CD22 positivity. Biopsy specimens from two patients which showed CD10 positivity were diffuse large cell types by the working formulation and presented as pre-B-cell lymphoma. At least two groups of CBCL were demonstrable on the basis of prognosis. One was a benign low-grade lymphoma presenting with solitary tumours, mature B-cell markers and intermediate-grade pathology, and the other was a high-grade lymphoma with multiple tumours, pre-B-cell or mature B-cell markers and a poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ultrasonic detection of non-palpable seminal vesicle invasion: a clinicopathological study.

In an effort to identify reliable criteria for detecting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) with transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in patients with clinically localised prostate cancer, we reviewed the pre-operative sonograms in 230 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy; 49 patients (21%) had pathologically confirmed SVI. Conventional sonographic criteria for SVI (asymmetry, distension, atrophy, abnormal echogenicity and irregularity in outline) were present in 58 patients, but only 16 (28%) had pathologically confirmed SVI. On the basis of the results of a preliminary comparison of radical prostatectomy specimens and TRUS, we had revised our criteria for the recognition of SVI: (1) a hypoechoic lesion at the base of the prostate (within 10 mm of the seminal vesicle); (2) an "adhesion sign" resulting from the loss of the echo reflections from the normal fat plane between the prostate and the seminal vesicle; (3) "posterior convexity" of the seminal vesicles. When we reviewed the 230 sonograms retrospectively, we found a hypoechoic tumour at the base in 70 patients, of whom 37 had SVI (positive predictive value (PPV) 53%). An adhesion sign was found in 16 patients, 12 of whom had SVI (PPV 75%). Posterior convexity was present in 4 patients, all of whom had SVI. If any one of our sonographic signs was present, the overall accuracy (83%), sensitivity (90%) and positive predictive value (51%) were significantly better than with any one of the conventional criteria. Patients with SVI were also more likely to have a high serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. The PPV for SVI of a PSA level > or = 10 ng/ml was 38%. If the PSA was > 10 ng/ml and TRUS was positive (> or = 1 of our sonographic criteria), 16 (62%) of 26 patients had SVI. If the PSA was < 10 ng/ml and TRUS was negative, only 3 (3%) of 86 patients had SVI. It was concluded that the conventional criteria for detecting SVI on ultrasonography are not accurate in patients with early stage prostate cancer. There are, however, reliable criteria that predict SVI with reasonable accuracy and these criteria, combined with the serum PSA levels, can stratify patients into those with a low risk and those with a high risk of SVI.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prevention and control of nosocomial infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a premature infant ward--preventive effect of a povidone-iodine wipe of neonatal skin.

In early 1983 we experienced a small scale epidemic of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase type IV in the premature infants unit. Children had bacteraemia or impetigo. The microorganism was resistant to methicillin, erythromycin and lincomycin and was susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefmetazole. The results of coagulase typing and antimicrobial sensitivities indicated that these cases represented nosocomial infection with MRSA. The source and route of the infection were investigated, and measures were taken to prevent bacterial spread from carriers and to keep instruments and environments clean. As the source of infection was not identified, we tried wiping the body surface of the premature infants with a diluted IsodineR solution (10% povidone-iodine; 1:100 dilution) in order to prevent colonization of the microorganism on the body surface. As a result, no additional MRSA infection occurred in the premature infant unit. During the subsequent 6 years of frequent surveys of carriers and wiping the appropriate body surface with diluted IsodineR solution we have had no recurrence of MRSA. None of the premature infants wiped with IsodineR solution showed any objective abnormalities, although laboratory testing disclosed an elevated blood iodine level and a transient mild reduction of T4 in some infants.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Serial MRI in Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy.

Serial MRI of the brain of a female infant with Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is presented. Initial MRI revealed diffuse abnormal signal in the cerebral white matter extending peripherally. On follow-up studies, the abnormal signals disappeared or decreased from the posterior to anterior, and from central to peripheral. These changes in signal intensity correlate well with the process of myelination as demonstrated in histochemical studies. It appears that the abnormal signals in FCMD are caused by delayed myelination. When abnormal signal intensity is seen in the cerebral white matter of a developmentally delayed infant, serial MRI may be used to follow the course of the illness.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1992

In vitro and in vivo activity of murine lymphokine-activated killer cells after cryopreservation.

The in vitro and in vivo effects of cryopreservation on the cytotoxic activity of murine lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were studied. LAK cells were generated by incubation of spleen lymphocytes of BALB/c mice for 3 days with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and subsequent cryopreservation. Cytotoxicity was determined in a 51Cr release assay. After thawing, cytotoxic activity was reduced (40.4% 51Cr release at an effector:target cell ratio of 40:1 as compared to 68.5% 51Cr release before freezing) and could be restored to precryopreserved levels by reincubation with rIL-2 for 2 days after thawing (78.8% 51Cr release). These cells were then tested in BALB/c mice injected with RAW 112 cells, a pre-B-cell lymphoma line. The results demonstrate that the survival rate of mice injected with cryopreserved and restimulated LAK cells (50% survival greater than 180 days after injection) did not differ significantly from that of mice injected with fresh unfrozen LAK cells (60% survival greater than 120 days, 50% survival greater than 180 days). Cryopreserved LAK cells have potential use in adoptive immunotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

In vitro anti-tumor activity of anti-c-erbB-2 x anti-CD3 epsilon bifunctional monoclonal antibody.

With the aim of developing an effective cancer immunotherapy for common epithelial cancer, a new class of bifunctional antibody (BFA) was developed; one arm of this BFA recognized c-erbB-2 gene product, and the other arm recognized CD3 epsilon, a T-cell specific surface antigen. Application of this BFA with human peripheral blood lymphocytes exhibited specific anti-tumor activity in vitro on a breast tumor cell line, ZR-75-1, which expressed abundant c-erbB-2 gene product on its cell surface. These results indicate that BFA recognizing an oncogene product on cell surface is a potential new agent for cancer immunotherapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

[Study of prognostic factors and estimation of prognosis in patients with fungemia].

INTRODUCTION: The estimation of prognosis is necessary in the treatment of fungemia because of its high mortality rate. We studied prognostic factors and estimated prognosis by scoring clinical and laboratory findings in 41 patients with fungemia treated at Tenri Hospital between 1976 and 1990. RESULTS: Although the mortality rate was low (33%) in 18 patients in whom the route of infection had been an intravenous catheter or the urinary tract, it was high (91%) in 23 patients with other or unknown route of infection. The risk of death was high in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), shock (systolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg), malnutrition (cholinesterase < 0.05 delta pH and albumin < or = 3.0 g/dl), renal failure (urea-N > or = 30 mg/dl and creatinine > or = 3.0 mg/dl), neutropenia (neutrophils < or = 500/microliters) or advanced age (age > or = 60 years old). Application scoring system taking into account of the presence or absence of DIC or shock, the degree of malnutrition, renal failure and neutropenia, and age (20 possible points) in 36 patients revealed that the scores of the 23 patients who died significantly different from those of the 13 survivors; score was less than 6 in every survivor (100%), while it was more than 6 in twenty-two (96%) of the patients who died. Seven of 10 patients with persistent fungal infection had greater than 15. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of patients with fungemia is adversely influenced by the presence of DIC, shock, malnutrition, renal failure, neutropenia and advanced age, and the scoring of these clinical and laboratory findings is useful in the estimation of prognosis and detection of persistent fungal infection in these patients.

Adult↗