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M Aihara

Publications and source records attributed to M Aihara.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of proposed criteria of disk susceptibility testing for tosufloxacin and lomefloxacin in NCCLS guidelines and WHO standards].

Disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoint criteria for Tosufloxacin and Lomefloxacin were tentatively established by correlating MICs with 1-, 5- and 10 micrograms of Tosufloxacin disk inhibitory zone diameters and with 10 micrograms of Lomefloxacin disk of those to 418 clinical isolates representing 32 species. We recommend 5 micrograms disks for Tosufloxacin with the following breakpoints: Susceptible (MIC, less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml), greater than or equal to 22 mm; intermediate, 17 to 21 mm; and resistant (MIC, greater than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml), less than or equal to 16 mm. We recommend 10 micrograms disks for Lomefloxacin with the following breakpoints: Susceptible (MIC, less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml), greater than or equal to 21 mm; intermediate, 16 to 20 mm; and resistant (MIC, greater than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml), less than or equal to 15 mm. Using these criteria for Tosufloxacin and Lomefloxacin, the occurrence rate of major errors in judging susceptibility and resistance was 0.48%.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship of the office intraocular pressure (IOP) to diurnal fluctuation of IOP in low-tension glaucoma: a multivariate analysis].

In 288 eyes of 114 low-tension glaucoma (LTG) patients, the mean, peak, trough and magnitude of the diurnal fluctuation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) determined over a period of 24 hours (diurnal IOP) were correlated with the IOPs recorded at the daytime office (office IOP), refraction, extent of visual field loss, age, sex, blood pressure and obesity index by the method of multivariate analysis. Only the mean office IOP was found to have a statistically significant contribution for estimating the mean, peak and trough of the diurnal IOP with the proportion (R) of 0.71 0.67 and 0.68 respectively. Furthermore, an analysis of the IOP data obtained from 118 LTG suspects using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that a patient whose peak diurnal IOP exceeds 21 mmHg could be detected with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 46% if around-the-clock IOP measurements were carried out in patients whose mean office IOP are above 16 mmHg at least in one eye. In view of high prevalence of LTG in Japanese, estimation of mean diurnal IOP from mean office IOP and exclusion of primary open angle glaucoma using the mean office IOP of 16 mmHg as a cutoff IOP level are thought to be clinically useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A combined approach for purging multidrug-resistant leukemic cell lines in bone marrow using a monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy.

Selective removal of malignant cells (purging) from bone marrow (BM) is a concern in autologous BM transplantation (ABMT). Use of vincristine, etoposide, or doxorubicin for purging could be rendered ineffective by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells. To circumvent this particular problem, we investigated whether 17F9, a monoclonal IgG2b antibody directed against the cell surface product of the MDR gene, P-glycoprotein, is effective in selective removal of MDR cells from BM when used with rabbit complement (C'). Using two different cell lines we have demonstrated that 17F9 + C' selectively lyses MDR-positive cells. Three rounds of antibody + C' resulted in 96.4% +/- 3.6% kill of K562/DOX and 100% +/- 0% of CEM/VLB cells. Mixtures of malignant cells and normal BM resulted in 99.85% removal of K562/DOX and 99.91% removal of CEM/VLB clonogenic cells. This treatment did not affect normal committed precursors compared with C' alone. The addition of the cytotoxic agent etoposide (VP-16) following antibody purging results in a 4.6 log reduction of malignant cells. Furthermore, this antibody was effective when used against patients' leukemic blasts. These results suggest the use of 17F9 + C' is effective and selective for removal of MDR cells from BM before ABMT and the addition of VP-16 enhances the purging efficacy.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1991

Content and distribution pattern of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in the hypothalamus of neonatally estrogenized female rats.

The rostro-caudal distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in the hypothalamus of neonatally estrogenized (10 micrograms EB for 1-5 days), sterile female rats was compared with that of cycling rats at 50, 100 and 240 days of age. Serial slices of 400 microns in thickness in total were cut from a hypothalamic block, and the LHRH content of each slice was measured by radioimmunoassay. Two peaks of LHRH in the rostro-caudal direction were apparent in all groups. The rostral peak corresponded to the LHRH-producing cells in the septal-preoptic region and storage of LHRH in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT), while the caudal peak corresponded to that of LHRH in the median eminence. Thus, the total LHRH content of the regions of the hypothalamus was calculated separately either anterior or posterior to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which were designated as the rostral hypothalamus (RH) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), respectively. The total content of LHRH in the 50-day-old sterile rats was significantly higher than that in the estrous females in both RH and MBH. This was also true for the MBH of 240-day-old sterile females in comparison to that of estrous females but not so in 100-day-old females. The present results suggest that sterility in neonatally estrogenized rats is not due to a reduction in LHRH content of the hypothalamus but, rather, is due to changes in LHRH-releasing systems. Furthermore, in the control females, ovariectomy performed at 22 days of age induced a striking decrease in LHRH content in the MBH at 50 days of age, while it remained unchanged after ovariectomy in the neonatally estrogenized sterile rats. These findings suggest that the hypothalamic mechanism involved in the release of LHRH after ovariectomy was damaged by neonatal treatment with estrogen.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical and pathological study of 34 patients with isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in stool culture].

Clinical and pathological findings of 34 patients with isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from stools during the past one and half a year were studied. Twenty-three patients (68%) had internal diseases and the remaining were postoperative patients (32%). Thirty-three patients (97%) had diarrhea, and properties of the stools were watery in twenty-four and mushy in nine. The degrees of fever, leukocytosis and increase of serum C-reactive protein as inflammatory signs were various, and these had no relation with severity of diarrhea. Diarrhea preceded MRSA infection of organs except for the digestive tract in 7 patients (21%) and appeared alone in 14 patients (41%). These results indicate that closed observation of the stool was very important for early diagnosis of MRSA enterocolitis. C. difficile were isolated in 17 patients (50%) and there were many patients whom C. difficile took part in diarrhea. We should take notice of this organism on stool culture and therapy of diarrhea. Twenty-seven patients (79%) improved and 7 patients (21%) died. Three patients who did had MRSA enterocolitis as one of the cause of death. This shows that early diagnosis and therapy are important and fundamental therapy are the attempt of improvement of the general condition and appropriate use of antibiotics. Pathologically most the common finding was edema of the colon, which was found in 4 of five autopsied patients, and specific findings were not observed. As other findings, edema and bleeding of ileum and multiple erosion of the colon were found in one, bleeding of the colon in one, and neutrophil infiltration and pseudomembrane of the colon in one with isolation of C. difficile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Isolation of enteropathogenic microorganism from patients with infection of the digestive tract during 1976 to 1988 in Tenri Hospital].

Enteropathogenic microorganisms isolated from feces of 9,393 patients with diarrhea or enteritis in our hospital between 1976 and 1988 were analyzed. As the result of the examination of 5,443 outpatients, 1,811 strains of pathogens were isolated from 1,686 cases (31.0%). Several species including Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli serotype, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, were isolated before 1978, and the incidence of pathogens was low (14.8%). For the 10-year period since 1979, the incidence markedly increased to 34.4%, and the number of pathogens isolated also increased to about twice that before 1978. The main cause of the increase was Campylobacter species. The major pathogens detected since 1979 were Campylobacter spp., E. coli serotype, Salmonella spp., V. parahaemolyticus, etc., but Rota virus, Clostridium difficile, Aeromonas spp., Vibrio fluvialis, etc. have also been detected, showing an increase in the number and diversity of the detected pathogens. As the result of the examination of 3,950 inpatients, 835 strains of pathogens were isolated from 800 cases (20.3%). The incidence of C. difficile was the highest, 423 of 800, followed by E. coli serotype, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., V. parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas spp., in that order. All the inpatients from whom C. difficile was isolated manifested diarrhea or enteritis after administration of antimicrobial agents. The pathogens causing communicable disease were Salmonella spp. serovar Typhi, Salmonella spp. serovar Paratyphi A, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei and Entamoeba histolytica, which were isolated from 5, 1, 3, 2 and inpatients, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombocytopenia: successful treatment with high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin.

A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed as having blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Hematological data showed typical DIC: PT 13.2 sec, activated PTT 55.3 sec, fibrinogen 20 mg/100 ml, FDP-E 928 ng/ml, D-dimer 3,477 ng/ml, platelet count 25 x 10(3)/microliters. Although hypofibrinogenemia was successfully controlled by the continuous infusion of heparin, 10,000 units/day, thrombocytopenia has continued. Based on shortened platelet life span, high level of platelet associated IgG, and increased number of megakaryocyte in the bone marrow, the thrombocytopenia was thought to be due to antiplatelet antibody. Her platelet count returned to normal after intravenous infusion of high-dose gamma globulin (IVIg, Sandoz) at the dose of 400 mg/kg for 2-5 days, while corticosteroid, Gabexate mesilate, synthetic thrombin inhibitor MD-805, urinastatin and warfarin had no effect. Thus, DIC or thrombocytopenia may become a serious complication in some patients with BRBNS and IVIg may be useful for correcting thrombocytopenia in the patient.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗
PubMed1991

[Orthostatic purpura: report of two cases].

Two patients with orthostatic purpura were reported. Case 1: A 47-year-old man was admitted to our institution because of multiple purpuric eruptions over the legs after the long periods of sitting or standing. Bleeding time was 4.0 min. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP was disaggregated and no aggregation was observed when induced by collagen and epinephrine. He was diagnosed as having release abnormality of the platelets caused by glutathione administered for treatment of liver damage for several years. Purpura, however, appeared even though platelet function became normal after discontinuing glutathione. Purpura proved to be induced by the long periods of sitting or standing. Case 2: A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of purpuric eruptions over the legs for three years. Bleeding time was 2.0 min. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen and ristocetin was normal. Purpura was caused by long periods of standing without movement. Wearing elastic pantyhose showed reduced appearance of the purpura. Biopsy specimens from both patients revealed no abnormal findings. Both patients had no abnormal results in coagulation studies. Purpura seemed to be caused by the increased capillary pressure after the prolonged periods of standing. No case report concerning orthostatic purpura or mechanical purpura has been published.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinicopathological study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detected by pulmonary microbial culture in autopsied cases].

Microbial culture of lung specimens from 569 autopsied cases from 1986 to 1989 revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 28 cases, which were subsequently analyzed clinicopathologically. The number of MRSA positive cases has markedly increased in recent years (2 cases in 1986, 2 in 1987, 6 in 1988, 18 in 1989). The most frequent underlying disease was neoplasm, which was seen in 17 cases. Of non-neoplastic diseases, liver cirrhosis and diffuse panbronchiolitis were prevalent. Twenty-four cases had received a course of antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics frequently administered were third-generation Cephem and Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (used in 20 cases). Antibiotics o which MRSA was sensitive were administered in only one case (minocycline). Sputum culture was performed in only 10 cases, 5 of which were MRSA positive. MRSA had acquired resistance to fosfomycin and ofloxacin. Histological examination revealed complication by pneumonia in 19 cases. In 7 of these 19 cases, MRSA was the only pathogen detected. Pulmonary MRSA infection detected at autopsy is frequently seen in patients with terminal stage cancer, but it is frequently not diagnosed and is undertreated. This may be a factor responsible for the recent marked increase in the proportion of MRSA in pathogens causing infection within medical institutions.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1991

[Severely retarded children in a defined area of Japan--prevalence rate, associated disabilities and causes].

We studied all severely retarded children in a defined area of Japan. The area is a small and rural prefecture with the total population of 880,000. The population of children aged 6-14 years was 102,000. The number of severely retarded children (those who neither walk nor have IQs over 35) was 50. The prevalence rate was 0.49/1,000 and its 95% confidence interval was 0.36-0.65. The rate was significantly lower than that has been reported 20 years ago from another prefecture in Japan. Among the cases, children with very severe retardation (those who are bedridden with their IQs less than 20) accounted for 66% and children who were institutionalized for permanent care accounted for 46%. Association of several disabilities was as follows: cerebral palsy 62%, epilepsy 82%, decreased visual acuity 42%, respiratory distress 16%, and feeding difficulty 32%. The causes of prenatal origin accounted for about two-thirds of the total causes. We concluded that the prevalence rate of severely retarded children is becoming lower in Japan and that the prenatal factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Multiple sclerosis with higher cerebral dysfunction: a case report].

Higher cerebral dysfunctions such as aphasia, apraxia and agnosia have seldom been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). 12 year-old right-handed boy felt unsteadiness of the body and headache for several days. Two months later, he had the same episode and complained of visual disturbance, and weakness and sensory disturbance on the face and the extremities. Additionally, he showed amnestic aphasia, acalculia, ideomotor apraxia, finger agnosia and right-left disorientation. Cerebrospinal fluid examinations revealed increases IgG, myelin basic protein and neuron specific enolase (11%, 25 ng/ml and 28.8 ng/ml, respectively). X-ray CT scan and MRI-CT examinations revealed sclerotic lesions on the left parietal white matter and the right mid-brain. The diagnosis was made as MS. He was treated with m-PSL (methyl-prednisolone) pulse therapy for three weeks and consecutively treated with PSL for four weeks. He recovered gradually, but visual disturbance and facial palsy remained. After seven months MRI-CT showed a high signal intensity on the left parietal white matter in spite of the disappearance of the lesion on X-ray CT scan. We suggest that these higher cerebral dysfunctions may result from the lesion of the left parietal white matter which produces a disconnection between each cortical area.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1990

Sulfhydryl drug-induced eruption: a clinical and histological study.

Sulfhydryl drug-induced skin eruptions were studied clinically and histologically in 23 patients. In this study, tiopronin, D-penicillamine, captopril and gold sodium thiomalate were considered to be sulfhydryl drugs, because they have a thiol group or release sulfhydryl compounds. The clinical features included skin eruptions that were maculopapular, erythema multiforme-like, eczematous, psoriasis-like, seborrheic dermatitis-like, Gibert-like, lichen planus-like, and pemphigus-like. These clinical findings were reminiscent of the wide variety of eruptions seen in cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR). Histologically, areas of vacuolation and eosinophilic necrosis with a satellite infiltrate of lymphoid cells were seen in the epidermis, and perivascular infiltrates were noted in the dermis. These findings were similar to the histological picture of cutaneous GVHR. In skin tests with sulfhydryl compounds, 19 out of 20 subjects showed positive reactions, and autoantibodies were found in 8 out of 12 subjects tested. Sulfhydryl drugs seem likely to induce immunologic changes in the host and to produce a distinctive reaction similar to that of cutaneous GVHR.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Generalized rash induced by sulfhydryl drug in guinea pigs--a comparative study on it with cephalothin-induced rash in guinea pigs.

Adverse reactions produced by sulfhydryl compounds with active thiol groups have generally formed a distinctive pattern in man when they are viewed as a class. It has been reported that cutaneous SH-induced drug eruptions have a wide variety of clinical presentations; histologically, they show a pattern of eosinophilic necrosis and/or satellite necrosis similar to that seen in cutaneous graft vs host reactions. In the present experiments, guinea pigs were sensitized with cephalothin (CET) and thiol compounds such as tiopronin (TP), D-penicillamine, gold sodium thiomalate or thiomalate, using a method similar to that described previously. In lymphocyte stimulation tests, lymph node cells from the sensitized animals responded positively to spleen cells pulsed with each thiol compound. Intracutaneous tests revealed some positive reactions to each thiol compound; there was a tendency to produce a tuberculin type reaction with indurated erythema rather than the Jones-Mote type seen in CET-induced reactions. The dose-requirements for positive intracutaneous tests and generalized rash (GR) due to thiol compounds were lower than for CET, which required relatively large doses. Histologically, infiltration of basophilic cells was prominent in the skin lesions induced by intracutaneous tests with CET and in those of CET-induced GR. On the other hand, intracutaneous tests with TP following the induction of TP-induced GR revealed eosinophilic degeneration of epidermal cells, which was similar to the eosinophilic necrosis seen in cutaneous GVHR. Intracutaneous tests after the induction of CET-GR did not show any eosinophilic changes in the epidermal cells. These findings are reminiscent of the characteristics of eruptions induced by thiol compounds in man, which differ from the eruptions induced by CET.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of skin test reactions in patients with non-immediate type drug eruptions.

Skin test reactions were evaluated in 242 patients who appeared to develop delayed type drug eruptions from the clinical course. The patch testing was positive in 62 (31.5%) of 197 patients tested and the intradermal testing in 105 (89.7%) of 117 patients. The positive ratios of intradermal testing were higher in maculopapular (MP), erythema multiforme (EM), and erythrodermic (ED) types than in eczematous (Ecz) type drug eruptions, while those of patch testing were comparatively high in ED, Ecz type, and anticonvulsant-induced drug eruptions. It is considered that the combination of patch testing and intradermal testing is useful for determination of causative drugs in delayed type drug eruptions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Prevention and control of nosocomial infection caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in premature infant ward--prevention effect of "povidone iodine solution" wipe of neonatal skin].

In January 1983, a number of premature infants under management in the premature infants' unit of our hospital were found to have bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus. By the end of February of the same year, 4 of these infants, who had been treated in the same unit, developed impetigo. The S. aureus responsible for this condition was classified as type IV by a coagulase typing. In a subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility test using the disk diffusion method, this microorganism was found to be resistant to methicillin, erythromycin and lincomycin, and to be susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefmetazole, indicating that it was a methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Because the result from the coagulase typing agreed with the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in all cases, we concluded that these cases represented nosocomial infection with MRSA. The source and route of the infection were investigated, and measures taken to prevent bacterial spread from carriers and to keep instruments and environments clean. Although the source of infection was not identified. Then, we tried wiping the body surface of the premature infants with an Isodine solution (10% PVP-I, 1:100 dilution) in order to prevent colonization of the microorganism on the body surface. With this application+, MRSA was no longer detected from the body surface of the premature infants, and no additional MRSA infection occurred in the premature infants' unit. Data collected for premature infants' managed at our hospital in the subsequent 6 years allows us to conclude that MRSA infection can be almost completely controlled by frequent surveys of carriers and appropriate body surface wiping with Isodine solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of estrogen receptor in estrogen-dependent transplantable rat pituitary tumor MtT/F84.

Properties of nuclear and cytosolic estrogen receptors (ERs) were examined in a new transplantable rat pituitary tumor designated as MtT/F84, of which growth is stimulated by estrogen. The optimal incubation conditions of both nuclear and cytosolic exchange were found to be at 37 degrees C for 15 min and at 25 degrees C for 2 hr, respectively. Molybdate increased a specific binding of estradiol (E2) as determined by [3H]E2-binding assay. Sucrose density gradient analyses of crude cytosol revealed specific peaks of radioactivity in both 4-5S and 8-10S areas. However, only a single 5S peak was present in 0.4M KCl-extractable nuclear ER. Molybdate also enhanced the stability of cytosolic 8-10S receptor in density gradient sedimentation behavior. Scatchard plot analysis for nuclear ER yielded a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.317 nM and the maximum number of binding sites (NBSmax) of 25.4 fmol/mg protein. Saturation analysis of [3H]estrogen binding to cytosolic ER also yielded a straight line with a Kd of 0.146 nM and NBSmax of 58.5 fmol/mg protein. The effect of E2 administration on the intracellular distribution of ER was also examined. A marked disappearance in the ER binding in cytosol with a concomitant increase in binding in nuclear fraction was found after the administration of the unlabeled E2 in vivo, whereas the total number of ER did not change. Thus, it is concluded that properties of ER in the MtT/F84 were very similar to those in other target organs such as uterus and pituitary gland.

Animals↗