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M Aihara

Publications and source records attributed to M Aihara.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Detection and identification method of three mycobacterium species and genus specific detection by polymerase chain reaction and DNA hybridization with alkaline phosphatase labeled oligonucleotide probe].

Rapid detection and identification method of mycobacteria from specimen with infected mycobacteriosis was established by the combination of polymerase chain reaction and alkaline phosphatase labeled oligonucleotide probe (PCR-ALPDH). We prepaired four kinds of probes: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium, M. intracellulare, and mycobacterial-probe other than tuberculosis. PCR-ALPDH was compared with conventional methods using 234 specimens which suspected mycobacteriosis. In culture, 68 specimens (29.1%) were positive and 166 specimens (70.9%) were negative. In PCR-ALPDH, 88 specimens (37.6%) were positive and 146 specimens (62.4%) were negative. In 68 specimens which were positive in culture, the agreement of results of conventional identification and PCR-ALPDH for each probes were: 39/40 (PCR-ALPDH/Culture, 97.5%) in M. tuberculosis 5/9 (55.6%) in M. avium, 6/6 (100%) in M. intracellulare and 22/28 (88.6%) in MOTT isolation. Among 166 negative culture specimens, 27 specimens were positive in PCR-ALPDH. The results indicated that PCR-ALPDH method was applicable for the establishment of rapid and sensitive mycobacterial diagnostic system.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

[Assay of specific anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies by ELISA method. 2. studies on clinical usefulness and serological diagnostic standards].

We measured anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) specific antibody titers by means of a newly-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method using an anti-C. pneumoniae specific antibody detection reagent. The clinical usefulness of this method was hereby evaluated. The IgG, IgA and IgM titers in 418 serum specimens obtained from patients with respiratory tract infections were measured by this new ELISA method, and the results were compared with the titers determined for the same specimens with the micro immunofluorescence (Micro-IF) method. The results showed good correlation coefficients for IgG, IgA and IgM. The two assay methods showed high agreement rates for positivity and for negativity. Specimens which did not yield the same results with the ELISA method and the Micro-IF method were subjected to analysis by the Western blot method, and the rates of agreement with the ELISA results were high. In addition, the child (0 approximately 15 yrs old; n = 122) and adult (16 approximately 90 yrs old; n = 133) cases were classified on the basis of being antigen-positive or antigen-negative at the initial examination, and their antibody-positive rates were determined. The adults showed no statistically significant differences in the antibody-positive rates for either IgG or IgA antibodies as a function of the pretreatment antigen status. However, the children showed statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences in the antibody-positive rates for both IgG and IgA antibodies as a function of the antigen status in the antigen-positive group compared with the rates in the antigen-negative group. Furthermore, the IgM-positive rates for the children were high in the antigen-positive group compared with the rates in the antigen-negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The IgM-positive rates in the adults were also significantly (p < 0.05) different between the antigen-positive group and the antigen-negative group. The Micro-IF method was applied to 34 specimens from antigen-positive patients, and 22 specimens were found to show an IgG titer of > or = 512 or an IgM titer of > or = 16. The diagnoses of these patients were acute respiratory disease in sixteen, pneumonia in four. Application of the ELISA-method to those 22 specimens showed all of them to exhibit IgG absorbance of > or = 0.6 and IgA absorbance of 0.2. The results described above indicate the clinical usefulness of our new ELISA method for the detection of antibodies specific for C. pneumoniae. The significance of this ELISA method for serological diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infections and the criteria for diagnosis of acute infections were also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A successful treatment with a continuous intravenous lidocaine for a cluster of minor seizures in a patient with Doose syndrome].

We reported a 7-year-old girl with myoclonic-astatic epilepsy of early childhood (Doose syndrome). She had minor seizures (i. e. absence, atonic and myoclonic seizures) refractory to treatment with many kinds of anti-epileptic drugs as well as thyrotropin releasing hormone. Though she had suffered from long-lasting clusters of minor seizures, the treatment with continuous intravenous lidocaine successfully brought a case of prolonged remission of both clinical seizures and EEG abnormalities. It has been reported that lidocaine is effective mainly for partial seizures. The efficacy of lidocaine for generalize seizures, however, has been reported only in a few papers. We considered that the treatment with continuous intravenous lidocaine is indicated in patients with Doose syndrome presenting with a cluster of refractory minor seizures.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[A new quantitative assay of heat shock protein 70 by based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method].

Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) was very important stress protein. HSP70 had been detected by immunoblotting or mRNA of HSP70. Our purpose is to develop an easy quantitative assay of HSP70 and utilize clinical samples, cells, tissues etc. We examined a new quantitative assay of HSP70 that was based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This quantitative assay showed reproducible standard curve, high reproducibility (CV : 7.1, 6.8%) and recovery (93 approximately 116%). The determination of HSP70 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by heat stress was assayed using this method. HSP70 in HUVEC increased according to the heat temperature. It is concluded that the quantity of HSP70 might be possible even in cells and tissues by this method.

Endothelium, Vascular↗
PubMed1995

DNA ploidy and clonal selection in ras + myc-induced mouse prostate cancer.

An important goal in prostate cancer research is to define specific molecular and cellular alterations that are associated with malignant progression. The mouse prostate reconstitution model is a relevant and useful system as it allows the study of early events in cancer progression under conditions where oncogene-initiated cells are surrounded by normal tissue. Using this model, activated ras and myc oncogenes are introduced into urogenital sinus cells via the recombinant retrovirus Zipras/myc 9. After 4 weeks' growth as subcapsular renal grafts, poorly differentiated carcinomas are produced in C57BL/6 mice. In this study we examined the temporal relationships between morphological alterations, growth, DNA ploidy status and clonal selection as determined by Southern blotting in ras + myc-initiated carcinomas. Nuclear image analysis demonstrated that the emergence of a cycling DNA tetraploid cell population strongly correlated with growth and histologic progression. These tightly linked events culminated in the outgrowth of mono- or oligoclonal cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The frequency of apoptosis correlates with the prognosis of Gleason Grade 3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

BACKGROUND: Although localized carcinomas are predominantly moderately differentiated (Gleason Grade 3), they demonstrate markedly different rates of progression. Previously, the authors reported a correlation between apoptosis and the malignant characteristics of carcinoma in the mouse prostate reconstitution model system and between apoptosis and Gleason grade in the human tumor. This study was undertaken to determine whether the frequency of apoptosis correlates with prognosis and to compare the prognostic significance of the apoptotic index with other prognostic features in Gleason Grade 3 carcinomas. METHODS: The apoptotic and mitotic indices of malignant and nonmalignant epithelium in 28 consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens were determined for a carcinomas composed entirely of Gleason sum 6 (primary Grade 3, secondary Grade 3) with a clinical stage T2 classification. Each patient was followed for 5-9 years (median 6, years). The indices, defined as the number of apoptotic and mitotic bodies in an H & E-stained section per 100 grids delineated by an ocular measuring field, were determined. The actuarial time to progression, defined as a sustained rise in the serum prostate specific antigen level greater than or equal to 0.4 ng/ml, was correlated with the apoptotic index, the mitotic index, tumor volume, and pathologic stage. RESULTS: Neither pathologic stage nor tumor volume differed significantly between the group of 19 patients (68%) with no progression and the other 9 whose tumor progressed. The median apoptotic index of the carcinomas was 0.87 (range, 0.12-3.91). For patients with a low apoptotic index (< 0.87), the actuarial progression rate at 5 years was 7% +/- 14% (+/- 2 SE) compared with 50% +/- 26% for those with a high apoptotic index (P < 0.007). Mitotic index had no prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: In carcinoma of the prostate, apoptosis can be recognized in standard H & E sections and quantitated by light microscopy. The apoptotic index may provide additional prognostic information in the predominant grade of early stage carcinoma. Cancer 1995; 75:522-9.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

MRI of white matter changes in the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome.

We report a case of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with spastic diplegia and conduction aphasia. MRI demonstrated the white matter changes deep in the cerebral hemispheres. We analyse the MRI findings and compare the results with neuropsychological signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The effects of endothelin-1 on flap necrosis.

In reconstructive surgery, flap necrosis is a major obstacle. The vasospasm in microvascular circulation can be one of the causes of flap necrosis. The vascular endothelium has an important role in the regulation of vascular tone by producing vasodilating and vasoconstricting factors. Endothelin-1, a 21-amino acid polypeptide isolated from the vascular endothelium, is reported to be one of the most potent vasoconstrictors. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of endothelin-1 on flap necrosis using a rat skin flap. First, we introduced into the experiment endothelin-1 and ETA receptor antagonists, FR139317, then we tried to determine the time course changes of endothelin-1 levels in the flap. Endothelin-1 antagonist had no effect on survival length, although endothelin-1 injection clearly reduced survival length. The combined treatment of antagonist and injection suppressed the effect of endothelin-1 in reducing survival length. Endothelin-1 levels in the flap base significantly increased from 6 hours, and its levels in the flap periphery presented no remarkable changes. These results may suggest that endothelin-1, especially that produced in the flap base, exerts a major effect on flap microcirculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Thermotolerance and heat shock protein (HSP 70) in vascular endothelial cells].

Recently, it was determined that the endothelial cells of blood vessel play a very important physiological role in the regulation of blood coagulation and selective permeability. To study the thermotolerance of vascular endothelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were heated at 40, 43, 45 or 50 degrees C for various lengths of time with or without preheating at 40 or 43 degrees C for 30 min. The cell viability (CV) of HUVEC decreased gradually according to heating time. However, the CV of preheated HUVEC decreased slightly or not at all. Heat shock protein (HSP) in HUVEC heated at 37, 40, 43, or 45 degrees C was examined by immunoblotting. A new HSP 70 band was detected in HUVEC by heating at 40, 43 or 45 degrees C. HUVEC revealed thermotolerance with induction of HSP by heat stress.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1994

Frequency of apoptotic bodies positively correlates with Gleason grade in prostate cancer.

Tissue samples from patients with carcinoma of the prostate of various Gleason grades were examined for the frequency of apoptotic bodies. Apoptotic bodies were scored by morphometric methods using hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained sections from surgical specimens of prostate cancer. Non-neoplastic prostate tissue adjacent to foci of cancer showed a very low frequency of apoptotic bodies. Significantly larger numbers of apoptotic bodies were observed in the areas of carcinoma than in the non-neoplastic control tissues, regardless of Gleason grade. Interestingly, a positive correlation was noted between apoptotic bodies and increasing Gleason grade. The positive correlation suggests that increased programmed cell death is a feature of the increasing malignant potential that is associated with higher Gleason grade in prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The effects of stimulus rates upon median, ulnar and radial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials.

We examined the effect of stimulus rates on the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) amplitude following stimulation of the median nerve (MN) and the ulnar nerve (UN) at the elbow or wrist, and the radial nerve (RN) at the wrist in 12 normal subjects. We measured the amplitude of frontal (P14-N18-P22-N30) and parietal peaks (P14-N20-P26-N34) at a stimulus rate of 1.1, 3.5 and 5.7 Hz. The amplitude attenuation was found at frontal P22 and N30 and to a lesser degree at parietal N20 and P26 peaks with an increasing stimulus rate from 1.1 to 5.7 Hz. The amplitude attenuation was greatest at the elbow when compared to the wrist stimulation for both MN and UN. The attenuation was least for wrist stimulation for the RN. The UN block by local anesthesia just distal to the stimulus electrode at the elbow abolished the amplitude attenuation caused by the fast stimulus rate. The observed amplitude attenuation with the faster stimulus rate is probably due, in part, to interference from the "secondary" afferent inputs. The secondary afferent inputs arise from peripheral receptor stimulation (muscle, joint and/or cutaneous) as a subsequent effect of efferent volleys initiated from the point of stimulation. The greater number of peripheral receptors being activated as more proximal sites of stimulation in a mixed nerve would result in greater attenuation of the SEP recorded from scalp electrodes. We postulate that the attenuation of frontal peaks by the fast stimulus rate is due to the frontal projection of interfering "secondary" afferent inputs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of wasting syndrome in [MRL lpr/lpr-->MRL +/+] chimera and graft versus host disease in [B10.D2-->BALB/c] chimera and an attempt to transfer the wasting syndrome in [MRL lpr/lpr-->MRL +/+] to MRL +/+ mice.

We compared the findings in the wasting syndrome seen in [MRL lpr/lpr--> MRL +/+] chimeras with those of chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) in [B10.D2-->BALB/c] chimeras. BALB/c mice were lethally irradiated and administered B10.D2 spleen and bone marrow cells. These mice are identical to MHC and Mls but differ as to genetic background. As a result of chronic GVHD, these [B10.D2-->BALB/c] chimeras showed hair loss, weight loss and atrophy of lymph nodes and spleen beginning 5 weeks after the transplantation. MRL lpr/lpr mice carry the lpr gene and spontaneously develop generalized lymph node swelling and lupus-like autoimmune disease, while congenic MRL +/+ mice lack the lpr gene. The [MRL lpr/lpr-->MRL +/+] chimeras showed wasting and the same symptoms as in [B10.D2-BALB/c] chimeras beginning 16 weeks after cell transfer. Skin biopsy from both chimeras showed very similar changes on HE staining and on immunoperoxidase staining for Ia and Thy-1. Our data suggest that very small differences in minor histocompatibility may induce GVHD which produces severe wasting with lethal consequences. Finally, we succeeded in transferring the wasting syndrome seen in the [MRL lpr/lpr--> MRL +/+] chimera to other MRL +/+ mice by transplanting spleen cells from the [MRL lpr/lpr-->MRL +/+] chimera to lethally irradiated MRL +/+ mice.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1994

Prostate specific antigen and gleason grade: an immunohistochemical study of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is histologically heterogeneous as reflected in the 5 patterns of the Gleason grading system. Gleason grade correlates with volume, extent and prognosis. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels also correlate with tumor volume but the degree to which grade correlates with PSA has not been precisely defined. To quantify this relationship further, we prepared maps of each grade of cancer in 86 radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with clinical stage T2 cancer. The median per cent of the volume of cancer per prostate composed of grade 1 was 0%, while it was 1% for grade 2, 84% for grade 3, 5% for grade 4 and 0% for grade 5. We stained 95 cancer foci (grades 1 to 5) in 40 of these specimens for PSA. The presence and intensity (0 to 3+) of staining in more than 33,000 acini (or cells) correlated inversely with grade (p < 0.0001). Nearly all acini in grade 1 and most in grade 2 stained positive (2 to 3+) for PSA; 87% were positive but with less intensity in grade 3. While many grade 4 (79%) and grade 5 (49%) cells were positive, the intensity of staining was weak. Serum PSA levels correlated with total tumor volume (r = 0.67) but serum PSA levels per cm.3 of cancer decreased with increasing grade (r = -0.24 and p < 0.02). These studies confirm the strong inverse correlation between Gleason grade and the PSA content of prostate cancer. Since more than 85% of grade 3 acini stained for PSA and grade 3 made up the largest portion (84%) of cancer, the predominant contributor to serum PSA levels from prostate cancer was Gleason grade 3. The other grades contribute relatively little to the serum PSA levels either because of the small volume (grades 1 and 2) or the diminished PSA content (grades 4 and 5).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Heterogeneity of prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the morphologic and spatial relationships of the various grades of prostate cancer, we investigated whether poorly differentiated cancer usually arises within the center of a large, well-differentiated tumor or more often forms the periphery or leading edge of the tumor. METHODS: In a series of one hundred and one completely sectioned whole-mount radical prostatectomy specimens removed from patients with clinical Stage T2 prostate cancer, we mapped the distribution of each of the five Gleason grades and assessed their frequency, proportion, and spatial distribution. RESULTS: The average number of different grades present in our patients was 2.7 (range 1-5). Over 50 percent of the prostates contained at least three different grades of cancer. The number of different Gleason grades present increased significantly with increasing tumor volume (p < 0.0001). Only 10 percent of the index cancers (largest tumor present) were composed of a single grade and these cancers were small (0.02-1.7 cm3). Among cancers with multiple grades, the most common finding (53%) was a high-grade cancer present within the core of a larger, more well-differentiated tumor; however, the opposite pattern, low-grade cancer present within a larger poorly differentiated cancer, was also common (30%) and predominated in very large cancers (> 10 cm3). CONCLUSION: Small prostate cancers are often composed of a single grade, usually Gleason grade 2 or 3. But most palpable cancers contain multiple grades which are arranged in heterogeneous and unpredictable geographic interrelationships.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Allergenicity and tolerogenicity of amlexanox in the guinea pig.

Amlexanox (AMLX), an anti-allergic agent, is available in Japan as Elics opthalmic solution, Solfa nasal douche and Solfa tablets. Cases of allergic contact dermatitis induced by Elics ophthalmic solution, which contains 0.25% AMLX, were reported within a year of its introduction. We therefore examined the contact sensitizing potency of AMLX. Guinea pigs sensitized to 0.25% AMLX exhibited a strong positive patch test reaction. Further, AMLX-sensitized animals developed rashes following oral and systemic challenge with AMLX. This animal model reflected the clinical experience of systemic contact dermatitis due to AMLX. The non-responsiveness induced by oral administration of AMLX to AMLX-induced animals was transient, and clinical prophylaxis by desensitization with oral AMLX may only increase the risk of systemic contact dermatitis. On the other hand, there have been few reports of drug eruption from oral Solfa tablets in spite of their wide use. Therefore, we also examined the induction of tolerance by oral administration of AMLX. Oral administration of AMLX before sensitization resulted in complete non-responsiveness. It seems likely that a substantial reduction in the risk of AMLX sensitization by Elics may be achieved by prior oral administration of Solfa tablets containing AMLX.

Administration, Oral↗