Rectal methohexital for induction of anesthesia in children with and without rectal aspiration after sleep: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
Biomedical subjects
M A Jones
Publications and source records attributed to M A Jones.
Glycosphingolipids of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) represent an important class of immunogens and receptors. Although cell surface antigens and receptors of endothelial cells (ECs) have been the subject of extensive biochemical investigation, no information is available about their GSLs. We report here the characterization by chromatographic and immunological techniques of GSLs of cultured human umbilical vein ECs and, for comparison, umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The most abundant neutral GSLs of both cell types were lactosylceramide, Gb3, and Gb4, and both cells contained complex lacto and globo series compounds. Immunostaining revealed that ECs, but not SMCs, contained long chain GSLs bearing a type 2 blood group H determinant. ECs also contained more long chain GSLs bearing an unsubstituted terminal lactosamine structure than SMCs. Labeling with galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 demonstrated that neutral glycolipids that contained three or more sugars were accessible on the cell surface. The major gangliosides of both cell types were GM3 and IV3NeuAcnLc4. Immunostaining following neuraminidase treatment revealed that most of the long chain gangliosides in both types of cells contained a lacto core structure, and that ganglio series compounds were more abundant in SMCs than ECs. Gangliosides that contain a polyfucosyllactosamine core and a globo core were also present in both cell types. These results demonstrate that endothelial and smooth muscle cells contain a large diversity of GSL structures, and provide the basis for investigation of the role of these GSLs as cell surface antigens and receptors for blood components.
Antibodies↗
Comparison of the AMS gram-negative susceptibility flex panel GNS-V and agar disk diffusion for testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Sixty Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were tested by the agar disk diffusion, AMS Vitek GNS-V flex panel (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), and agar dilution methods. Although the results of aminoglycoside tests were satisfactory, those of piperacillin and cefoperazone by Vitek GNS-V (T2.05 program) were not acceptable.
Aminoglycosides↗
Juvenile polyp with intramucosal carcinoma.
Intramucosal carcinoma arising in an otherwise typical juvenile polyp is reported. Adenomatous change and carcinoma in situ have been previously documented in patients with the multiple juvenile polyposis syndrome. The syndrome was not present in this case. Although rare, juvenile polyps (both in solitary and multiple forms) are a potential site of malignant change.
Adult↗
Capillary permeability changes in the uteri of recipient rabbits after transfer of blastocysts from indomethacin-treated donors.
Blastocysts recovered from control or indomethacin-treated (10 mg/kg s.c. twice daily starting on Day 4.5 of pregnancy) donor rabbits were transferred to the uteri of Day-6 or 6.5 pseudopregnant recipients. The minimal time required to cause an increase in capillary permeability in the endometrium underlying control blastocysts was approximately 9 h. Blastocysts derived from the indomethacin-treated donors were depleted of PGE and PGF (determined by RIA) and were unable to produce any increase in capillary permeability during the same time period, although after 46 h in vivo the diameters of the implantation swellings related to control or indomethacin-treated blastocysts were not different. This suggests that, in the untreated recipients, blastocysts depleted of PGs can become replenished and then release these PGs in a site-directed manner. Indomethacin thus causes a delay rather than a complete inhibition of implantation. Incubation of the indomethacin-treated blastocysts in vitro led to replenishment with PGs, but such replenished blastocysts failed to induce an increase in capillary permeability within the same time-frame as control blastocysts. Evidence is presented that indomethacin is probably not the cyclooxygenase inhibitor of choice, since it interferes with PG uptake and efflux. Such an action could explain the failure of the replenished blastocysts to induce a normal increase in capillary permeability.
Animals↗
Delivery of antifibroblast agents as adjuncts to filtration surgery--Part II: Delivery of 5-fluorouracil and bleomycin in a collagen implant: pilot study in the rabbit.
A pilot study was performed in order to determine if filtration bleb longevity could be enhanced in rabbits by delivery of 5-fluorouracil or bleomycin in a collagen sponge implant. Results showed that both agents prolonged bleb longevity and lowered intraocular pressure when compared to controls. Bleomycin treated animals had the best bleb appearance and function at the longest postoperative intervals.
Animals↗
Heat and protease treatment of aqueous humor: effect on cell DNA synthesis and growth.
Rabbit skin and Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were cultured in media containing 20% rabbit aqueous humor as a stimulatory agent. Cell stimulation was quantitated by 3H-thymidine uptake. The aqueous humor was either: (1) untreated; (2) heated at 37 degrees C for 60 min; (3) boiled for 2 min; or (4) heated at 37 degrees C for 60 min with 0.025% trypsin, followed by boiling. The effects of the various treatments of aqueous humor on cell stimulation were compared among themselves and to 10% fetal bovine serum. It was found that: (1) heating of aqueous humor at 37 degrees C for up to 60 min had no apparent effect on its ability to stimulate DNA synthesis in culture; (2) boiling and trypsin plus boiling reduced the ability of 20% aqueous humor to promote thymidine uptake to varying degrees; (3) 20% untreated aqueous humor was more effective than 10% fetal bovine serum in stimulating DNA synthesis in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts; skin fibroblasts responded similarly to both media.
Animals↗
Aqueous humor-stimulated protein biosynthesis in ocular tissue fibroblast culture.
Dilute concentrations of aqueous humor stimulate DNA synthesis and cell division in monolayer fibroblast culture of rabbit skin and human and rabbit Tenon's capsule. We used [35S]-methionine to study 20% aqueous humor's effect on protein biosynthesis. A non-specific stimulator, 10% fetal bovine serum, was also used for comparison. Incorporation of radioactivity into acid-precipitable material was measured in both the fibroblasts and the media containing extracellular labeled proteins. The extracellular and intracellular labeled proteins were resolved by gel electrophoresis. Both 20% aqueous humor and 10% fetal bovine serum stimulated increased incorporation of [35S]-methionine into intracellular proteins relative to control values (from fibroblasts maintained in 0.5% fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium). However, 20% aqueous humor caused only a slight increase in labeling of proteins exported into the medium, whereas 10% fetal bovine serum stimulated a several-fold increase in extracellular labeled proteins relative to control values. Gel electrophoresis of labeled proteins showed that the quantitative distribution of extracellular proteins varied depending on the growth stimulator present. We conclude that the protein biosynthesis modulation by aqueous humor differs from that by fetal bovine serum. Aqueous humor may selectively stimulate the synthesis of discrete proteins while a general stimulation occurs with fetal bovine serum.
Animals↗
Residual complement activity after incubation with myelin isolated from both the central and peripheral nervous tissues.
The relative ability of isolated central and peripheral nervous system myelin to interact with the complement system of plasma proteins was studied. The myelin used was a highly pure form, devoid of contamination by any subcellular organelles or membranes. Residual complement activity was a linear function of increasing quantities of myelin from 10 to 40 micrograms of myelin protein. Central and peripheral nervous system myelin showed identical residual complement activity at various temperatures above 7 degrees C and also after various time periods of incubation. The results show that central and peripheral nervous system myelin show equal ability to interact with complement, in spite of their different origin and differences in morphology and protein composition.
Animals↗
Storage in vivo of [3H]prostaglandins by rabbit blastocysts.
Day 6 rabbit blastocysts that had previously been incubated with 10 nM [3H]prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), [3H] PGF2 alpha, or 0.5 microCi [3H]water were surgically transferred to the uteri of day 6 pseudopregnant recipient rabbits. At 1, 3, and 20 h after transfer, blastocysts were collected from the recipient rabbits and evaluated for retention of [3H]ligands. The transferred day 6 blastocysts were able to retain a significant proportion of the initial PGs for up to 20 h in vivo. These PGs were not metabolized while they remained in the blastocysts in vivo, as assessed by HPLC. The transferred blastocysts appeared normal and viable after 20 h in vivo, since implantation sites could be detected visually. These data support our hypothesis that blastocysts can sequester PGs from their environment in vivo and retain them unmetabolized during the critical period just before implantation.
Animals↗
[3H]Prostaglandin accumulation in vitro by baboon uterus.
Uteri from mature baboons at various stages of the menstrual cycle were collected at autopsy. Transverse slices of the uteri were incubated with [3H]prostaglandins in Tyrode's buffer. Bound and free ligands were separated by filtration. Prostaglandin (PG) accumulation by the tissue slices was evaluated as a function of incubation time, PG type and concentration, temperature, wet weight of tissue and stage of the menstrual cycle. There was no significant difference in PG accumulation in response to PG type (PGE2 or PGF2 alpha) or stage of the menstrual cycle. These results from baboon uteri were compared with those using baboon oviducts and also rabbit uteri and oviducts. Unlike the rabbit tissues, the baboon oviducts and uterine tissues did not exhibit specific net accumulation of prostaglandins.
Animals↗
Progesterone and oestradiol receptor concentration and translocation in uterine tissue of rabbits treated with indomethacin.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether endogenous prostaglandins are involved in the regulation of sexual steroid receptor concentration and cytosol to nucleus translocation in the rabbit uterus. The animals were injected s.c. with indomethacin (10 mg/kg) twice daily on days 5 and 6 and on the morning of day 7 of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy and killed 2 h after the last injection. The indomethacin treatment did not change progesterone and oestradiol serum concentrations compared with animals injected with vehicle only. No differences were observed either in progesterone receptor or oestradiol (pregnant animals only) receptor concentration and intracellular distribution in endometria of indomethacin-treated or control animals. In an extended experiment indomethacin given to oestrogen-pretreated ovariectomized rabbits did not inhibit the nuclear progesterone receptor accumulation induced by a single progesterone injection. These results suggest that there is no direct relationship between prostaglandins and sexual steroid receptors in the rabbit uterus.
Animals↗
Effect of antineoplastic drugs on cell proliferation--individually and in combination.
Three antineoplastic agents, bleomycin, cytosine arabinoside and 5-fluorouracil, were studied individually and in combination to determine their effectiveness in controlling cell growth in the presence of fetal bovine serum. All three drugs were effective individually in specifically controlling proliferation (as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake) of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts while bleomycin is effective at the lowest concentration. However, bleomycin alone rather than in combination with cytosine arabinoside or 5-fluorouracil was most effective in preventing division by these fibroblasts.
Animals↗
Effect of indomethacin in vivo on prostaglandin content of several rabbit tissues.
The prostaglandin (PG) content of several tissues and fluids from 6 day pregnant rabbits was evaluated following treatment with indomethacin or vehicle in vivo. PGE and PGF were measured by radioimmunoassay. More complete depletion of PGE and PGF was accomplished by 3 injections of indomethacin (s.c.) given during the 18 h before sacrifice at a dose of 10 mg indomethacin per kg body weight than was accomplished by 1 injection of the same amount of indomethacin (i.v.) 1.5 h before sacrifice. Levels of PGF were more easily depressed by indomethacin than were those of PGE. PG levels in the kidney and blastocysts were depressed to a greater extent by indomethacin than were those in the uterus, uterine fluid or peritoneal fluid. Evaluation of the effect of indomethacin on a particular physiological function should be interpreted with caution unless the extent of PG depletion in that tissue is also measured.
Animals↗
Prostaglandin translocation from the lumen of the rabbit uterus in vitro in relation to day of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy.
Transport of 3H-labeled prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2 alpha from the uterine lumen across the uterine wall has been studied in rabbit uteri in vitro in incubations lasting up to 180 min, in relation to sexual state of the rabbit, incubation temperature, intraluminal PG concentration, addition of metabolic inhibitors and time of incubation. PG accumulation by the tissue increased rapidly up to 30 min and then remained relatively constant. By 30 min, radioactivity was found in the external incubation medium, and this increased linearly with time. The translocation of PGF2 alpha was significantly greater in pseudopregnant than in pregnant animals on Day 6, whereas that of PGE2 was significantly higher in pregnant than in pseudopregnant animals on Day 6.8. In pregnant animals, both PGF2 alpha and PGE2 were translocated to the exterior more rapidly on Day 6.8 than on Days 5 or 6. Transport of PGs was reduced by low temperature, unaffected by metabolic inhibitors and only that of PGE2 increased with increased (5 microM) intraluminal concentrations. During incubation, the tissue remained viable as judged by T/M ratios (dpm tissue/dpm medium) for 204 thallium. Transport of [14C] sucrose was much slower than that of [14C] urea, which was greater than the fastest rates exhibited by the PGs. In general, amounts of radioactivity found in antimesometrial, mesometrial and lateral portions of the uterine wall, or in implantation and interimplantation areas did not differ, but more was found in the endometrium than the myometrium. PGF2 alpha was translocated unmetabolized to the external medium, while only two-thirds of the PGE2 was translocated unchanged, and one-third converted to PGF2 alpha. It is concluded that the rabbit uterus shows some selectivity in handling PGs in relation to stage of pregnancy.
Animals↗
Rabbit blastocysts accumulate [3H]prostaglandins in vitro.
Rabbit blastocysts obtained on days 5, 6, and 6.8 of pregnancy were incubated in vitro in Tyrode's buffer with 3H-labeled prostaglandins (PGs). Accumulation of PGs was studied, using Whatman GF/F filters to separate bound and free ligands. The uptake and efflux of [3H]PGs were studied as a function of PG type, incubation time, temperature, and effect of metabolic inhibitors as well as age and number of blastocysts. Blastocysts of the same age accumulated approximately the same amount of [3H]PGE2 and [3H]PGF2 alpha from their environment; however, there was no apparent saturation over a PG concentration range of 1-1000 nM. Both the uptake and efflux of PG were age dependent, with older blastocysts accumulating more PGs. Approximately 90% of the [3H]PGs appear to be transported into the blastocoelic fluid, with little PG remaining in the blastomeres. PG accumulation was relatively insensitive to azide, ouabain, cyanide, or bromcresol green, but was affected by incubation at 0 C or the addition of indomethacin (10 micrograms/ml). No catabolism of the accumulated PGs was observed. The release of PGE2 in general did not differ from that of PGF2 alpha, except on day 6.8 of pregnancy when PGE2 was released more rapidly than on day 6. We conclude that rabbit blastocysts can accumulate PGs from their environment, which may imply a storage potential in the blastocyst and release before implantation.
Analysis of Variance↗
Job descriptions made easy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Job Description↗
Effect of antineoplastic drugs on fibroblast proliferation in rabbit aqueous humor.
An assay is described to test the ability of antineoplastic agents to slow fibroblast growth. The effect of bleomycin sulfate, cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine), and 5-fluorouracil on suppression of fibroblast proliferation in 20% rabbit aqueous humor was studied in vitro. All of the drugs exhibited some suppression of fibroblast proliferation at differing doses. The choice of target cell, however, was an important factor in the dose responses obtained.
Animals↗