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Biomedical subjects

M A Jones

Publications and source records attributed to M A Jones.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[3H]prostaglandin uptake in vivo by rabbit uterine tissues and blastocysts.

Day-6 pregnant rabbits were anesthetized and subjected to a mid-ventral laparotomy. [3H] Prostaglandin F2alpha) (PGF2alpha) [3H]PGE2, [14C]Urea or [14C]Sucrose were instilled into the uterine lumen via the uterotubal junction. The amounts instilled/uterine horn were respectively 3.7 +/- 0.3, 3.5 +/- 0.3, 5.7 +/- 1.3 and 2.7 +/- 1.6 muCi in 20mul of buffer. Animals were killed at 1, 2, 9, 19 or 21 h after radioactive instillation, and the amounts of radioactivity in blastocysts, uterine tissue, peritoneal cavity washings and urine evaluated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. A gradient of radioactivity was observed from the uterotubal junction to the cervical end of the uterus. Large amounts of [3H]PG were found in the injected horn and associated blastocysts with a considerable crossover to the non-injected horn, but little in the associated blastocysts. Much of the blastocysts associated- [3H]PG remained unmetabolized. Large amounts of metabolized [3 H] were found in urine. [14C]Urea was taken up by uterine tissue in the injected horn, but there was little cross over to the non-injected horn. Urea was also found in urine. Much of the [14C]Sucrose remained in the injected horn, and little was recovered from the urine. It was found that at 9 h, but not at 19 h, after [3 H]PG instillation, the PG was localized at the site of the blastocysts in the injected but not in the contralateral horn. Significantly more [3H]PGF2alpha than [3H]PGE2 was localized in this situation. [14C]Urea was not localized at the site of the blastocysts in urea injected horns. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of Bartholin's gland.

A small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arose in Bartholin's gland in a 30-year-old woman is reported. The tumor had light, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical features typical of pulmonary small cell carcinoma and was metastatic to inguinal lymph nodes at presentation. This is the first reported example of this tumor occurring in Bartholin's gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Improved flow cytometric determination of proliferative activity (S-phase fraction) from paraffin-embedded tissue.

Recent studies suggest that proliferative activity (S-phase fraction [SPF]) may have greater prognostic significance than total nuclear DNA content; however, relatively few studies have examined SPF from paraffin-embedded tissue because of significant contamination of histograms with debris. In this study, cell cycle analysis was performed on 124 matched tissue specimens. Fresh tissue was divided into two equal portions; one portion was frozen, whereas the other portion was processed and embedded in paraffin. S-phase could be determined for both frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue in 81 cases. Correlation between SPF from frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue was demonstrated (r = 0.80) when debris was subtracted from histograms with the use of two new subtraction algorithms referred to as multicut and singlecut. Unlike other debris-subtraction algorithms, the quantity and distribution of debris calculated by these algorithms are dependent on the magnitude and position of histogram peaks. A lesser degree of correlation was demonstrated with the use of a standard exponential debris subtraction algorithm (r = 0.67). Correlation of SPF for aneuploid cases was greater when SPF was calculated as a percentage of the aneuploid cell population rather than as a percentage of the entire cell population. This was attributed to the observation that the proportion of aneuploid cells from paraffin-embedded tissue was less than that from frozen tissue. The results of this study indicate that SPF can be calculated from paraffin-embedded tissue with values comparable to those obtained from frozen tissue. The ability to calculate SPF reliably from paraffin-embedded tissue should allow additional evaluation of this parameter as a prognostic indicator.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

Adenocarcinoid tumor of the periampullary region: a novel duodenal neoplasm presenting as biliary tract obstruction.

An adenocarcinoid tumor of the duodenum, similar to those arising in the appendix, is reported. The tumor presented as a periampullary mass causing pancreaticobiliary obstruction. The microscopic features were typical of adenocarcinoid with diffuse infiltration of mucosa, submucosa, and smooth muscle by tubuloglandular structures lined by enteroendocrine and goblet cells. Signet ring cells were also present. It is desirable to distinguish adenocarcinoids from adenocarcinomas and typical carcinoids in this setting as, by analogy with appendiceal tumors, adenocarcinoids may be expected to have an intermediate prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Origins of the renal innervation in the primate, Macaca fascicularis.

The origins of the renal efferent and afferent nerves in 5 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were studied by using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA). The cut ends of the right renal nerves were soaked for 30-45 min in solutions consisting of 15% HRP and 1% HRP-WGA. Three or four days later the animals were killed and the tissues examined for the presence of retrogradely labeled neurons, HRP-filled cells were observed, with rare exceptions, only in ganglia ipsilateral to the side of tracer application. Renal efferent neurons (4648-14565 cells per animal) were found in relatively equal numbers in prevertebral and paravertebral (sympathetic chain) ganglia. Labeled prevertebral cells were distributed among the renal (52%), aorticorenal (32%) and superior mesenteric (16%) ganglia, whereas labeled paravertebral neurons were mainly located in chain ganglia T11-L3, with 94% of these located in L1-3. Labeled renal sensory neurons (31-543 per animal) constituted less than 5% of all labeled cells and were found in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia T10-L3, with (80%) in T12 and L1. The labeled sensory neurons ranged from 18-64 microns in diameter (X = 32.4 microns). With the exception of a single cell in one animal, no labeled neurons were observed in the nodose ganglia. Many parallels were observed between the organization of the renal plexuses of macaques and humans, suggesting the utility of the non-human primate as an experimental model for functional studies of renal innervation in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A biochemical study of optic nerve myelin isolated by a micromethod from different aged rats.

A micromethod was used to study myelin from individual rat optic nerves as a function of age. Protein and galactolipid content as well as 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase (CNPase) activity at ages 2, 4, 22, and 28 months were determined. Protein content increased significantly at 22 months and decreased at advanced age. Galactolipid content increased significantly at 28 months while CNPase activity decreased. The ratios of protein to galactolipid and CNPase to galactolipid changed with changing age. These data suggest that, unlike the central nervous system, specific biochemical parameters of the optic nerve change with age.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Prostaglandin synthesis by day-6 rabbit blastocysts in vitro.

Day-6 rabbit blastocysts were recovered from superovulated donor animals, washed in ice-cold Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate (KRB) buffer, pooled and randomly allocated to polypropylene incubation tubes, usually 10 blastocysts in 1 ml KRB. The blastocysts were ruptured with a dissecting needle and incubated at 37 degrees C for periods of 1-3 h with 10 microCi [3H]arachidonic acid/tube. A control tube without blastocysts was run in each experiment. At the end of the incubation, the samples were acidified, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried down and resuspended in h.p.l.c., using a solvent system for prostaglandins (PGs), was subtracted from each experimental run in the same experiment. The remaining radioactivity constituted 0.14% of the original [3H]arachidonic acid added to each incubation tube. This was considered to have been the result of conversion of the radiolabelled arachidonic acid to prostanoids. In the absence of 10 mM-EDTA no conversion occurred, whereas in its presence peaks of radioactivity co-eluting with [3H]PGF-2 alpha and [3H]PGE-2 were seen. A third peak that eluted was either 15-keto metabolites of these PGs or PGD-2. These 3 peaks were always significantly above background, and usually did not differ from each other. No differences in amount of conversion could be related to incubation time. Addition of indomethacin (100 micrograms/ml) or radioinert arachidonic acid (10 micrograms/ml) inhibited production of [3H]PG, even in the presence of EDTA. Removal of calcium from the incubation medium was per se without effect. Addition of atropine (0.15 mM) or carbachol (0.15 mM) in the presence or absence of EDTA did not change the pattern of conversion of [3H]arachidonic acid to [3H]PGs. These experiments demonstrate that rabbit blastocysts have the capacity for de-novo synthesis of PGs from exogenous substrate, when utilization of endogenous substrate is inhibited. The extent of conversion observed may not be a true reflection of the capacity for conversion of endogenous substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of prostaglandin E2 binding to uterine membranes from baboon, rabbit and tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri).

Membrane preparations (100,000 g pellet) of rabbit, baboon and tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) uteri were studied for binding of [3H]prostaglandin E2 ([3H]PGE2). Unbound [3H]PGE2 was separated by filtration through Whatman GF/F filters. Non-specific binding was determined by the amount of radioactivity associated with the filters in the presence of a 100-fold excess of radioinert PGE2. PGE2 bound to membranes could be displaced by some other prostaglandin (PG) molecules: PGE1, 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2, PGA1 and PGF2 alpha, but not by 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGD2 or arachidonic acid. No PGE2 binding was detected using either membrane ghosts from red blood cells or liposomes. Apparent equilibrium of the binding was reached by 60 min. There was no difference in dissociation constant (Kd) values between rabbits of different reproductive stages (mean range +/- S.E.M. was from 4.6 +/- 0.3 to 5.5 +/- 1.0 nM), but pregnant baboons showed a significantly lower value (3.3 +/- 0.4 nM) than did cyclic animals (12.0 +/- 2.0 nM). Binding capacity (Bmax) values, in contrast, were different only between oestrous rabbits and other reproductive stages. The small amounts of Tupaia tissue only permitted estimates of the Kd and Bmax values to be made; these were 3.8 nM and 499 fmol/mg protein for oestrous animals and 5.4 nM and 674 fmol/mg protein for animals on day 7 of pregnancy, assuming only one class of sites. The present results demonstrate the presence of specific binding sites for PGE2 in uteri from several species.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on rabbit blastocysts.

The uptake of prostaglandins (PGs) into day-6 rabbit blastocysts was studied. Uptake of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was temperature sensitive and nonsaturable up to 1,000 nM external concentration. In contrast, uptake of Iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, was unaffected by temperature, and showed apparent saturation at greater than 2 nM concentration. Individual blastocysts exposed to 0.2 microM radioinert prostaglandins or 1 hr did not swell significantly. Blastocyst concentration of PGF2 alpha was 4.8 +/- 2.1-fold higher than that of PGE2, which was 9.5 +/- 2.4-fold greater than that of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin). Uptake of tritiated water was increased by exposure of blastocysts to 0.2 microM PGE2 or PGF2 alpha, but not to Iloprost. Thus, imbibition of water does not cause blastocyst swelling at least during limited in vitro culture. It is concluded that prostacyclin is of less importance in blastocyst function than PGE2 or PGF2 alpha.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1988

Prostaglandin (PG) accumulation in vitro by mouse ovaries, oviducts, and uteri.

Uteri, ovaries and oviducts from mice were collected at autopsy. Tissue slices were incubated with [3H]-PGE2 in the presence or absence of a large excess (100 fold) of nonradioactive PGE2 using 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Bound and free PGs were separated by a filtration technique. PGE2 accumulation by the uteri was evaluated as a function of incubation time, wet weight of tissues, and reproductive state. The tissue to medium ratio (T/M) was greater than 1.0 for uteri as the time of incubation increased. This suggests the presence of PGE2 binding sites in mouse uterine tissue. Also, PGE2 accumulation was not observed in oviducts or in ovaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The adolescent varicocele. A histopathologic study of 13 testicular biopsies.

Testicular varicocele, the most common cause of male infertility, frequently presents in early adolescence. To determine whether testicular damage occurs early in the natural history of varicocele, testicular biopsy specimens from 13 patients, 13 to 18 years of age (mean age, 15.5 years), were studied. The biopsies were compared with testicular tissue from six normal control subjects 15 to 28 years of age (mean age, 23.2 years). Nine of the patients with varicoceles (69.2%) demonstrated some degree of tubular sclerosis. Ultrastructural study demonstrated that the tubular sclerosis was due to collagen deposition by fibromyocytes in the peritubular sheath. Premature germ cell sloughing was present in greater than 50% of tubules examined in all but one biopsy. Six patients (46%) demonstrated small vessel sclerosis. Quantitation of the germinal epithelium revealed that the mean germ cell/Sertoli cell ratio and the percentage of germ cells present as late stage forms (secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa) were significantly reduced in the varicocele group. The testes of two patients exhibited severe hypospermatogenesis approaching germ cell aplasia. None of these changes were seen in the control group. The authors conclude that pathologic changes in the testes of patients with varicoceles are found at or soon after puberty. The histopathologic features include peritubular sclerosis, small vessel sclerosis, premature germ cell sloughing, and variable degrees of hypospermatogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Controlled trial of intravesical noxythiolin in the prevention of infection following outflow tract surgery.

A randomised control trial was undertaken in 100 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for outflow tract obstruction to assess the efficacy of noxythiolin in preventing post-operative bacteriuria; 1% noxythiolin or sterile water was instilled at the time of catheter removal. The incidence of bacteriuria in the treated group (7/50) was significantly lower than in the control group (19/50). This was statistically significant. This difference was more marked in patients who had been catheterised for retention of urine. There was no difference in the complication rate despite a reduction of infection in the treated group.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1988

The role of promotion in alcoholism treatment marketing.

This article is an overview of the promotion function as a part of the ATM's marketing mix. It approaches various promotion decision areas from a managerial perspective, focusing upon some key components of promotion planning. Rather than provide specific operational or implementation details (how to write a brochure) it is more conceptual in nature and offers a framework for promotion planners. The article addresses promotion management, promotion objectives, analysis for promotion planning, the promotion mix, and addresses the benefits and limitations of some specific promotion tools available to the ATM manager. It treats ATMs as a service and reveals specific implications for promotion strategy dictated by services. The article also reports promotion tools employed by Alabama ATMs citing data from the Alabama study.

Advertising↗
PubMed1988

Platelet-activating factor in the rabbit uterus during early pregnancy.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentrations were low in the non-pregnant, oestrous uterus (mean +/- s.e.m.: 2.2 +/- 1.2 pmol/g, n = 3). However, uterine PAF increased dramatically during pregnancy to a maximum of 37.8 +/- 4.90 pmol/g (n = 7) on Day 5. By Day 7, PAF concentrations in the uteri of pregnant rabbits had returned to levels similar to those found at oestrus. In contrast, uterine PAF in pseudopregnant rabbits peaked at 30.6 +/- 2.8 pmol/g (n = 8) on Day 4, declined to 20.5 +/- 2.4 pmol/g (n = 8) on Day 5 and then remained at that concentration through Day 7. Uterine PAF co-migrated with synthetic PAF (1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine) in both thin-layer and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PAF activity in the uterus during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy was found almost exclusively in the endometrium; little or no PAF was found in myometrium, uterine flushings or blastocysts. While no PAF was detected in blastocysts on Days 5 and 6 of pregnancy, the presence of the embryo appears to modulate biosynthesis and/or degradation of PAF by the uterus, since PAF decreased significantly in uterine tissue apposed to the implanting embryo (but not in similar areas between such attachment sites). Increased concentrations of PAF in the preimplantation rabbit uterus followed by a dramatic decrease on the day of blastocyst attachment suggest that this potent inflammatory autacoid may play a vital role in implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The presence of the fifth component of complement (C5) in rabbit uterine flushings in relation to reproductive state.

The fifth component of complement (C5) has been detected in rabbit uterine flushings. The C5 activity was evaluated using a hemolytic assay which requires the use of a C5-depleted reagent (C5D) prepared by affinity chromatography of normal human serum. In the absence of C5D, there was no hemolysis of antibody-sensitized erythrocytes by rabbit uterine flushings, whereas the presence of the C5D reagent resulted in substantial hemolysis. The amount of hemolysis was correlated with the reproductive state of the rabbits, with higher amounts of hemolysis (expressed per mg uterine flushing protein) evident in estrous rabbits. In addition, the amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG), albumin, and total protein were also determined in the uterine flushings. The amounts of total protein and IgG were increased in day-6 pregnant animals compared to estrus while the amount of albumin per ml uterine flushing was not significantly changed.

Albumins↗